The bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) depends on their chemical forms. This study investigated the long-term effects of DHA-bound triglyceride(TG-DHA), DHA-bound phospholipid(...The bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) depends on their chemical forms. This study investigated the long-term effects of DHA-bound triglyceride(TG-DHA), DHA-bound phospholipid(PL-DHA), and the combination of TG-DHA and egg yolk phospholipid(Egg-PL) on lipid metabolism in mice fed with a high-fat diet(fat levels of 22.5%). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with different formulations containing 0.5% DHA, including TG-DHA, PL-DHA, and the combination of TG-DHA and Egg-PL, for 6 weeks. Serum, hepatic, and cerebral lipid concentrations and the fatty acid compositions of the liver and brain were determined. The concentrations of serum total triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), and hepatic TG in the PL-DHA group and the combination group were significantly lower than those in the high-fat(HF) group(P < 0.05). Atherogenic index(AI) of the PL-DHA group was significantly lower than that of the combination group(P < 0.05). Hepatic TC level in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the HF group(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the combination group and the PL-DHA group. Both the PL-DHA and the combination groups showed significantly increased DHA levels in the liver compared with the HF group(P < 0.05). However, there were no obvious increases in the cerebral DHA levels in all DHA diet groups. These results suggest that PL-DHA was superior to the combination of TG-DHA and Egg-PL in decreasing the AI. Long-term dietary supplementation with low amount of DHA(0.5%) may improve hepatic DHA levels, although cerebral DHA levels may not be enhanced.展开更多
The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red so...The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.展开更多
To analyze the intrinsic relationship between rhizosphere microbial community structure and variety of rice, the microbial community structures in rhizosphere of different hybrid rice cultivars were determined with ph...To analyze the intrinsic relationship between rhizosphere microbial community structure and variety of rice, the microbial community structures in rhizosphere of different hybrid rice cultivars were determined with phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） analysis. Three series of new-breeding hybrid rice cultivars in China were tested in the experiment, Ilyouming 86 （II-32A/Minghui 86）, Ilyouhang 1 （II-32A/Hang 1）, and Ilyouhang 2 （II-32A/Hang 2） with H-32A as female parent, XinyouHK02 （XinA/HK02） and YiyouHK02 （YXA/HK02） with HK02 as male parent, Chuanyou 167 （ChuanxiangA/MR167） and 44you167 （Hunan44A/MR167） with MR167 as male parent. The results showed that the microbial community in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice comprised bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and protozoa, according to the 40 PLFA biomarkers detected. Bacteria were more abundant than fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice tested. Both sulfate-reducing and methane-oxidizing bacteria were found to exist in the hybrid rice rhizosphere. It was also found that the characteristics of PLFA biomarkers had correlation with the biological traits of rice. The cluster analysis suggested that microbial community structure and activity in rhizosphere were associated with genetic background of the rice cultivar.展开更多
To evaluate contamination caused by petroleum, surface soil samples were collected from both upland and paddy fields along the irrigation canals in the Hunpu wastewater irrigation region in northeast China. N-alkanes,...To evaluate contamination caused by petroleum, surface soil samples were collected from both upland and paddy fields along the irrigation canals in the Hunpu wastewater irrigation region in northeast China. N-alkanes, terpanes, steranes, and phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） in the surface soil samples were analyzed. The aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration was highest in the samples obtained from the upland field near an operational oil well; it was lowest at I-3P where wastewater irrigation promoted the downward movement of hydrocarbons. The Hunpu region was found contaminated by heavy petroleum from oxic lacustrine fresh water or marine deltaic source rocks. Geochemical parameters also indicated significantly heavier contamination and degradation in the upland fields compared with the paddy fields. Principal component analysis based on PLFA showed various microbial communities between petroleum contaminated upland and paddy fields. Gram-negative bacteria indicated by 15：0, 3OH 12：0, and 16：1（9） were significantly higher in the paddy fields, whereas Gram-positive bacteria indicated by i16：0 and 18：1（9）c were significantly higher in the upland fields （p 〈 0.05）. These PLFAs were related to petroleum contamination. Poly-unsaturated PLFA （18：2ω6, 9; indicative of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria and fungi） was also significantly elevated in the upland fields. This paper recommends more sensitive indicators of contamination and degradation of petroleum in soil. The results also provide guidelines on soil pollution control and remediation in the Hunpu region and other similar regions.展开更多
Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was used to estimate the microbial community structures of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility levels and land use histories. The total amounts of PLFAs in the...Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was used to estimate the microbial community structures of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility levels and land use histories. The total amounts of PLFAs in the soils were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass C and basal respiration, indicating that total PLFA was closely related to fertility and sustainability in these highly weathered soils. Soils for the eroded wasteland were rich in Gram-positive species. When the eroded soils were planted with citrus trees, the soil microbial population had changed little in 4 years but took up to 8-12 years before it reached a significantly different population. Multivariate analysis of PLFAs demonstrated that land use history and plant cover type had a significant impact on microbial community structure. However, the difference of soil microbial community structure in the paddy field compared to other land uses was not larger than expected in this experiment.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to prepare the oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex (OAPC) and then solidify it employing fumed silica by simple solvent evaporation technique to improve dissolution rate of oleanolic aci...The purpose of this study was to prepare the oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex (OAPC) and then solidify it employing fumed silica by simple solvent evaporation technique to improve dissolution rate of oleanolic acid and oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex. The process of OA-PC was optimized and the type and proportion of fumed silica were studied by dissolution text. The structures of the phospholipid complex and solidified powder were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. In the dissolution tests, OA from solidified powder was further released compared with that from pure OA and OA-PC in different kinds of dissolution media. These results suggest that the method of preparing solidified powder of oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex is suitable for enhancing the dissolution rate of OA and OA-PC.展开更多
In this study, the changes of the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in different tissues(muscle, heart, brain and spleen) of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were analyzed when the water temperature decreased...In this study, the changes of the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in different tissues(muscle, heart, brain and spleen) of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were analyzed when the water temperature decreased gradually from 16 to 12℃℃, 8℃, 6℃, 4℃, 2 and 1℃℃. Three fish individuals each tank(average weight 70.32 g ± 9.12 g) were collected and used to analysis at each designed temperatures. At normal temperature(16℃), the fatty acid composition of phospholipid of muscle and heart was similar each other. The highest concentration of saturate fatty acids(SFA) was found in the phospholipid of spleen. The brain phospholipid contained higher oleic acid(18:1 n9) than the phospholipid of other tissues at 16℃. When the environmental temperature decreased, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids in all tissues increased, and accordingly the ratio pf the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) and unsaturation index(UI) increased, indicating that steelhead trout can compensate temperature-dependent changes in membrane fluidity by remodeling the fatty acid composition of phospholipids. The changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipid were tissue-specific. At the early stages of the experiment(16 to 8℃℃), the fatty acid composition of phospholipid changed remarkably in muscle, heart, and spleen. When temperature decreased to less than 8℃, an obvious response of phospholipid fatty acid was observed in all tissues. The change of phospholipid composition of steelhead trout tissues may be affected by both cold stress and starvation when the temperature decreased to 2℃, and the change of phospholipid composition of muscle was very obvious.展开更多
AIM： To prepare a complex of hyaluronic acid （HA） and phospholipids （PL）, and study the improvement effect of PL on the oral absorption of HA. METHODS： The complex of HA-PL （named Haplex） was prepared by film ...AIM： To prepare a complex of hyaluronic acid （HA） and phospholipids （PL）, and study the improvement effect of PL on the oral absorption of HA. METHODS： The complex of HA-PL （named Haplex） was prepared by film dispersion and sonication method, its physico-chemical properties were identified by infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The oral absorption of Haplex was studied. Thirty-two healthy rats were divided into 4 groups randomly： （1） a normal saline （NS） control group; （2） an HA group; （3） a mixture group and （4） a Haplex group. After intragastric administration, the concentration of HA in serum was determined. RESULTS： The physico-chemical properties of Haplex were different from HA or PL or their mixture. After Haplex was administered to rats orally, the serum concentration of HA was increased when compared with the mixture or HA control groups from 4 h to 10 h （P 〈 0.05）. The AAUCo-12, of Haplex was also greater than that of the other three groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The method of film dispersion and sonication can prepare HA and PL complex, and PL can enhance the oral absorption of exogenous HA.展开更多
The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids.Incorporation ofω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability,sug...The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids.Incorporation ofω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability,suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids.This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase(EC 3.1.1.3)from Rhizomucor miehei.Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source,whileω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source.Oil enriched withω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru(Sardinella longiceps)by-product.Response surface methodology(RSM)was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors(enzyme concentration,reaction time and substrate ratio)and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure.The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors(reaction time,enzyme concentration and substrate ratio)was quadratic.The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time.Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77:1 betweenω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin,30%lipase concentration,and 24.08 h reaction time,gave 22.81%of EPA content of structured phospholipids.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of high fat food consisted of tallow (19% of total diets) and cholesterol (2%) on modification of erythrocyte phospholipids, fatty acids composition and glutathione redox- system of male Wistar...To evaluate the effects of high fat food consisted of tallow (19% of total diets) and cholesterol (2%) on modification of erythrocyte phospholipids, fatty acids composition and glutathione redox- system of male Wistar rats with alimentary dysli- pidemia. The results demonstrated that after 30 and 180 days of high-fat feed erythrocyte phos- phatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine levels were reduced, phosphatidylserine were in-creased. Only on the 90 days of the experiment phosphatidylinositol level increased. In all grow- ups the erythrocyte 18:0 saturated fatty acids and 20:4n6, 22:4n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased. Deficit of n3 PUFA- 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 after 90 and 180 days high fat feed promoted compensatory synthesis from 18:1n9 on 20:3n9. Erythrocyte maleic dialde-hyde increased, glutathione level decreased in all groups of rats after fed with high-fat feed. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxi-dase activity decreased in erythrocytes after 30 and 180 days of high-fat feed. In conclusion: high-fat diet during 30-90 days started adaptive answer in lipids of membrane and glutathione redox-system. Important mechanism of adapta-tion of a cellular membrane to high-fat diet is increase major, structuring a membrane phos-phatidylethanolamine and minor, most meta-bolic significant fractions phospholipids (phos- phatidylinositol), keeps homeostasis of 18:2n6 and 22:6n3, 20:3n9 compensatory synthesis, decrease in activity of processes lipid peroxi-dation, activation of enzymes of redox-system glutathione. But prolonging the high-fat feeding (180 days and more) formed failure compensa-tory processes (dysadaptation). It is a risk factor of developmening atherosclerosis, diabetes, steatogepatitis and other diseases.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary phospholipids on Na＋ - K＋ - ATPase activity and cell mem- brane fatty acid composition in the gill of catfish （Pangasius sutchi）. [Method]...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary phospholipids on Na＋ - K＋ - ATPase activity and cell mem- brane fatty acid composition in the gill of catfish （Pangasius sutchi）. [Method] 900 healthy catfish （1.4 ±0.08 g of average weight） were randomly divided into five groups. Dietary phospholipids level of group PL0 was 0%, and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% for group PL1, PL2, PL3, PL4, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. [Result] The results showed that the Na＋ -K＋ -ATPase activity in gill decreased gradually with the increase of the dietary phospholipids level （ P 〈0.05）. Cell membrane fatty acid composition was affected significantly by dietary phospholipids. The content of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids of group PLO was the highest （ P 〈 0.05）, however, it had the lowest content of highlyunsatu- rated fatty acids （ P 〈 0.05）. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of group 3 was higher than group 0 and group 1 （ P 〈 0.05）. E Conclusion] The results indicated that there is obvious compensation effects on Na＋ -K＋ -ATPase activity with phospholipids content changes in gills of catfish （ Pangasius sutchi） to maintain stable physiological level and normal basal metabolism and the increase of HUFA and ∑PUFA is necessary for gill cell membrane to better maintain and perform normal physiological function.展开更多
We examined the effect of dietary fats on the kinetics of liver regeneration after one-third partial hepatectomy (PH) in male Balb/c mice. Corn and olive supplemented diets were chosen as a model of n-6 and n-9 diets....We examined the effect of dietary fats on the kinetics of liver regeneration after one-third partial hepatectomy (PH) in male Balb/c mice. Corn and olive supplemented diets were chosen as a model of n-6 and n-9 diets. Phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after previous fractionation by solid-phase extraction using aminopropyl (NH2) column, and data were analysed by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Diet enriched with corn and olive oil did not affect the balance of lipid disorders during liver regeneration after 1/3 PH. Desaturases activity direction has changed depending on the used diet. The key role in the alteration of the polar fatty acids profile at all stages of liver regeneration and examined dietary fats is played by activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD).展开更多
Background: Amazonian riverside communities consume large quantities of freshwater fish, comparable to marine fish consumption of Inuit, Scandinavian and Japanese populations. Few studies have considered the relation ...Background: Amazonian riverside communities consume large quantities of freshwater fish, comparable to marine fish consumption of Inuit, Scandinavian and Japanese populations. Few studies have considered the relation of high freshwater fish consumption and intake of omega-3 fatty acids (FA). Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the profile of the concentrations of plasma phospholipid FAs and its relation with freshwater fish intake in 12 riverside communities in the Tapajós River basin (State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon). Design: This cross-sectional study included 333 adults (15 - 86 years old). Fish meal frequency was determined using a 7-day interview-administered dietary recall questionnaire. Fish were categorized as piscivorous and non-piscivorous fish on trophic level. Plasma phospholipid FAs were measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Results: Participants consumed 5 to 6 fish meals a week, with twice as many non-piscivorous fish than piscivorous fish (4.4 fish/week vs 2.2 fish/week, respectively). The omega-3 FA levels in plasma phospholipids were low (EPA + DHA = 31.21 mg/L;%EPA + DHA = 2.59%). Omega-3 FAs increased with frequency of fish intake, and particularly with piscivorous fish, controlling for sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics. DHA levels were greater in women than in men. Conclusions: Omega-3 FA in this Amazonian population increased with fish consumption, but although they consumed freshwater fish almost daily, the concentrations of omega-3 FA were relatively low and comparable to fish-eater communities for which fish is not a dietary mainstay. It is possible that nutrients present in marine, but not in certain freshwater fish species, may facilitate absorption of omega-3 FA. Sex and/or gender differences must be taken into account when assessing the relationship between fish consumption and plasma phospholipid omega-3 FA levels.展开更多
Objective: Although abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of serum and red cell membrane phospholipids of patients with type 2 diabetes are well-documented, lacking are studies of this issue in prediabetic indiv...Objective: Although abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of serum and red cell membrane phospholipids of patients with type 2 diabetes are well-documented, lacking are studies of this issue in prediabetic individuals. Materials/Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 180 subjects (30 - 80 years), 56 of whom were normal with regard to glucose control (HbA1c, 6.5%). Serum phospholipids were isolated and analyzed for fatty acids. Results: Most importantly, the fatty acid compositions of the controls and prediabetic subjects were not different for 19 fatty acids. However, the fatty acid profile of the phospholipids of the patients with diabetes differed from the other two groups;the 14 to 18-carbon saturated fatty acids were decreased by 12% - 26% whereas the unsaturated fatty acids 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 were increased by 45% - 64%. Of note, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status of individuals in all three study groups was remarkably low compared with international values, as indicated by DHA proportions in the 1.62% - 2.07% range, and there were no differences between groups. The mean melting point of the phospholipid fatty acids of the diabetic patients (32.2℃) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of the prediabetic subjects (38.1℃) and the controls (39.9℃) which were not different from each other. Conclusion: These observations indicate that the fatty acid changes associated with type 2 diabetes follow the onset of the disease as opposed to being a causative factor of poor glucose control and insulin insensitivity.展开更多
Negative energy balance in early lactating dairy cows results in a massive release of fatty acids （FA） into the blood in nonesterified fatty acids （NEFA） form. Large quantities of circulating NEFA may alter the se...Negative energy balance in early lactating dairy cows results in a massive release of fatty acids （FA） into the blood in nonesterified fatty acids （NEFA） form. Large quantities of circulating NEFA may alter the serum FA profile of phospholipids （PL） fraction, which is responsible for cellular plasma membrane integrity and intercellular signaling. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of subcutaneous fat stores, as assessed by body condition score （BCS） on a scale of one to five, around the time of calving and the subsequent lipomobilization on FA profile of serum NEFA and PL lipid fractions, and on productive performance. Based on BCS, cows were retrospectively dichotomized into two groups： over-conditioned （BCS _〉 3.25） and control （BCS _〈 3.0）. 22 cows had serum samples obtained at -28, -7, 8, 18 and 28 d relative to parturition and analyzed for the FA profile of the NEFA and PL fractions. As expected, over-conditioned cows had greater total plasma NEFA concentrations and decreased dry matter intake. Milk yield and composition did not differ between groups. More importantly however, several FA in the NEFA fraction of plasma lipids varied significantly, including C14：1, C16：0, C18：0 and C20：3n3. In the PL fraction, other FA varied significantly by BCS around time of parturition, including C16：0, C17：0, total C18：2 cis, and C20：2. In summary, BCS did affect FA profile of serum NEFA and PL lipid fractions. This may have drastic consequences for circulating immune cells and their ability to fight infection by altering their FA profile.展开更多
[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)...[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.展开更多
Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the effect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, was...Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the effect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, wasteland and forest. The BIOLOG data showed that both the average well color development of all carbon sources and the functional diversity index increased with the liming rate in the tea orchards and the forest, but decreased in the wasteland. The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） analysis showed that the structural diversity index of soil microbial community increased with the liming rate in all the tea orchards, the wasteland and the forest. Lime application also increased the soil-bacterial PLFA content in all the soils. Soil fungal and actinomycete PLFAs in the tea orchards showed an increasing trend from 0 to 3.2 g CaCO 3 /kg application and then a decreasing trend from 3.2 to 6.4 g CaCO 3 /kg application. The principal component analysis of BIOLOG and PLFA data suggested that lime application had a significant effect on soil microbial community structure, and land use had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure compared to lime application.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the project supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (No.31330060)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31301446,31371757)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No.NCET-13-0534)
文摘The bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) depends on their chemical forms. This study investigated the long-term effects of DHA-bound triglyceride(TG-DHA), DHA-bound phospholipid(PL-DHA), and the combination of TG-DHA and egg yolk phospholipid(Egg-PL) on lipid metabolism in mice fed with a high-fat diet(fat levels of 22.5%). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with different formulations containing 0.5% DHA, including TG-DHA, PL-DHA, and the combination of TG-DHA and Egg-PL, for 6 weeks. Serum, hepatic, and cerebral lipid concentrations and the fatty acid compositions of the liver and brain were determined. The concentrations of serum total triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), and hepatic TG in the PL-DHA group and the combination group were significantly lower than those in the high-fat(HF) group(P < 0.05). Atherogenic index(AI) of the PL-DHA group was significantly lower than that of the combination group(P < 0.05). Hepatic TC level in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the HF group(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the combination group and the PL-DHA group. Both the PL-DHA and the combination groups showed significantly increased DHA levels in the liver compared with the HF group(P < 0.05). However, there were no obvious increases in the cerebral DHA levels in all DHA diet groups. These results suggest that PL-DHA was superior to the combination of TG-DHA and Egg-PL in decreasing the AI. Long-term dietary supplementation with low amount of DHA(0.5%) may improve hepatic DHA levels, although cerebral DHA levels may not be enhanced.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30200164 40371063) and the Foundation for the Retuned Scholars ofZhejiang Province
文摘The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB111607)the Fujian Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists,China (2009J06010)
文摘To analyze the intrinsic relationship between rhizosphere microbial community structure and variety of rice, the microbial community structures in rhizosphere of different hybrid rice cultivars were determined with phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） analysis. Three series of new-breeding hybrid rice cultivars in China were tested in the experiment, Ilyouming 86 （II-32A/Minghui 86）, Ilyouhang 1 （II-32A/Hang 1）, and Ilyouhang 2 （II-32A/Hang 2） with H-32A as female parent, XinyouHK02 （XinA/HK02） and YiyouHK02 （YXA/HK02） with HK02 as male parent, Chuanyou 167 （ChuanxiangA/MR167） and 44you167 （Hunan44A/MR167） with MR167 as male parent. The results showed that the microbial community in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice comprised bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and protozoa, according to the 40 PLFA biomarkers detected. Bacteria were more abundant than fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere of the hybrid rice tested. Both sulfate-reducing and methane-oxidizing bacteria were found to exist in the hybrid rice rhizosphere. It was also found that the characteristics of PLFA biomarkers had correlation with the biological traits of rice. The cluster analysis suggested that microbial community structure and activity in rhizosphere were associated with genetic background of the rice cultivar.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2004CB418501)the Key Project of Environmental Protection Science of Shandong Province (No.2006007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40801088/30970166)
文摘To evaluate contamination caused by petroleum, surface soil samples were collected from both upland and paddy fields along the irrigation canals in the Hunpu wastewater irrigation region in northeast China. N-alkanes, terpanes, steranes, and phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） in the surface soil samples were analyzed. The aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration was highest in the samples obtained from the upland field near an operational oil well; it was lowest at I-3P where wastewater irrigation promoted the downward movement of hydrocarbons. The Hunpu region was found contaminated by heavy petroleum from oxic lacustrine fresh water or marine deltaic source rocks. Geochemical parameters also indicated significantly heavier contamination and degradation in the upland fields compared with the paddy fields. Principal component analysis based on PLFA showed various microbial communities between petroleum contaminated upland and paddy fields. Gram-negative bacteria indicated by 15：0, 3OH 12：0, and 16：1（9） were significantly higher in the paddy fields, whereas Gram-positive bacteria indicated by i16：0 and 18：1（9）c were significantly higher in the upland fields （p 〈 0.05）. These PLFAs were related to petroleum contamination. Poly-unsaturated PLFA （18：2ω6, 9; indicative of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria and fungi） was also significantly elevated in the upland fields. This paper recommends more sensitive indicators of contamination and degradation of petroleum in soil. The results also provide guidelines on soil pollution control and remediation in the Hunpu region and other similar regions.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Development Bureau of European Union (CⅠ1-CT93-0009), by the National Key Basic
文摘Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was used to estimate the microbial community structures of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility levels and land use histories. The total amounts of PLFAs in the soils were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass C and basal respiration, indicating that total PLFA was closely related to fertility and sustainability in these highly weathered soils. Soils for the eroded wasteland were rich in Gram-positive species. When the eroded soils were planted with citrus trees, the soil microbial population had changed little in 4 years but took up to 8-12 years before it reached a significantly different population. Multivariate analysis of PLFAs demonstrated that land use history and plant cover type had a significant impact on microbial community structure. However, the difference of soil microbial community structure in the paddy field compared to other land uses was not larger than expected in this experiment.
文摘The purpose of this study was to prepare the oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex (OAPC) and then solidify it employing fumed silica by simple solvent evaporation technique to improve dissolution rate of oleanolic acid and oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex. The process of OA-PC was optimized and the type and proportion of fumed silica were studied by dissolution text. The structures of the phospholipid complex and solidified powder were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. In the dissolution tests, OA from solidified powder was further released compared with that from pure OA and OA-PC in different kinds of dissolution media. These results suggest that the method of preparing solidified powder of oleanolic acid–phospholipid complex is suitable for enhancing the dissolution rate of OA and OA-PC.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31572634 and 31702364)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 20161205)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (Nos. 2016CYJS04A01 and 2017CXGC0106)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2017B030314052)
文摘In this study, the changes of the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in different tissues(muscle, heart, brain and spleen) of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were analyzed when the water temperature decreased gradually from 16 to 12℃℃, 8℃, 6℃, 4℃, 2 and 1℃℃. Three fish individuals each tank(average weight 70.32 g ± 9.12 g) were collected and used to analysis at each designed temperatures. At normal temperature(16℃), the fatty acid composition of phospholipid of muscle and heart was similar each other. The highest concentration of saturate fatty acids(SFA) was found in the phospholipid of spleen. The brain phospholipid contained higher oleic acid(18:1 n9) than the phospholipid of other tissues at 16℃. When the environmental temperature decreased, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids in all tissues increased, and accordingly the ratio pf the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) and unsaturation index(UI) increased, indicating that steelhead trout can compensate temperature-dependent changes in membrane fluidity by remodeling the fatty acid composition of phospholipids. The changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipid were tissue-specific. At the early stages of the experiment(16 to 8℃℃), the fatty acid composition of phospholipid changed remarkably in muscle, heart, and spleen. When temperature decreased to less than 8℃, an obvious response of phospholipid fatty acid was observed in all tissues. The change of phospholipid composition of steelhead trout tissues may be affected by both cold stress and starvation when the temperature decreased to 2℃, and the change of phospholipid composition of muscle was very obvious.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China. No. Y2005C31
文摘AIM： To prepare a complex of hyaluronic acid （HA） and phospholipids （PL）, and study the improvement effect of PL on the oral absorption of HA. METHODS： The complex of HA-PL （named Haplex） was prepared by film dispersion and sonication method, its physico-chemical properties were identified by infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The oral absorption of Haplex was studied. Thirty-two healthy rats were divided into 4 groups randomly： （1） a normal saline （NS） control group; （2） an HA group; （3） a mixture group and （4） a Haplex group. After intragastric administration, the concentration of HA in serum was determined. RESULTS： The physico-chemical properties of Haplex were different from HA or PL or their mixture. After Haplex was administered to rats orally, the serum concentration of HA was increased when compared with the mixture or HA control groups from 4 h to 10 h （P 〈 0.05）. The AAUCo-12, of Haplex was also greater than that of the other three groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The method of film dispersion and sonication can prepare HA and PL complex, and PL can enhance the oral absorption of exogenous HA.
文摘The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids.Incorporation ofω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability,suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids.This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase(EC 3.1.1.3)from Rhizomucor miehei.Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source,whileω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source.Oil enriched withω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru(Sardinella longiceps)by-product.Response surface methodology(RSM)was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors(enzyme concentration,reaction time and substrate ratio)and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure.The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors(reaction time,enzyme concentration and substrate ratio)was quadratic.The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time.Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77:1 betweenω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin,30%lipase concentration,and 24.08 h reaction time,gave 22.81%of EPA content of structured phospholipids.
文摘To evaluate the effects of high fat food consisted of tallow (19% of total diets) and cholesterol (2%) on modification of erythrocyte phospholipids, fatty acids composition and glutathione redox- system of male Wistar rats with alimentary dysli- pidemia. The results demonstrated that after 30 and 180 days of high-fat feed erythrocyte phos- phatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine levels were reduced, phosphatidylserine were in-creased. Only on the 90 days of the experiment phosphatidylinositol level increased. In all grow- ups the erythrocyte 18:0 saturated fatty acids and 20:4n6, 22:4n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased. Deficit of n3 PUFA- 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 after 90 and 180 days high fat feed promoted compensatory synthesis from 18:1n9 on 20:3n9. Erythrocyte maleic dialde-hyde increased, glutathione level decreased in all groups of rats after fed with high-fat feed. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxi-dase activity decreased in erythrocytes after 30 and 180 days of high-fat feed. In conclusion: high-fat diet during 30-90 days started adaptive answer in lipids of membrane and glutathione redox-system. Important mechanism of adapta-tion of a cellular membrane to high-fat diet is increase major, structuring a membrane phos-phatidylethanolamine and minor, most meta-bolic significant fractions phospholipids (phos- phatidylinositol), keeps homeostasis of 18:2n6 and 22:6n3, 20:3n9 compensatory synthesis, decrease in activity of processes lipid peroxi-dation, activation of enzymes of redox-system glutathione. But prolonging the high-fat feeding (180 days and more) formed failure compensa-tory processes (dysadaptation). It is a risk factor of developmening atherosclerosis, diabetes, steatogepatitis and other diseases.
基金supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2012GXNSFBA053053)The"Twelfth Five-Year"National Science and Technology Support Program ( 2012BAD25B04)Guangxi University"Student Innovation Training Program"(201152)
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary phospholipids on Na＋ - K＋ - ATPase activity and cell mem- brane fatty acid composition in the gill of catfish （Pangasius sutchi）. [Method] 900 healthy catfish （1.4 ±0.08 g of average weight） were randomly divided into five groups. Dietary phospholipids level of group PL0 was 0%, and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% for group PL1, PL2, PL3, PL4, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. [Result] The results showed that the Na＋ -K＋ -ATPase activity in gill decreased gradually with the increase of the dietary phospholipids level （ P 〈0.05）. Cell membrane fatty acid composition was affected significantly by dietary phospholipids. The content of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids of group PLO was the highest （ P 〈 0.05）, however, it had the lowest content of highlyunsatu- rated fatty acids （ P 〈 0.05）. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of group 3 was higher than group 0 and group 1 （ P 〈 0.05）. E Conclusion] The results indicated that there is obvious compensation effects on Na＋ -K＋ -ATPase activity with phospholipids content changes in gills of catfish （ Pangasius sutchi） to maintain stable physiological level and normal basal metabolism and the increase of HUFA and ∑PUFA is necessary for gill cell membrane to better maintain and perform normal physiological function.
文摘We examined the effect of dietary fats on the kinetics of liver regeneration after one-third partial hepatectomy (PH) in male Balb/c mice. Corn and olive supplemented diets were chosen as a model of n-6 and n-9 diets. Phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after previous fractionation by solid-phase extraction using aminopropyl (NH2) column, and data were analysed by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Diet enriched with corn and olive oil did not affect the balance of lipid disorders during liver regeneration after 1/3 PH. Desaturases activity direction has changed depending on the used diet. The key role in the alteration of the polar fatty acids profile at all stages of liver regeneration and examined dietary fats is played by activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD).
文摘Background: Amazonian riverside communities consume large quantities of freshwater fish, comparable to marine fish consumption of Inuit, Scandinavian and Japanese populations. Few studies have considered the relation of high freshwater fish consumption and intake of omega-3 fatty acids (FA). Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the profile of the concentrations of plasma phospholipid FAs and its relation with freshwater fish intake in 12 riverside communities in the Tapajós River basin (State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon). Design: This cross-sectional study included 333 adults (15 - 86 years old). Fish meal frequency was determined using a 7-day interview-administered dietary recall questionnaire. Fish were categorized as piscivorous and non-piscivorous fish on trophic level. Plasma phospholipid FAs were measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Results: Participants consumed 5 to 6 fish meals a week, with twice as many non-piscivorous fish than piscivorous fish (4.4 fish/week vs 2.2 fish/week, respectively). The omega-3 FA levels in plasma phospholipids were low (EPA + DHA = 31.21 mg/L;%EPA + DHA = 2.59%). Omega-3 FAs increased with frequency of fish intake, and particularly with piscivorous fish, controlling for sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics. DHA levels were greater in women than in men. Conclusions: Omega-3 FA in this Amazonian population increased with fish consumption, but although they consumed freshwater fish almost daily, the concentrations of omega-3 FA were relatively low and comparable to fish-eater communities for which fish is not a dietary mainstay. It is possible that nutrients present in marine, but not in certain freshwater fish species, may facilitate absorption of omega-3 FA. Sex and/or gender differences must be taken into account when assessing the relationship between fish consumption and plasma phospholipid omega-3 FA levels.
文摘Objective: Although abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of serum and red cell membrane phospholipids of patients with type 2 diabetes are well-documented, lacking are studies of this issue in prediabetic individuals. Materials/Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 180 subjects (30 - 80 years), 56 of whom were normal with regard to glucose control (HbA1c, 6.5%). Serum phospholipids were isolated and analyzed for fatty acids. Results: Most importantly, the fatty acid compositions of the controls and prediabetic subjects were not different for 19 fatty acids. However, the fatty acid profile of the phospholipids of the patients with diabetes differed from the other two groups;the 14 to 18-carbon saturated fatty acids were decreased by 12% - 26% whereas the unsaturated fatty acids 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 were increased by 45% - 64%. Of note, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status of individuals in all three study groups was remarkably low compared with international values, as indicated by DHA proportions in the 1.62% - 2.07% range, and there were no differences between groups. The mean melting point of the phospholipid fatty acids of the diabetic patients (32.2℃) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of the prediabetic subjects (38.1℃) and the controls (39.9℃) which were not different from each other. Conclusion: These observations indicate that the fatty acid changes associated with type 2 diabetes follow the onset of the disease as opposed to being a causative factor of poor glucose control and insulin insensitivity.
文摘Negative energy balance in early lactating dairy cows results in a massive release of fatty acids （FA） into the blood in nonesterified fatty acids （NEFA） form. Large quantities of circulating NEFA may alter the serum FA profile of phospholipids （PL） fraction, which is responsible for cellular plasma membrane integrity and intercellular signaling. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of subcutaneous fat stores, as assessed by body condition score （BCS） on a scale of one to five, around the time of calving and the subsequent lipomobilization on FA profile of serum NEFA and PL lipid fractions, and on productive performance. Based on BCS, cows were retrospectively dichotomized into two groups： over-conditioned （BCS _〉 3.25） and control （BCS _〈 3.0）. 22 cows had serum samples obtained at -28, -7, 8, 18 and 28 d relative to parturition and analyzed for the FA profile of the NEFA and PL fractions. As expected, over-conditioned cows had greater total plasma NEFA concentrations and decreased dry matter intake. Milk yield and composition did not differ between groups. More importantly however, several FA in the NEFA fraction of plasma lipids varied significantly, including C14：1, C16：0, C18：0 and C20：3n3. In the PL fraction, other FA varied significantly by BCS around time of parturition, including C16：0, C17：0, total C18：2 cis, and C20：2. In summary, BCS did affect FA profile of serum NEFA and PL lipid fractions. This may have drastic consequences for circulating immune cells and their ability to fight infection by altering their FA profile.
基金Supported by Self-funded Project of Agricultural Science and Technology of Guangxi(Z2022114).
文摘[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30671207, 30871600)the Zhejiang Provincial National Science Foundation of China(No. Y5080067)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology (No. 2008BZ04)
文摘Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the effect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, wasteland and forest. The BIOLOG data showed that both the average well color development of all carbon sources and the functional diversity index increased with the liming rate in the tea orchards and the forest, but decreased in the wasteland. The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） analysis showed that the structural diversity index of soil microbial community increased with the liming rate in all the tea orchards, the wasteland and the forest. Lime application also increased the soil-bacterial PLFA content in all the soils. Soil fungal and actinomycete PLFAs in the tea orchards showed an increasing trend from 0 to 3.2 g CaCO 3 /kg application and then a decreasing trend from 3.2 to 6.4 g CaCO 3 /kg application. The principal component analysis of BIOLOG and PLFA data suggested that lime application had a significant effect on soil microbial community structure, and land use had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure compared to lime application.
