Poly(phenylene oxide)(PPO)exhibits excellent dielectric properties,making it an ideal substrate for high-frequency,high-speed copper-clad laminates.The phenolic hydroxyl group at the end of PPO plays a key role in its...Poly(phenylene oxide)(PPO)exhibits excellent dielectric properties,making it an ideal substrate for high-frequency,high-speed copper-clad laminates.The phenolic hydroxyl group at the end of PPO plays a key role in its reactivity.Accurately quantifying the phenolic hydroxyl content in PPO is essential but challenging.In this study,we proposed a method for measuring the phenolic hydroxyl content of PPO using differential UV absorption spectroscopy.In alkaline solutions,the phenolic hydroxyl in PPO completely ionizes to form phenoxide ions,leading to a significant increase in UV absorbance at approximately 250 and 300 nm.Notably,the differential UV absorbance at approximately 300 nm was directly proportional to the phenolic hydroxyl concentration.Using 2,6-dimethylphenol as a standard,a calibration curve was established to relate the phenolic hydroxyl concentration to differential UV absorbance at approximately 300 nm,providing a precise and straightforward method for phenolic hydroxyl quantification in PPO with distinct advantages over conventional techniques.展开更多
Due to the endocrine toxicity,neurotoxic,and reproductive toxicity to organisms,the sources and risks of brominated organic pollutants have attracted widespread attention.However,knowledge gaps remain in the brominati...Due to the endocrine toxicity,neurotoxic,and reproductive toxicity to organisms,the sources and risks of brominated organic pollutants have attracted widespread attention.However,knowledge gaps remain in the bromination processes of emerging phenolic pollutants in plants,whichmay increase the potential health risk associated with food exposure.Our study discovered that light induced generation and accumulation of more toxic brominated organic compounds(Br-org)in lettuce leaves under the stress of acetaminophen(ACE)than that without light,as evidenced by an increase in C-Br bond intensity in FTIR analysis.This result can be explained by the oxidation of bromide ions(Br^(-))by reactive species(ROS and ^(3)Chl*)of chloroplast into reactive bromine species(RBS).The main mechanism is that the redox of Br^(-)reduced the oxidative damage of ACE to the structure and function of chloroplasts,providing good conditions for light energy uptake and utilization and promoting the increase of pigments and active species.Compared with the dark group exposed to 5 mg/L Br^(-),the pigment content,H_(2)O_(2) and ^(1)O_(2) level of the light group increased by 56%,84% and 69%,respectively.On the other hand,RBS attacks certain electrophilic organic compounds in leaves to generate Br^(-)org.Triple excited state of chlorophyll(^(3)Chl^(*))was the dominant species for the transformation of ACE,while RBS is a key factor in the generation of Br-org in the Br^(-)/light/chlorophyll system.A total of six transformation products were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,which were involved in three transformation pathways:methylation,hydroxyl oxidation and hydroxylation followed by bromination.This is the first report that Br^(-)could enter the chloroplast and improved chloroplast structure under ACE stress,and elucidated the bromination mechanism of organics in terrestrial plant involving of biophotochemical bromination in chloroplast besides enzyme-catalyzed bromination.This study is beneficial for risk assessment and prevention of emerging phenolic pollutants.展开更多
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples w...Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.展开更多
Silica gel column chromatography(CC),Sephadex LH-20 CC and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were used to study the chemical constituents of the fruits of the medicine-food plant Rubus idaeus Linnaeus.A new ...Silica gel column chromatography(CC),Sephadex LH-20 CC and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were used to study the chemical constituents of the fruits of the medicine-food plant Rubus idaeus Linnaeus.A new tetrahydrogenated naphthol syringic acid ester,named rubusnolicester(1),two new phenolic glycoside derivatives,4-chloro-2,6-dimethoxylphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)and salicylic acid-2-O-(6'-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),together with one known salicylic acid glycoside derivative(4)and three known flavonoids derivatives(5~7),were isolated.Their structures were elucidated by HRESI-MS,NMR spectroscopy,and a comparison of optical rotation(OR).Compounds 1~7 were evaluated the inhibitory activities against the nitric oxide(NO)production induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro.Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of(12.28±1.25)μmol/L.展开更多
The efficient mineralization of phenol and its derivatives in wastewater remains a great challenge.In this study,the bimetallic CuCeO_(2)-BTC was screened from a series of MOFs-derived MCeO_(2)-BTC(M=La,Cu,Co,Fe,and M...The efficient mineralization of phenol and its derivatives in wastewater remains a great challenge.In this study,the bimetallic CuCeO_(2)-BTC was screened from a series of MOFs-derived MCeO_(2)-BTC(M=La,Cu,Co,Fe,and Mn)catalysts,and the influence of the Cu/Ce ratio on phenol removal by catalytic ozonation was carefully examined.The results indicate that Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC was the best among the Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,2,and 3)catalysts,with a phenol mineralization efficiency reaching close to 100%within 200 min,approximately 30.1%higher than CeO_(2)-BTC/O_(3)and 70.3%higher than O_(3)alone.The order of mineralization efficiency of phenol was Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(3)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(1)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>CeO_(2)-BTC.CeO_(2)-BTC exhibited a broccoli-like morphology,and Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=1,2,and 3)exhibited an urchin-like morphology.Compared with Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,and 3),Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a larger specific surface area and pore volume.This characteristic contributed to the availability of more active sites for phenol degradation.The redox ability was greatly enhanced as well.Besides,the surface of Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a higher concentration of Ce^(3+)species and hydroxyl groups,which facilitated the dissociation of ozone and the generation of active radicals.Based on the results of radical quenching experiments and the intermediates detected by LC-MS,a potential mechanism for phenol degradation in the Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC/O_(3)system was postulated.This study offers novel perspectives on the advancement of MOFs-derived catalysts for achieving the complete mineralization of phenol in wastewater through catalytic ozonation.展开更多
Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural c...Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances.This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals(KCP)and their ground powders(KCPP)under varying temperatures(30℃–90℃)and times(30–180 min).The total monomeric anthocyanins(TMAC)and total phenolics(TPC)in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power.Results indicated that the optimal extraction of TMAC and TPC from KCP occurred at 90℃ for 30 min,and the resulting extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among all tested temperatures and durations.Compared to different particle sizes,the finest KCPP generally produced extracts with the highest TMAC,TPC,and antioxidant activity,due to enhanced mass and heat transfer.When compared with the acidified alcohol method,hot water extraction resulted in 68.23%and 71.41%TMAC yields for petals and powders,respectively,while TPC levels were similar or higher.TMAC or TPC showed a significantly positive correlation(p<0.01)with the antioxidant activities.These findings demonstrate that hot water extraction is a viable and environmentally friendly alternative for phytochemical recovery from KC.Additionally,elevated extraction temperature and pH accelerated anthocyanin degradation and shortened its half-life,while higher pH also lowered the activation energy,enthalpy,entropy,and Gibbs free energy.Thus,red–orange KC extracts with rich bioactivity may serve as promising ingredients for functional foods having acidic pH levels.展开更多
This study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity(AA)of different plant parts(bulbs,stalk,leaves and flowers)of wild rosy garlic(Allium roseum)from Montenegro.The flower exhibited the...This study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity(AA)of different plant parts(bulbs,stalk,leaves and flowers)of wild rosy garlic(Allium roseum)from Montenegro.The flower exhibited the highest concentration of total phenols(55.7 GAE/g d.e.),followed by the leaf(25.6mg GAE/g d.e.).The leaf displayed the highest concentration of total flavonoids(41.48 mg RE/g d.e.),followed by the flower(36.26 mg RE/g d.e.)and top part of the stalk(26.80 mg RE/g d.e.).The AA of different parts of A.roseum after 60 min of incubation decreased in the following order:flower(0.15mg/cm^(3))>upper stalk(0.32mg/cm^(3))>leaf(0.36mg/cm^(3))>basal stalk(0.80mg/cm^(3))>bulb(1.53 mg/cm^(3)).The flowers exhibited the lowest EC_(50) values,indicating the highest antioxidant potential throughout the entire incubation period.Among all plant parts analyzed,the flowers demonstrated the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),reaching 24.99 mg Fe^(2+)/g,thereby indicating their superior antioxidant potential.Given their edibility,pleasant flavor,and high nutritional value,A.roseum flowers may be considered a promising natural additive for functional food products or culinary applications,including dish enhancement and decoration.展开更多
SAPO-5 zeolite supported RuMn was a highly efficient catalyst for the aqueous-phase selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol.The optimal catalyst achieved a high cyclohexanol yield of 93.7%at full guai...SAPO-5 zeolite supported RuMn was a highly efficient catalyst for the aqueous-phase selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol.The optimal catalyst achieved a high cyclohexanol yield of 93.7%at full guaiacol conversion under mild conditions,with a high TOF of 920 h^(-1).Moreover,the catalyst displayed remarkable performance for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol,where a 100%yield of cyclohexanol was obtained at a phenol-to-Ru molar ratio of about 17900.In particular,the catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability and could be recycled for 20 times without obvious activity loss.The as-prepared RuMn/SAPO-5 catalyst exhibited higher performance than most of the reported Rubased catalysts.展开更多
Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to t...Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.展开更多
Powdery mildew of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is a destructive disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii(Castagne)U.Braun&Shishkoff.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of extracts of Ulva lactuca,Spi...Powdery mildew of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is a destructive disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii(Castagne)U.Braun&Shishkoff.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of extracts of Ulva lactuca,Spirulina platensis,and Nostoc muscorum against P.xanthii and to improve the physiological and morphological traits of cucumber under commercial greenhouse conditions.The chemical composition of the individual extracts from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum was analyzed utilizing High-performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Cucumber plants were sprayed twice with 5%of the crude extracts of U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and their mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum).The fungicide Topas 100 EC(Syngenta)was applied at the recommended dose(0.250 mL/L)only for comparison.The HPLC analysis indicated that the U.lactuca extract was the richest in phenolic compounds(605.84µg g^(−1)DW)compared to cyanobacterial extracts of S.platensis(214.77µg g^(−1)DW)and N.muscorum(462.97µg g^(−1)DW).The GC-MS spectrum analysis of methanolic extracts revealed 12 compounds in N.muscorum,11 compounds in S.platensis and 22 compounds in U.lactuca extract.In the 1st experiment,among treatments,the combined mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum)and U.lactuca extract revealed the remarkable disease reduction attained 74.35%and 71.42%,respectively.However,the highest disease reduction was attributed to fungicide Topas 100 EC with value reached 85.28%.A similar pattern of results was also noted during the 2^(nd)experiment.In both experiments,the extract of S.platensis had the lowest effectiveness in lowering the DS and AUDPC of powdery mildew disease.The combined mixture and U.lactuca extract resulted in a substantial(p<0.05)increase in plant lengths,fresh and dry weights,leaves number,fruit number,and weight and yield/plant.Cucumber plants treated with either the extract of U.lactuca or the combined mixture exhibited the highest activity(0.084 and 0.088 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for peroxidase and(1.64 and 1.62 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for catalase,respectively,in the second experiment.The greatest increase in total phenolic content(7.97 mg g^(−1)FW)was noticed in plants following treatment with the combined mixture.The treatment with U.lactuca and S.platensis revealed a significant increase in carotenoids contents,reached up to 17.99 and 17.53 mg g^(−1)FW,respectively.We,therefore,support the need for considering sustainable management of powdery mildew of cucumber using the compounds derived from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and to improve cucumber growth.展开更多
Phenolic compounds represent a broad and structurally diverse class of plant secondary metabolites with importance for both plant biology and human health.This review provides a comprehensive overview of their biosynt...Phenolic compounds represent a broad and structurally diverse class of plant secondary metabolites with importance for both plant biology and human health.This review provides a comprehensive overview of their biosynthesis,chemical diversity,multifaceted functions in plants,roles in the wider ecosystem,and significance in human nutrition and biotechnology.Primarily synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway,these compounds encompass major classes such as lignin,flavonoids,and tannins.Within the plant,they perform critical functions including providing structural support(lignin),defending against biotic stresses(e.g.,pathogens,herbivores),mediating ecological interactions(pollination,symbiosis,allelopathy),and protecting against abiotic stresses likeUVradiation and oxidative damage.Phenolic compounds extend their influence beyond the plant itself by shaping soil ecosystems through rhizodeposition,where they interact with microbial communities and nutrient cycles.At the same time,they play a central role in the health benefits of plant-rich diets,with strong epidemiological evidence linking their regular consumption to a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,cancer,and obesity.Thereviewfurther examines the significant variation of phenolic content in different food sources and explores the impact of processing methods,highlighting germination as a key strategy for enhancing the nutritional and bioactive value of cereals and legumes.Finally,the potential of phenolic compounds as a source for modern drugs and their targeted production through biotechnological approaches are discussed,underscoring their position as a cornerstone of phytochemical research with ongoing and future applications in health,agriculture,and industry.This paper employs a semi-systematic(or narrative)literature review methodology.A strategic search of key academic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant literature and highly influential works.This review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on phenolic compounds and to emphasize their undeniable impact on human health through an interdisciplinary approach.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza(S.miltiorrhiza)represents a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine,demonstrating effects on blood circulation activation and stasis removal,and has been widely utilized in asthma treatme...Salvia miltiorrhiza(S.miltiorrhiza)represents a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine,demonstrating effects on blood circulation activation and stasis removal,and has been widely utilized in asthma treatment.This study isolated a novel phenolic acid(S1)from S.miltiorrhiza and investigated its anti-asthmatic activity and underlying mechanisms for the first time.An allergic asthma(AA)model was established using ovalbumin(OVA).The mechanism of S1's effects on AA was investigated using multi-factor joint analysis,flow cytometry,and co-culture systems to facilitate clinical asthma treatment.S1(10 or 20 mg·kg-1)was administered daily to mice with OVA-induced AA(OVA-AA)during days 21-25.The study examined airway responsiveness,lung damage,inflammation,and levels of immunoglobulin E(IgE),PGD2,interleukins(IL-4,5,10,13,17A),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),GM-CSF,CXCL1,CCL11,and mMCP-1.Additionally,mast cell(MC)activation and degranulation were explored,along with T helper type 17(Th17)/Treg immune cells and TLR4 pathway biomarkers.The antagonistic activity of that specific antagonist of TLR4(TAK-242)(1μmol·L^(-1)),a specific TLR4 blocker,against S1(10μmol·L^(-1))was examined in co-cultured 16 HBE cells and bone marrow-derived cells(BMDCs)or splenic lymphocytes(SLs)induced with LPS(1μg·mL^(-1))to elucidate the TLR4 pathway's mediating role.S1 demonstrated reduced airway responsiveness,lung damage,and inflammation,with downregulation of IgE,PGD2,interleukins,TNF-α,GM-CSF,CXCL1,CCL11,and mMCP-1.It also impeded MC activation and degranulation,upregulated IL^(-1)0,and influenced Th17/Treg immune cell transformation following OVA challenge.Furthermore,S1 inhibited the TLR4 pathway in OVA-AA mice,and TLR4 antagonism enhanced S1's positive effects.Analysis using an OVA-AA mouse model demonstrated that S1 alleviates AA clinical symptoms,restores lung function,and inhibits airway response.S1's therapeutic effects occur through regulation of Th17/Treg immune cells and inflammation,attributable at least partially to the TLR4 pathway.This study provides molecular justification for S1 in AA treatment.展开更多
Gilia capitata Sims(Polemoniaceae)is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower.The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of th...Gilia capitata Sims(Polemoniaceae)is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower.The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have not been previously reported.This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts derived from different plant parts(herb,flowers,stems,roots,and fruits).HPLC analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds and 16 amino acids in the aqueous-ethanolic extracts obtained from these plant parts.The biological effects of the extracts were evaluated in vitro,including cytotoxicity,anti-inflammatory response,andwound-healing potential.The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring their effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes.Phagocytic activity was assessed using the neutral red uptake assay.HaCaT cell proliferation and migration were assessed to evaluate the wound-healing potential.Morphological changes in both cell lines were examined microscopically.Moreover,neurobehavioral effects were studied in vivo.The herb extracts significantly enhanced locomotor activity while preserving exploratory behaviour,suggesting a stimulating effect.G.capitata flower extracts caused a decrease in both locomotor and exploratory behaviour,demonstrating a moderate sedative effect.Fruit extracts significantly suppressed locomotor and exploratory activity,indicating a strong sedative effect.These findings indicated that G.capitata contains bioactive compounds with diverse pharmaceutical effects depending on the specific plant part and may have potential applications in medicine and pharmacology pending further research.展开更多
A new oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed high-order[7+3]annulation reaction ofγ-indolyl phenols as 1,7-dinucleophiles andα,β-alkynals with the aid of Sc(OTf)_(3)is reported,enabling the highly regiosel...A new oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed high-order[7+3]annulation reaction ofγ-indolyl phenols as 1,7-dinucleophiles andα,β-alkynals with the aid of Sc(OTf)_(3)is reported,enabling the highly regioselective access to unprecedented polyarene-fused ten-membered lactams bearing a bridged aryl-aryl-indole scaffold in moderate to good yields.This protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope,good compatibility with substituents and complete regioselectivity,providing an organocatalytic modular synthetic strategy for creating medium-sized lactams.展开更多
Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in...Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in regions where wheat cultivation is challenging or unfeasible.To clarify its drought adaptation mechanisms,we analyzed the effects of moderate soil drought on growth,hormonal homeostasis,and the dynamics and distribution of free amino acids and phenolic compounds in rye at early vegetative stages and post-recovery.Drought triggered both general and organ-specific changes in endogenous phytohormones.A nonspecific response involved the accumulation of stress hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA),alongside the suppression of growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins.However,hormone dynamics and localization varied across plant organs.ABA and SA levels significantly increased in shoots of drought-stressed and recovered plants,corresponding with inhibited growth.Prolonged drought further enhanced ABA accumulation in both shoots and roots of recovered plants,while SA levels declined in roots but remained elevated in shoots.Drought also caused a substantial reduction in IAA,particularly in shoots,while gibberellins(GA_(3)+GA_(4))significantly decreased in roots.GA_(3)was predominant in most samples,except in the shoots of 2-day-old control plants.Post-recovery,IAA levels increased but remained below control values,while GA_(4)accumulation in roots led to a rise in total gibberellin levels.In contrast,shoot GA_(3)+GA_(4)levels declined,primarily due to GA_(3)reduction.The dominant free amino acids:aspartic acid,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and leucinedecreased significantly,underscoring their key role in stress adaptation.Increased flavonoid accumulation,especially in roots,suggests their involvement in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.A significant increase in ABA and SA levels,along with a marked reduction in IAA and GA content in stressed rye plants occurred alongside a reduction in free amino acid content,accumulation of phenolic compounds,and an increase in flavonoid levels.These findings indicate distinct adaptation strategies in rye shoots and roots undermoderate soil drought.They provide a foundation for further research on drought resistance mechanisms in cereals and the development of strategies to enhance their adaptive potential.展开更多
1 Plant SecondaryMetabolism and Functional Biology Progress Plants have long been recognized as biochemical powerhouses,producing a vast array of compounds through their secondary metabolic pathways[1].Although histor...1 Plant SecondaryMetabolism and Functional Biology Progress Plants have long been recognized as biochemical powerhouses,producing a vast array of compounds through their secondary metabolic pathways[1].Although historically referred to as‘secondary’due to their perceived non-essential role in basic plant survival,it is now understood that these metabolites are integral to plant growth,development and adaptation to environmental challenges.Secondary metabolites,such as alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics and flavonoids,serve as critical mediators of plant-environment interactions,conferring resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors[2].Beyond their ecological functions,these compounds are invaluable to humans,supporting industries ranging from pharmaceuticals and nutrition to agrochemicals and chemical additives.展开更多
Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can ...Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.展开更多
Phenolic resin-based porous composites are the promising thermal protection materials for aerospace applications.The high-temperature evolution of microstructure due to the decomposition of the resin also presents gre...Phenolic resin-based porous composites are the promising thermal protection materials for aerospace applications.The high-temperature evolution of microstructure due to the decomposition of the resin also presents great challenges to predict the internal heat and mass transport behaviors.This work investigates the effects of microstructural characteristics such as the number of pores,size distribution,pore-throats size and volume fraction on the permeation behaviors of fluid in the needle-punched short-cut fiber reinforced silicon phenolic resin-based porous composites.The specimens are prepared by the sol-gel method and the atmospheric pressure drying process and the pyrolysis experiment are conducted at 400℃and 800℃.Then,a scanning electron microscope and a Nano-CT computer tomography are applied to obtain the surface morphologies and the interior slice images of the specimens.The AVIZO software is employed to accurately extract and analyze the pore structural model and simulated calculate the absolute permeability.It is found that the small pores develop gradually during pyrolysis due to the resin decomposition and the quartz fibers rearrangement,resulting in an increase in number of large pores.Nonetheless,the equivalent radii of most pores are less than 1μm.Very few pores possess a large radius over 5μm.However,the volume fraction of these large pores exceeds 99%.In addition,with the pore size growing,the connectivity between these pores is enhanced,immediately causing an increase in number and size of the pore-throats.Larger pore and more pore-throats would add the unblocked flow channels for the fluid passing,reducing flow resistance.The seepage simulation also confirms that the absolute permeability gains significant increase after pyrolysis in all directions.For example,the absolute permeability of the pyrolyzed sample is 9.0×10^(-13)m^(2) in X direction,which is an order of magnitude greater than that of the unpyrolyzed sample.This study provides important insights for understanding the high-temperature evolution at of microstructure and the permeation behavior of fluid in porous thermal protection materials.展开更多
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acid...Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.展开更多
Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the h...Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.展开更多
基金the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C01072)the Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou for their financial support。
文摘Poly(phenylene oxide)(PPO)exhibits excellent dielectric properties,making it an ideal substrate for high-frequency,high-speed copper-clad laminates.The phenolic hydroxyl group at the end of PPO plays a key role in its reactivity.Accurately quantifying the phenolic hydroxyl content in PPO is essential but challenging.In this study,we proposed a method for measuring the phenolic hydroxyl content of PPO using differential UV absorption spectroscopy.In alkaline solutions,the phenolic hydroxyl in PPO completely ionizes to form phenoxide ions,leading to a significant increase in UV absorbance at approximately 250 and 300 nm.Notably,the differential UV absorbance at approximately 300 nm was directly proportional to the phenolic hydroxyl concentration.Using 2,6-dimethylphenol as a standard,a calibration curve was established to relate the phenolic hydroxyl concentration to differential UV absorbance at approximately 300 nm,providing a precise and straightforward method for phenolic hydroxyl quantification in PPO with distinct advantages over conventional techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42377428 and 42077391)the National Key Research&Developmental Program of China(No.2022YFC3701301)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2020ZD34 and ZR2023YQ031)the Instrument Improvement Funds of Shandong University Public Technology Platform(No.ts20230108).
文摘Due to the endocrine toxicity,neurotoxic,and reproductive toxicity to organisms,the sources and risks of brominated organic pollutants have attracted widespread attention.However,knowledge gaps remain in the bromination processes of emerging phenolic pollutants in plants,whichmay increase the potential health risk associated with food exposure.Our study discovered that light induced generation and accumulation of more toxic brominated organic compounds(Br-org)in lettuce leaves under the stress of acetaminophen(ACE)than that without light,as evidenced by an increase in C-Br bond intensity in FTIR analysis.This result can be explained by the oxidation of bromide ions(Br^(-))by reactive species(ROS and ^(3)Chl*)of chloroplast into reactive bromine species(RBS).The main mechanism is that the redox of Br^(-)reduced the oxidative damage of ACE to the structure and function of chloroplasts,providing good conditions for light energy uptake and utilization and promoting the increase of pigments and active species.Compared with the dark group exposed to 5 mg/L Br^(-),the pigment content,H_(2)O_(2) and ^(1)O_(2) level of the light group increased by 56%,84% and 69%,respectively.On the other hand,RBS attacks certain electrophilic organic compounds in leaves to generate Br^(-)org.Triple excited state of chlorophyll(^(3)Chl^(*))was the dominant species for the transformation of ACE,while RBS is a key factor in the generation of Br-org in the Br^(-)/light/chlorophyll system.A total of six transformation products were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,which were involved in three transformation pathways:methylation,hydroxyl oxidation and hydroxylation followed by bromination.This is the first report that Br^(-)could enter the chloroplast and improved chloroplast structure under ACE stress,and elucidated the bromination mechanism of organics in terrestrial plant involving of biophotochemical bromination in chloroplast besides enzyme-catalyzed bromination.This study is beneficial for risk assessment and prevention of emerging phenolic pollutants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225605 and 22193051)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200).
文摘Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.
文摘Silica gel column chromatography(CC),Sephadex LH-20 CC and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were used to study the chemical constituents of the fruits of the medicine-food plant Rubus idaeus Linnaeus.A new tetrahydrogenated naphthol syringic acid ester,named rubusnolicester(1),two new phenolic glycoside derivatives,4-chloro-2,6-dimethoxylphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)and salicylic acid-2-O-(6'-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),together with one known salicylic acid glycoside derivative(4)and three known flavonoids derivatives(5~7),were isolated.Their structures were elucidated by HRESI-MS,NMR spectroscopy,and a comparison of optical rotation(OR).Compounds 1~7 were evaluated the inhibitory activities against the nitric oxide(NO)production induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro.Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of(12.28±1.25)μmol/L.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22206013).
文摘The efficient mineralization of phenol and its derivatives in wastewater remains a great challenge.In this study,the bimetallic CuCeO_(2)-BTC was screened from a series of MOFs-derived MCeO_(2)-BTC(M=La,Cu,Co,Fe,and Mn)catalysts,and the influence of the Cu/Ce ratio on phenol removal by catalytic ozonation was carefully examined.The results indicate that Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC was the best among the Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,2,and 3)catalysts,with a phenol mineralization efficiency reaching close to 100%within 200 min,approximately 30.1%higher than CeO_(2)-BTC/O_(3)and 70.3%higher than O_(3)alone.The order of mineralization efficiency of phenol was Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(3)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>Cu_(1)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC>CeO_(2)-BTC.CeO_(2)-BTC exhibited a broccoli-like morphology,and Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=1,2,and 3)exhibited an urchin-like morphology.Compared with Cu_(x)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC(x=0,1,and 3),Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a larger specific surface area and pore volume.This characteristic contributed to the availability of more active sites for phenol degradation.The redox ability was greatly enhanced as well.Besides,the surface of Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC exhibited a higher concentration of Ce^(3+)species and hydroxyl groups,which facilitated the dissociation of ozone and the generation of active radicals.Based on the results of radical quenching experiments and the intermediates detected by LC-MS,a potential mechanism for phenol degradation in the Cu_(2)Ce_(1)O_(y)-BTC/O_(3)system was postulated.This study offers novel perspectives on the advancement of MOFs-derived catalysts for achieving the complete mineralization of phenol in wastewater through catalytic ozonation.
基金funded by the Research Fund(Project Number 2025YB12)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2024)of Shanghai Sanda University.
文摘Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances.This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals(KCP)and their ground powders(KCPP)under varying temperatures(30℃–90℃)and times(30–180 min).The total monomeric anthocyanins(TMAC)and total phenolics(TPC)in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power.Results indicated that the optimal extraction of TMAC and TPC from KCP occurred at 90℃ for 30 min,and the resulting extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among all tested temperatures and durations.Compared to different particle sizes,the finest KCPP generally produced extracts with the highest TMAC,TPC,and antioxidant activity,due to enhanced mass and heat transfer.When compared with the acidified alcohol method,hot water extraction resulted in 68.23%and 71.41%TMAC yields for petals and powders,respectively,while TPC levels were similar or higher.TMAC or TPC showed a significantly positive correlation(p<0.01)with the antioxidant activities.These findings demonstrate that hot water extraction is a viable and environmentally friendly alternative for phytochemical recovery from KC.Additionally,elevated extraction temperature and pH accelerated anthocyanin degradation and shortened its half-life,while higher pH also lowered the activation energy,enthalpy,entropy,and Gibbs free energy.Thus,red–orange KC extracts with rich bioactivity may serve as promising ingredients for functional foods having acidic pH levels.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia with grant numbers 451-03-47/2025-01/200133 and 451-34403-47/2025-01/200189.
文摘This study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity(AA)of different plant parts(bulbs,stalk,leaves and flowers)of wild rosy garlic(Allium roseum)from Montenegro.The flower exhibited the highest concentration of total phenols(55.7 GAE/g d.e.),followed by the leaf(25.6mg GAE/g d.e.).The leaf displayed the highest concentration of total flavonoids(41.48 mg RE/g d.e.),followed by the flower(36.26 mg RE/g d.e.)and top part of the stalk(26.80 mg RE/g d.e.).The AA of different parts of A.roseum after 60 min of incubation decreased in the following order:flower(0.15mg/cm^(3))>upper stalk(0.32mg/cm^(3))>leaf(0.36mg/cm^(3))>basal stalk(0.80mg/cm^(3))>bulb(1.53 mg/cm^(3)).The flowers exhibited the lowest EC_(50) values,indicating the highest antioxidant potential throughout the entire incubation period.Among all plant parts analyzed,the flowers demonstrated the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),reaching 24.99 mg Fe^(2+)/g,thereby indicating their superior antioxidant potential.Given their edibility,pleasant flavor,and high nutritional value,A.roseum flowers may be considered a promising natural additive for functional food products or culinary applications,including dish enhancement and decoration.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY23B060006 and LY18B060016).
文摘SAPO-5 zeolite supported RuMn was a highly efficient catalyst for the aqueous-phase selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol.The optimal catalyst achieved a high cyclohexanol yield of 93.7%at full guaiacol conversion under mild conditions,with a high TOF of 920 h^(-1).Moreover,the catalyst displayed remarkable performance for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol,where a 100%yield of cyclohexanol was obtained at a phenol-to-Ru molar ratio of about 17900.In particular,the catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability and could be recycled for 20 times without obvious activity loss.The as-prepared RuMn/SAPO-5 catalyst exhibited higher performance than most of the reported Rubased catalysts.
基金supported by theUniversitasNegeri Semarang throughDPAUNNES 2024The grant number is No.271.26.2/UN37/PPK.10/2024.
文摘Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.
文摘Powdery mildew of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is a destructive disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii(Castagne)U.Braun&Shishkoff.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of extracts of Ulva lactuca,Spirulina platensis,and Nostoc muscorum against P.xanthii and to improve the physiological and morphological traits of cucumber under commercial greenhouse conditions.The chemical composition of the individual extracts from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum was analyzed utilizing High-performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Cucumber plants were sprayed twice with 5%of the crude extracts of U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and their mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum).The fungicide Topas 100 EC(Syngenta)was applied at the recommended dose(0.250 mL/L)only for comparison.The HPLC analysis indicated that the U.lactuca extract was the richest in phenolic compounds(605.84µg g^(−1)DW)compared to cyanobacterial extracts of S.platensis(214.77µg g^(−1)DW)and N.muscorum(462.97µg g^(−1)DW).The GC-MS spectrum analysis of methanolic extracts revealed 12 compounds in N.muscorum,11 compounds in S.platensis and 22 compounds in U.lactuca extract.In the 1st experiment,among treatments,the combined mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum)and U.lactuca extract revealed the remarkable disease reduction attained 74.35%and 71.42%,respectively.However,the highest disease reduction was attributed to fungicide Topas 100 EC with value reached 85.28%.A similar pattern of results was also noted during the 2^(nd)experiment.In both experiments,the extract of S.platensis had the lowest effectiveness in lowering the DS and AUDPC of powdery mildew disease.The combined mixture and U.lactuca extract resulted in a substantial(p<0.05)increase in plant lengths,fresh and dry weights,leaves number,fruit number,and weight and yield/plant.Cucumber plants treated with either the extract of U.lactuca or the combined mixture exhibited the highest activity(0.084 and 0.088 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for peroxidase and(1.64 and 1.62 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for catalase,respectively,in the second experiment.The greatest increase in total phenolic content(7.97 mg g^(−1)FW)was noticed in plants following treatment with the combined mixture.The treatment with U.lactuca and S.platensis revealed a significant increase in carotenoids contents,reached up to 17.99 and 17.53 mg g^(−1)FW,respectively.We,therefore,support the need for considering sustainable management of powdery mildew of cucumber using the compounds derived from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and to improve cucumber growth.
基金funded as a part of the institutional scientific project entitled“Treatment of seed and plantlets with wild plant-derived products”financed by Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek.
文摘Phenolic compounds represent a broad and structurally diverse class of plant secondary metabolites with importance for both plant biology and human health.This review provides a comprehensive overview of their biosynthesis,chemical diversity,multifaceted functions in plants,roles in the wider ecosystem,and significance in human nutrition and biotechnology.Primarily synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway,these compounds encompass major classes such as lignin,flavonoids,and tannins.Within the plant,they perform critical functions including providing structural support(lignin),defending against biotic stresses(e.g.,pathogens,herbivores),mediating ecological interactions(pollination,symbiosis,allelopathy),and protecting against abiotic stresses likeUVradiation and oxidative damage.Phenolic compounds extend their influence beyond the plant itself by shaping soil ecosystems through rhizodeposition,where they interact with microbial communities and nutrient cycles.At the same time,they play a central role in the health benefits of plant-rich diets,with strong epidemiological evidence linking their regular consumption to a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,cancer,and obesity.Thereviewfurther examines the significant variation of phenolic content in different food sources and explores the impact of processing methods,highlighting germination as a key strategy for enhancing the nutritional and bioactive value of cereals and legumes.Finally,the potential of phenolic compounds as a source for modern drugs and their targeted production through biotechnological approaches are discussed,underscoring their position as a cornerstone of phytochemical research with ongoing and future applications in health,agriculture,and industry.This paper employs a semi-systematic(or narrative)literature review methodology.A strategic search of key academic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant literature and highly influential works.This review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on phenolic compounds and to emphasize their undeniable impact on human health through an interdisciplinary approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32200322)Henan Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Joint Fund(No.242301420082)+1 种基金Henan Province“Science and Technology Vice General”Three-Year Action Plan(2024-2026)Henan Postdoctoral Fund(No.HN2025059)。
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza(S.miltiorrhiza)represents a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine,demonstrating effects on blood circulation activation and stasis removal,and has been widely utilized in asthma treatment.This study isolated a novel phenolic acid(S1)from S.miltiorrhiza and investigated its anti-asthmatic activity and underlying mechanisms for the first time.An allergic asthma(AA)model was established using ovalbumin(OVA).The mechanism of S1's effects on AA was investigated using multi-factor joint analysis,flow cytometry,and co-culture systems to facilitate clinical asthma treatment.S1(10 or 20 mg·kg-1)was administered daily to mice with OVA-induced AA(OVA-AA)during days 21-25.The study examined airway responsiveness,lung damage,inflammation,and levels of immunoglobulin E(IgE),PGD2,interleukins(IL-4,5,10,13,17A),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),GM-CSF,CXCL1,CCL11,and mMCP-1.Additionally,mast cell(MC)activation and degranulation were explored,along with T helper type 17(Th17)/Treg immune cells and TLR4 pathway biomarkers.The antagonistic activity of that specific antagonist of TLR4(TAK-242)(1μmol·L^(-1)),a specific TLR4 blocker,against S1(10μmol·L^(-1))was examined in co-cultured 16 HBE cells and bone marrow-derived cells(BMDCs)or splenic lymphocytes(SLs)induced with LPS(1μg·mL^(-1))to elucidate the TLR4 pathway's mediating role.S1 demonstrated reduced airway responsiveness,lung damage,and inflammation,with downregulation of IgE,PGD2,interleukins,TNF-α,GM-CSF,CXCL1,CCL11,and mMCP-1.It also impeded MC activation and degranulation,upregulated IL^(-1)0,and influenced Th17/Treg immune cell transformation following OVA challenge.Furthermore,S1 inhibited the TLR4 pathway in OVA-AA mice,and TLR4 antagonism enhanced S1's positive effects.Analysis using an OVA-AA mouse model demonstrated that S1 alleviates AA clinical symptoms,restores lung function,and inhibits airway response.S1's therapeutic effects occur through regulation of Th17/Treg immune cells and inflammation,attributable at least partially to the TLR4 pathway.This study provides molecular justification for S1 in AA treatment.
基金supported by the Estonian Research Council(ETAG)[grants number PRG1808 and PRG1223].
文摘Gilia capitata Sims(Polemoniaceae)is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower.The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have not been previously reported.This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts derived from different plant parts(herb,flowers,stems,roots,and fruits).HPLC analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds and 16 amino acids in the aqueous-ethanolic extracts obtained from these plant parts.The biological effects of the extracts were evaluated in vitro,including cytotoxicity,anti-inflammatory response,andwound-healing potential.The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring their effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes.Phagocytic activity was assessed using the neutral red uptake assay.HaCaT cell proliferation and migration were assessed to evaluate the wound-healing potential.Morphological changes in both cell lines were examined microscopically.Moreover,neurobehavioral effects were studied in vivo.The herb extracts significantly enhanced locomotor activity while preserving exploratory behaviour,suggesting a stimulating effect.G.capitata flower extracts caused a decrease in both locomotor and exploratory behaviour,demonstrating a moderate sedative effect.Fruit extracts significantly suppressed locomotor and exploratory activity,indicating a strong sedative effect.These findings indicated that G.capitata contains bioactive compounds with diverse pharmaceutical effects depending on the specific plant part and may have potential applications in medicine and pharmacology pending further research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971090 and 22271123)the NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230201)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Committee(No.22KJB150024)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Normal University(No.21XSRX010)。
文摘A new oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed high-order[7+3]annulation reaction ofγ-indolyl phenols as 1,7-dinucleophiles andα,β-alkynals with the aid of Sc(OTf)_(3)is reported,enabling the highly regioselective access to unprecedented polyarene-fused ten-membered lactams bearing a bridged aryl-aryl-indole scaffold in moderate to good yields.This protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope,good compatibility with substituents and complete regioselectivity,providing an organocatalytic modular synthetic strategy for creating medium-sized lactams.
基金This publication presents findings from research conducted under Project No.III-99-24.489Natural Growth Regulators in the Induction of Resistance of Cereal Plants to HeavyMetals(2024-2028)funded by the NationalAcademy of Sciences of Ukraine.
文摘Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in regions where wheat cultivation is challenging or unfeasible.To clarify its drought adaptation mechanisms,we analyzed the effects of moderate soil drought on growth,hormonal homeostasis,and the dynamics and distribution of free amino acids and phenolic compounds in rye at early vegetative stages and post-recovery.Drought triggered both general and organ-specific changes in endogenous phytohormones.A nonspecific response involved the accumulation of stress hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA),alongside the suppression of growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins.However,hormone dynamics and localization varied across plant organs.ABA and SA levels significantly increased in shoots of drought-stressed and recovered plants,corresponding with inhibited growth.Prolonged drought further enhanced ABA accumulation in both shoots and roots of recovered plants,while SA levels declined in roots but remained elevated in shoots.Drought also caused a substantial reduction in IAA,particularly in shoots,while gibberellins(GA_(3)+GA_(4))significantly decreased in roots.GA_(3)was predominant in most samples,except in the shoots of 2-day-old control plants.Post-recovery,IAA levels increased but remained below control values,while GA_(4)accumulation in roots led to a rise in total gibberellin levels.In contrast,shoot GA_(3)+GA_(4)levels declined,primarily due to GA_(3)reduction.The dominant free amino acids:aspartic acid,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and leucinedecreased significantly,underscoring their key role in stress adaptation.Increased flavonoid accumulation,especially in roots,suggests their involvement in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.A significant increase in ABA and SA levels,along with a marked reduction in IAA and GA content in stressed rye plants occurred alongside a reduction in free amino acid content,accumulation of phenolic compounds,and an increase in flavonoid levels.These findings indicate distinct adaptation strategies in rye shoots and roots undermoderate soil drought.They provide a foundation for further research on drought resistance mechanisms in cereals and the development of strategies to enhance their adaptive potential.
基金supported by High Level Talents Research Initiation Fund of West Anhui University(WGKQ2022025)Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province(2024zybj032)+1 种基金Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(wxxy2024011)Development of Big Data Integration and Analysis Platform for Traditional Chinese Medicine Genomics(0045025050).
文摘1 Plant SecondaryMetabolism and Functional Biology Progress Plants have long been recognized as biochemical powerhouses,producing a vast array of compounds through their secondary metabolic pathways[1].Although historically referred to as‘secondary’due to their perceived non-essential role in basic plant survival,it is now understood that these metabolites are integral to plant growth,development and adaptation to environmental challenges.Secondary metabolites,such as alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics and flavonoids,serve as critical mediators of plant-environment interactions,conferring resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors[2].Beyond their ecological functions,these compounds are invaluable to humans,supporting industries ranging from pharmaceuticals and nutrition to agrochemicals and chemical additives.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278023,22208010)S&T Program of Hebei(24464301D)SINOPEC Group(24-ZS-0447).
文摘Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.
基金supported by the Projection of State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology(20FKSY23)。
文摘Phenolic resin-based porous composites are the promising thermal protection materials for aerospace applications.The high-temperature evolution of microstructure due to the decomposition of the resin also presents great challenges to predict the internal heat and mass transport behaviors.This work investigates the effects of microstructural characteristics such as the number of pores,size distribution,pore-throats size and volume fraction on the permeation behaviors of fluid in the needle-punched short-cut fiber reinforced silicon phenolic resin-based porous composites.The specimens are prepared by the sol-gel method and the atmospheric pressure drying process and the pyrolysis experiment are conducted at 400℃and 800℃.Then,a scanning electron microscope and a Nano-CT computer tomography are applied to obtain the surface morphologies and the interior slice images of the specimens.The AVIZO software is employed to accurately extract and analyze the pore structural model and simulated calculate the absolute permeability.It is found that the small pores develop gradually during pyrolysis due to the resin decomposition and the quartz fibers rearrangement,resulting in an increase in number of large pores.Nonetheless,the equivalent radii of most pores are less than 1μm.Very few pores possess a large radius over 5μm.However,the volume fraction of these large pores exceeds 99%.In addition,with the pore size growing,the connectivity between these pores is enhanced,immediately causing an increase in number and size of the pore-throats.Larger pore and more pore-throats would add the unblocked flow channels for the fluid passing,reducing flow resistance.The seepage simulation also confirms that the absolute permeability gains significant increase after pyrolysis in all directions.For example,the absolute permeability of the pyrolyzed sample is 9.0×10^(-13)m^(2) in X direction,which is an order of magnitude greater than that of the unpyrolyzed sample.This study provides important insights for understanding the high-temperature evolution at of microstructure and the permeation behavior of fluid in porous thermal protection materials.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81503180)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021E10013)+1 种基金the Opening Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.AHYJ-KFKT-202101)the Earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.JATS[2022]460)。
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.
基金supported by Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202002AA100005,202102AE090027-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260703)+1 种基金Cassava Industrial Technology System of China(CARS11-YNTY)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)。
文摘Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.
