Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulator...Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulatory elements for mild phenotypic changes has been challenging,often failing to yield significant phenotypic change(Kwon et al.,2020).This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to secure subtle phenotypic variations.Given the prevalence of gene duplication and redundancy in plant evolution,whereby multiple genes across different families may control a single function(Rodriguez-Leal et al.,2019),our approach involves editing several redundant genes within a family to precisely customize plant traits.展开更多
Objective:Calcific aortic valve disease(CAVD)affects millions of elderly people,and there is currently no effective way to stop or slow down its progression.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of CAVD is very importa...Objective:Calcific aortic valve disease(CAVD)affects millions of elderly people,and there is currently no effective way to stop or slow down its progression.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of CAVD is very important for prevention and treatment.Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)have important role in cell phenotype change.This study is aimed to confirm whether COMP participate in CAVD and try to find the possible mechanisms.Methods:Human aortic valve tissues from Nanjing First Hospital(CAVD group,n=20;control group,n=11)were harvested.The expression level of COMP was tested by western blot and immunohistochemistry.Dual immunofluorescence staining was used for locating COMP.Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP2)signalling were tested by western blot.The animal model was also used to detect COMP level by immunohistochemistry.Results:The results showed that the expression level of COMP was significantly increased in the calcific valve samples when compared with that of the control valve(P<0.05);COMP was expressed near the calcific nodules and co-localized with a-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA).The protein levels of BMP2 and p-Smads 1/5/9 were markedly more highly expressed in the CAVD group than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,immunofluorescence detection showed that COMP and BMP2 were co-located in calcific valves.Conclusions:The above results suggested that upregulation of COMP and BMP2 may be associated with aortic valve calcification and that COMP may become a potential therapeutic target in human CAVD.展开更多
基金funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants fromthe Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(2022R1C1C1002941 and RS-2024-00407469 to C.-T.K.,2020R1A2C1101915 to S.J.P.,2020R1A2C1004273 to RS-2023-00217064 to W.-J.H.).
文摘Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulatory elements for mild phenotypic changes has been challenging,often failing to yield significant phenotypic change(Kwon et al.,2020).This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to secure subtle phenotypic variations.Given the prevalence of gene duplication and redundancy in plant evolution,whereby multiple genes across different families may control a single function(Rodriguez-Leal et al.,2019),our approach involves editing several redundant genes within a family to precisely customize plant traits.
基金the general program of Science and Technology Development Foundation of Nanjing Medical University(No.NMUB2018314)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline(Laboratory)(ZDXKA2016021).
文摘Objective:Calcific aortic valve disease(CAVD)affects millions of elderly people,and there is currently no effective way to stop or slow down its progression.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of CAVD is very important for prevention and treatment.Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)have important role in cell phenotype change.This study is aimed to confirm whether COMP participate in CAVD and try to find the possible mechanisms.Methods:Human aortic valve tissues from Nanjing First Hospital(CAVD group,n=20;control group,n=11)were harvested.The expression level of COMP was tested by western blot and immunohistochemistry.Dual immunofluorescence staining was used for locating COMP.Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP2)signalling were tested by western blot.The animal model was also used to detect COMP level by immunohistochemistry.Results:The results showed that the expression level of COMP was significantly increased in the calcific valve samples when compared with that of the control valve(P<0.05);COMP was expressed near the calcific nodules and co-localized with a-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA).The protein levels of BMP2 and p-Smads 1/5/9 were markedly more highly expressed in the CAVD group than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,immunofluorescence detection showed that COMP and BMP2 were co-located in calcific valves.Conclusions:The above results suggested that upregulation of COMP and BMP2 may be associated with aortic valve calcification and that COMP may become a potential therapeutic target in human CAVD.
