The degradation and nonlinear interactions of a two-breather solution of the Mel’nikov equation are analyzed.By modulating the phase shift and limit method,we prove that in different regions near the non-singular bou...The degradation and nonlinear interactions of a two-breather solution of the Mel’nikov equation are analyzed.By modulating the phase shift and limit method,we prove that in different regions near the non-singular boundaries,there are four kinds of solutions with repulsive interaction or attractive interaction in addition to the two-breather solution.They are the interaction solution between soliton and breather,the two-soliton solution,and the two-breather solution with small amplitude,which all exhibit repulsive interactions;and the two-breather solution with small amplitude,which exhibits attractive interaction.Interestingly,a new breather acts as a messenger to transfer energy during the interaction between two breather solutions with small amplitude.展开更多
Extremely large-scale massive multiple input multiple output(XL-MIMO)is a key enabling technology for future 6th generation mobile communication technology(6G)networks.However,due to challenges such as hardware impair...Extremely large-scale massive multiple input multiple output(XL-MIMO)is a key enabling technology for future 6th generation mobile communication technology(6G)networks.However,due to challenges such as hardware impairments and multipath effects,the existing channel estimation methods can not effectively deal with the phase shift issues in XL-MIMO communication systems.In this paper,a partially coherent hybrid-field channel model is proposed to effectively account for the phase shift encountered in the received signals.Based on this model,the partially coherent hybrid-field compressive phase retrieval(PCHF-CPR)algorithm is constructed to address random phase shift during hybrid-field channel estimation.Unlike traditional coherent and non-coherent estimation methods,our approach,not requiring precise phase information,can effectively address the phase shift issues in XL-MIMO communication systems.Simulation results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority over existing techniques.展开更多
We propose a novel approach for investigating the tunable Goos–H?nchen(GH)shift via an all-dielectric metasurface that incorporates phase change materials(PCMs).By introducing material asymmetry through the reconfigu...We propose a novel approach for investigating the tunable Goos–H?nchen(GH)shift via an all-dielectric metasurface that incorporates phase change materials(PCMs).By introducing material asymmetry through the reconfigurable characteristic of PCMs while maintaining fixed geometric parameters,we can achieve tunable dual quasi-bound states in the continuum with ultrahigh quality factors(Q factors).Enabled by such tunable dual modes with significant phase changes,the PCM-based metasurface exhibits giant-tunable bidirectional GH shifts compared to conventional metasurfaces.Notably,the GH shift exhibits multidimensional tunability,including PCM-driven switching(amorphous to crystalline),incident-angle dependence(θ),and wavelength selectivity(λ).The maximum observed shift reaches approximately 104 wavelengths,accompanied by a corresponding Q factor of 107.Our work demonstrates its potential for applications in ultrahigh-precision multifunctional devices,from biosensing to reconfigurable nanophotonic switches.展开更多
The exponential growth in data traffic has driven significant research into maximizing the capacity of free-space optical(FSO)communication systems.Orbital angular momentum(OAM)multiplexing offers a promising approach...The exponential growth in data traffic has driven significant research into maximizing the capacity of free-space optical(FSO)communication systems.Orbital angular momentum(OAM)multiplexing offers a promising approach by using spatially structured beams with helical wavefronts to achieve higher data transmission rates.However,conventional electronic convolutional-neural-network-based OAM demultiplexing schemes exhibit substantial computational and energy efficiency limitations.展开更多
Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are crucial in tropospheric photochemical ozone(O_(3))production and oxidation capacity.Currently,the widely used NO_(x)measurement technique is chemiluminescence(CL)(CL-NO_(x)),which tends to o...Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are crucial in tropospheric photochemical ozone(O_(3))production and oxidation capacity.Currently,the widely used NO_(x)measurement technique is chemiluminescence(CL)(CL-NO_(x)),which tends to overestimate NO_(2)due to atmospheric oxidation products of NO_(x)(i.e.,NO_(z)).We developed and characterized a NO_(x)measurement system using the cavity attenuated phase shift(CAPS)technique(CAPS-NO_(x)),which is free from interferences with nitrogen-containing species.The NO_(x)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)and CL-NO_(x)analyzers were compared.Results show that both analyzers showed consistent measurement results for NO,but the NO_(2)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CAPS)was mostly lower than that measured by the CL-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CL),which led to the deviations in O_(3)formation sensitivity regime and O_(x)(=O_(3)+NO_(2))sources(i.e.,regional background and photochemically produced O_(x))determined by the ozone production efficiencies(OPE)calculated from NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS.Overall,OPE_CL exceeded OPE_CAPS by 18.9%,which shifted 3 out of 13 observation days from the VOCs-limited to the transition regime when judging using OPE_CL,as compared to calculations using OPE_CAPS.During the observation period,days dominated by regional background O_(x)accounted for 46%and 62%when determined using NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of the CL-NO_(x)analyzer tends to underestimate both the VOCs-limited regime and the regional background O_(x)dominated days.The newly built CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer here can promote the accurate measurement of NO_(2),which is meaningful for diagnosing O_(3)formation regimes and O_(x)sources.展开更多
In-situ tensile tests were conducted on a chemically corroded third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD9 at 980 and 1100℃.The phase transformation in the surface areas during the tensile process was analyzed usin...In-situ tensile tests were conducted on a chemically corroded third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD9 at 980 and 1100℃.The phase transformation in the surface areas during the tensile process was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope,electron probe X-ray microanalysis,and transmission electron microscope.The phase transformation mechanism on the surface and the influence mechanism were studied through observation and dynamic calculation.During tensile tests at elevated temperatures,chemical corrosion promotes the precipitation of topologically close-packed(tcp)μphase andσphase on the alloy surface.Both the precipitation amount and size of these two phases on the surface at 1100℃are greater than those at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase on the alloy surface results in the formation of an influence layer on the surface area,and the distribution characteristics of alloying elements are significantly different from those of the substrate.The depth of the influence layer at 1100℃is greater than that at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase prompts the phase transition fromγphase toγ′phase around the tcp phase.展开更多
Reconfigurable surface acoustic wave(SAW)phase shifters have garnered significant attention owing to their potential applications in emerging fields such as secure wireless communication,adaptable signal processing,an...Reconfigurable surface acoustic wave(SAW)phase shifters have garnered significant attention owing to their potential applications in emerging fields such as secure wireless communication,adaptable signal processing,and intelligent sensing systems.Among various modulation methods,employing gate voltage-controlled tuning methodologies that leverage acoustoelectric interactions has proven to be an efficient modulation approach that requires a low bias voltage.However,current acoustoelectric devices suffer from limited tunability,intricate heterogeneous structures,and complex manufacturing processes,all of which impede their practical applications.In this study,we present a novel material system for voltage-tunable SAW phase shifters.This system incorporates an atomic layer deposition ZnO thin-film transistors on LiNbO_(3)structure.This structure combines the benefits of LiNbO_(3)'s high electromechanical coupling coefficient(K^(2))and ZnO's superior conductivity adjustability.Besides,the device possesses a simplified structural configuration,which is easy to fabricate.Devices with different mesa lengths were fabricated and measured,and two of the different modes were compared.The results indicate that both the maximum phase shift and attenuation of the Rayleigh mode and longitudinal leaky SAW(LLSAW)increase proportionally with mesa length.Furthermore,LLSAW with larger effective electromechanical coupling coefficients(K_(eff)^(2))values exhibits greater phase velocity shifts and attenuation coefficients,with a maximum phase velocity tuning of 1.22%achieved.It is anticipated that the proposed devices will find utility in a variety of applications necessitating tunable acoustic components.展开更多
[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau...[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.展开更多
A dual-phase synergistic enhancement method was adopted to strengthen the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)by leveraging the unique advantages of Er and TiB_(2).Spherical powders of 0.5w...A dual-phase synergistic enhancement method was adopted to strengthen the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)by leveraging the unique advantages of Er and TiB_(2).Spherical powders of 0.5wt%Er-1wt%TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr nanocomposite were prepared using vacuum homogenization technique,and the density of samples prepared through the LPBF process reached 99.8%.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of Er-TiB_(2)were investigated.The results show that Al_(3)Er diffraction peaks are detected by X-ray diffraction analysis,and texture strength decreases according to electron backscatter diffraction results.The added Er and TiB_(2)nano-reinforcing phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites during the LPBF forming process,hindering grain growth and effectively refining the grains.After incorporating the Er-TiB_(2)dual-phase nano-reinforcing phases,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the LPBF-deposited samples reach 550 MPa and 18.7%,which are 13.4%and 26.4%higher than those of the matrix material,respectively.展开更多
The copper-cerium catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).However,the mechanism governing the formation of C_(2)H_(4)and CH_(4)by regulating Cu bulk phase structure at the copper-c...The copper-cerium catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).However,the mechanism governing the formation of C_(2)H_(4)and CH_(4)by regulating Cu bulk phase structure at the copper-cerium interface remains unclear due to the instability and dynamic evaluations of copper species.Herein,we synthesized CeO_(2)-CuO containing solely Cu^(2+)species and CeO_(2)-Cu featuring predominantly metallic Cu species at the interface,which exhibit stable structures under various potentials,offering ideal models for in-depth mechanistic studies.The C_(2)H_(4)is the main product over the CeO_(2)-CuO catalyst,exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 42.3%±1.4%,while CH_(4)is the primary product over the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,with a FE of 32.4%±1.3%.These results demonstrate that regulating bulk phase Cu structure at the copper-cerium interface influences the selectivity of hydrocarbon products.The operando ATR-SEIRAS finds that CeO_(2)-CuO surfaces with single linear*CO adsorption are advantageous for synthesizing*COCO,whereas bridge-bonded*CO adsorption promoted*CHO formation.Furthermore,DFT simulations demonstrate that the energy barrier of CO-CO coupling(C_(2)H_(4)pathway)at the CeO_(2)-CuO interface decreases as compared to the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,thus indicating a facilitated conversion of the CO_(2)to C_(2)H_(4).This research deepens the mechanistic understanding of the copper-cerium system during CO_(2)RR and effectively formulates a strategy for developing high-selectivity catalysts.展开更多
As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration,the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing.Ferroelectric(FE)refrigeration technology bas...As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration,the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing.Ferroelectric(FE)refrigeration technology based on the electrocaloric effect(ECE)has emerged as a highly promising candidate in this field,due to its advantages of high energy efficiency,simple structure,easy miniaturization,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The EC performance of FE materials essentially depends on the phase transition features under the coupled electric and thermal fields,making the E–T phase diagram a core tool for decoding the underlying mechanism of ECE.This paper reviews the development of EC materials,focusing on the comprehensive study of E–T phase diagrams.By correlating the microscopic phase structure of FE materials with the macroscopic physical properties,it clarifies the manipulation mechanism for enhanced ECE performance,providing theoretical support for the targeted design of high-performance EC materials.In the future,the introduction of data-driven methods is expected to enable the high-throughput construction of FE phase diagrams,thereby accelerating the optimization of high-performance EC materials and promoting the practical application of FE refrigeration technology.展开更多
Northeast China(NEC),a critical agricultural and ecological zone,has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming,with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience.This study ut...Northeast China(NEC),a critical agricultural and ecological zone,has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming,with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience.This study utilized observational data and two new generation reanalysis products(i.e.,the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF(ERA5)and the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century(JRA-3Q))to investigate the shift changes in precipitation in NEC around 2000 and associated water vapor transport.The analysis identified a pivotal interdecadal shift in 1998/99,transitioning from moderate increases(17.5 mm/10 yr during 1980-1998)to accelerated but more variable precipitation growth(85.4 mm/10 yr post-1999).While the mean precipitation during the post-shift period decreased,enhanced anticyclonic circulation amplified moisture divergence over continental NEC,redirecting vapor flux toward coastal regions.Crucially,trajectory analysis demonstrated regime-dependent moisture sourcing:midlatitude westerlies dominated during wet extremes(44% of trajectories in 1998),whereas East Asian monsoon flows prevailed in drought years(36% of trajectories in 2007).The post-1998 period exhibited increased reliance on localized recycling(45%of mid-tropospheric trajectories),reflecting weakened monsoonal inflow.These findings highlight NEC’s growing vulnerability to competing moisture pathways and atmospheric blocking-a dual mechanism that explains rising extremes despite declining mean precipitation.By reconciling dataset discrepancies(ERA5 vs.JRA-3Q trends)and elucidating circulation-precipitation linkages,this work provides actionable insights for climate-resilient agriculture in NEC’s water-stressed ecosystems.展开更多
In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)r...In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.展开更多
Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable ene...Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend.To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers,it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’operational flexibility.Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulationwithin data centermicro-grids.This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types(long-running non-interruptible,long-running interruptible,and short-running)and develops mathematical time-shifting models for each.Additionally,this paper examines the thermal dynamics of the computer room and derives a time-varying temperature model coupled to refrigeration power.Building on these models,this paper proposes a two-stage,multi-time scale optimization scheduling framework that jointly coordinates computing workloads time-shift in day-ahead scheduling and refrigeration power control in intra-day dispatch to mitigate renewable variability.A case study demonstrates that the framework effectively enhances the renewable-energy utilization,improves the operational economy of the data center microgrid,and mitigates the impact of renewable power uncertainty.The results highlight the potential of coordinated computing workloads and thermal system flexibility to support greener,more cost-effective data center operation.展开更多
Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for enabling flexible light manipulation,with applications across diverse domains.In this work,we will demonstrate that the metasurfaces with pha...Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for enabling flexible light manipulation,with applications across diverse domains.In this work,we will demonstrate that the metasurfaces with phase gradient modulation can be used to achieve illusion optics,featuring the advantages of simple geometric structure and feasible implementation compared with the well-known transformation optics method.The underlying mechanism is the anomalous diffraction law caused by the phase gradient,which provides a theoretical basis for freely manipulating the propagation path of light.By considering a specific example,we will demonstrate that the phase gradient can transform spatial coordinates in real space into illusion space,thereby converting a plane in real space into a curved surface structure in illusion space to achieve the illusion effect.This approach provides a viable alternative to transformation optics for designing illusion devices.展开更多
The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or...The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.展开更多
Material phase-transition represents a significant phenomenon and mechanism in the context of hypervelocity protection.This study presents a thorough analysis of the phase-transition phenomena induced by shock pressur...Material phase-transition represents a significant phenomenon and mechanism in the context of hypervelocity protection.This study presents a thorough analysis of the phase-transition phenomena induced by shock pressure as the shock wave propagates initially to the rear of the projectile.The shock wave that induces a phase-transition is commonly referred to as a macroscopic phase-transition wave,whereas the interface that separates the distinct phases is referred to as macroscopic phase-boundary.The contact interface between the spherical projectile and the thin plate,characterized by its curved surface,plays a significant role in the nonlinear propagation and evolution of wave systems.The pressure distribution along the central axis of a spherical projectile is derived in accordance with the linear decay law observed for axial pressure.On this basis,a quadratic function is employed to characterize the trend of changes in wave front pressure,thereby facilitating the establishment of a model for wave front pressure distribution.Using the phase-transition pressure criterion for materials,the wave front phase evolution process is derived,and the macroscopic phase-boundary is determined.Based on the geometric propagation model(GPM)and the pressure distribution of the wave front,a phase geometric propagation model(PGPM)is proposed.The phase distribution of a spherical projectile impacting a thin plate is obtained by theoretical methods.The accuracy of the PGPM is subsequently validated through a comparison of its results with those obtained from numerical simulations.展开更多
Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the i...Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.展开更多
The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulat...The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52171251 and U21062251)Program of Science and Technology Innovation of Dalian(Grant No.2022JJ12GX036).
文摘The degradation and nonlinear interactions of a two-breather solution of the Mel’nikov equation are analyzed.By modulating the phase shift and limit method,we prove that in different regions near the non-singular boundaries,there are four kinds of solutions with repulsive interaction or attractive interaction in addition to the two-breather solution.They are the interaction solution between soliton and breather,the two-soliton solution,and the two-breather solution with small amplitude,which all exhibit repulsive interactions;and the two-breather solution with small amplitude,which exhibits attractive interaction.Interestingly,a new breather acts as a messenger to transfer energy during the interaction between two breather solutions with small amplitude.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(No.231111212500).
文摘Extremely large-scale massive multiple input multiple output(XL-MIMO)is a key enabling technology for future 6th generation mobile communication technology(6G)networks.However,due to challenges such as hardware impairments and multipath effects,the existing channel estimation methods can not effectively deal with the phase shift issues in XL-MIMO communication systems.In this paper,a partially coherent hybrid-field channel model is proposed to effectively account for the phase shift encountered in the received signals.Based on this model,the partially coherent hybrid-field compressive phase retrieval(PCHF-CPR)algorithm is constructed to address random phase shift during hybrid-field channel estimation.Unlike traditional coherent and non-coherent estimation methods,our approach,not requiring precise phase information,can effectively address the phase shift issues in XL-MIMO communication systems.Simulation results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority over existing techniques.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274225)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.NS2023056)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.B2024209014)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.JJC2024059)。
文摘We propose a novel approach for investigating the tunable Goos–H?nchen(GH)shift via an all-dielectric metasurface that incorporates phase change materials(PCMs).By introducing material asymmetry through the reconfigurable characteristic of PCMs while maintaining fixed geometric parameters,we can achieve tunable dual quasi-bound states in the continuum with ultrahigh quality factors(Q factors).Enabled by such tunable dual modes with significant phase changes,the PCM-based metasurface exhibits giant-tunable bidirectional GH shifts compared to conventional metasurfaces.Notably,the GH shift exhibits multidimensional tunability,including PCM-driven switching(amorphous to crystalline),incident-angle dependence(θ),and wavelength selectivity(λ).The maximum observed shift reaches approximately 104 wavelengths,accompanied by a corresponding Q factor of 107.Our work demonstrates its potential for applications in ultrahigh-precision multifunctional devices,from biosensing to reconfigurable nanophotonic switches.
文摘The exponential growth in data traffic has driven significant research into maximizing the capacity of free-space optical(FSO)communication systems.Orbital angular momentum(OAM)multiplexing offers a promising approach by using spatially structured beams with helical wavefronts to achieve higher data transmission rates.However,conventional electronic convolutional-neural-network-based OAM demultiplexing schemes exhibit substantial computational and energy efficiency limitations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515110526)the Key-Area Research and Development Programof Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111360003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42305096).
文摘Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are crucial in tropospheric photochemical ozone(O_(3))production and oxidation capacity.Currently,the widely used NO_(x)measurement technique is chemiluminescence(CL)(CL-NO_(x)),which tends to overestimate NO_(2)due to atmospheric oxidation products of NO_(x)(i.e.,NO_(z)).We developed and characterized a NO_(x)measurement system using the cavity attenuated phase shift(CAPS)technique(CAPS-NO_(x)),which is free from interferences with nitrogen-containing species.The NO_(x)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)and CL-NO_(x)analyzers were compared.Results show that both analyzers showed consistent measurement results for NO,but the NO_(2)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CAPS)was mostly lower than that measured by the CL-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CL),which led to the deviations in O_(3)formation sensitivity regime and O_(x)(=O_(3)+NO_(2))sources(i.e.,regional background and photochemically produced O_(x))determined by the ozone production efficiencies(OPE)calculated from NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS.Overall,OPE_CL exceeded OPE_CAPS by 18.9%,which shifted 3 out of 13 observation days from the VOCs-limited to the transition regime when judging using OPE_CL,as compared to calculations using OPE_CAPS.During the observation period,days dominated by regional background O_(x)accounted for 46%and 62%when determined using NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of the CL-NO_(x)analyzer tends to underestimate both the VOCs-limited regime and the regional background O_(x)dominated days.The newly built CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer here can promote the accurate measurement of NO_(2),which is meaningful for diagnosing O_(3)formation regimes and O_(x)sources.
文摘In-situ tensile tests were conducted on a chemically corroded third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD9 at 980 and 1100℃.The phase transformation in the surface areas during the tensile process was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope,electron probe X-ray microanalysis,and transmission electron microscope.The phase transformation mechanism on the surface and the influence mechanism were studied through observation and dynamic calculation.During tensile tests at elevated temperatures,chemical corrosion promotes the precipitation of topologically close-packed(tcp)μphase andσphase on the alloy surface.Both the precipitation amount and size of these two phases on the surface at 1100℃are greater than those at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase on the alloy surface results in the formation of an influence layer on the surface area,and the distribution characteristics of alloying elements are significantly different from those of the substrate.The depth of the influence layer at 1100℃is greater than that at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase prompts the phase transition fromγphase toγ′phase around the tcp phase.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:62122004 and 62274082)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z210006)+5 种基金Hong Kong Research Grant Council(Grant Nos.27206321,17205922,17212923,C1009-22G and T45-701/22-R)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(SGDX20220530111405040,JCYJ20220530115411025 and JCYJ20210324120409025)Research on mechanism of source/drain ohmic contact and the related Ga N p-FET(Grant No:2023A1515030034)Research on high-reliable Ga N power device and the related industrial power system(Grant No:HZQB-KCZYZ-2021052)supported by ACCESS-AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems,sponsored by Innovation and Technology Fund(ITF),Hong Kong SARthe assistance of SUSTech Core Research Facilities。
文摘Reconfigurable surface acoustic wave(SAW)phase shifters have garnered significant attention owing to their potential applications in emerging fields such as secure wireless communication,adaptable signal processing,and intelligent sensing systems.Among various modulation methods,employing gate voltage-controlled tuning methodologies that leverage acoustoelectric interactions has proven to be an efficient modulation approach that requires a low bias voltage.However,current acoustoelectric devices suffer from limited tunability,intricate heterogeneous structures,and complex manufacturing processes,all of which impede their practical applications.In this study,we present a novel material system for voltage-tunable SAW phase shifters.This system incorporates an atomic layer deposition ZnO thin-film transistors on LiNbO_(3)structure.This structure combines the benefits of LiNbO_(3)'s high electromechanical coupling coefficient(K^(2))and ZnO's superior conductivity adjustability.Besides,the device possesses a simplified structural configuration,which is easy to fabricate.Devices with different mesa lengths were fabricated and measured,and two of the different modes were compared.The results indicate that both the maximum phase shift and attenuation of the Rayleigh mode and longitudinal leaky SAW(LLSAW)increase proportionally with mesa length.Furthermore,LLSAW with larger effective electromechanical coupling coefficients(K_(eff)^(2))values exhibits greater phase velocity shifts and attenuation coefficients,with a maximum phase velocity tuning of 1.22%achieved.It is anticipated that the proposed devices will find utility in a variety of applications necessitating tunable acoustic components.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12405168)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2024CDJXY004)。
文摘[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.
基金Shaanxi Province Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(2022KXJ-071)2022 Qin Chuangyuan Achievement Transformation Incubation Capacity Improvement Project(2022JH-ZHFHTS-0012)+8 种基金Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan-“Two Chains”Integration Key Project-Qin Chuangyuan General Window Industrial Cluster Project(2023QCY-LL-02)Xixian New Area Science and Technology Plan(2022-YXYJ-003,2022-XXCY-010)2024 Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi National Defense Industry Vocational and Technical College(Gfy24-07)Shaanxi Vocational and Technical Education Association 2024 Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research Topic(2024SZX354)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20115)2024 Shaanxi Provincial Education Department Service Local Special Scientific Research Program Project-Industrialization Cultivation Project(24JC005,24JC063)Shaanxi Province“14th Five-Year Plan”Education Science Plan,2024 Project(SGH24Y3181)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4606400)Longmen Laboratory Frontier Exploration Topics Project(LMQYTSKT003)。
文摘A dual-phase synergistic enhancement method was adopted to strengthen the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)by leveraging the unique advantages of Er and TiB_(2).Spherical powders of 0.5wt%Er-1wt%TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr nanocomposite were prepared using vacuum homogenization technique,and the density of samples prepared through the LPBF process reached 99.8%.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of Er-TiB_(2)were investigated.The results show that Al_(3)Er diffraction peaks are detected by X-ray diffraction analysis,and texture strength decreases according to electron backscatter diffraction results.The added Er and TiB_(2)nano-reinforcing phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites during the LPBF forming process,hindering grain growth and effectively refining the grains.After incorporating the Er-TiB_(2)dual-phase nano-reinforcing phases,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the LPBF-deposited samples reach 550 MPa and 18.7%,which are 13.4%and 26.4%higher than those of the matrix material,respectively.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22302222, 22072172)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024T170965, 2023M743641)+5 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (Y2021056)Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (YLU-DNL Fund 2022007)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Shanxi Province (202005D121002)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province (202304051001007)the Science and Technology Department of Shanxi Province (202303021222409)the Shanxi Provincial Department of Human and Social Resources Security’s Doctor Introduction Program (2024SHB001)
文摘The copper-cerium catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).However,the mechanism governing the formation of C_(2)H_(4)and CH_(4)by regulating Cu bulk phase structure at the copper-cerium interface remains unclear due to the instability and dynamic evaluations of copper species.Herein,we synthesized CeO_(2)-CuO containing solely Cu^(2+)species and CeO_(2)-Cu featuring predominantly metallic Cu species at the interface,which exhibit stable structures under various potentials,offering ideal models for in-depth mechanistic studies.The C_(2)H_(4)is the main product over the CeO_(2)-CuO catalyst,exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 42.3%±1.4%,while CH_(4)is the primary product over the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,with a FE of 32.4%±1.3%.These results demonstrate that regulating bulk phase Cu structure at the copper-cerium interface influences the selectivity of hydrocarbon products.The operando ATR-SEIRAS finds that CeO_(2)-CuO surfaces with single linear*CO adsorption are advantageous for synthesizing*COCO,whereas bridge-bonded*CO adsorption promoted*CHO formation.Furthermore,DFT simulations demonstrate that the energy barrier of CO-CO coupling(C_(2)H_(4)pathway)at the CeO_(2)-CuO interface decreases as compared to the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,thus indicating a facilitated conversion of the CO_(2)to C_(2)H_(4).This research deepens the mechanistic understanding of the copper-cerium system during CO_(2)RR and effectively formulates a strategy for developing high-selectivity catalysts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U25A20232,52325208,52173217,52202128)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Grant No.FRF-IDRY24-002)。
文摘As electronic technology continues to evolve towards miniaturization and integration,the demand for micro-refrigeration technology in microelectronic systems is increasing.Ferroelectric(FE)refrigeration technology based on the electrocaloric effect(ECE)has emerged as a highly promising candidate in this field,due to its advantages of high energy efficiency,simple structure,easy miniaturization,low cost,and environmental friendliness.The EC performance of FE materials essentially depends on the phase transition features under the coupled electric and thermal fields,making the E–T phase diagram a core tool for decoding the underlying mechanism of ECE.This paper reviews the development of EC materials,focusing on the comprehensive study of E–T phase diagrams.By correlating the microscopic phase structure of FE materials with the macroscopic physical properties,it clarifies the manipulation mechanism for enhanced ECE performance,providing theoretical support for the targeted design of high-performance EC materials.In the future,the introduction of data-driven methods is expected to enable the high-throughput construction of FE phase diagrams,thereby accelerating the optimization of high-performance EC materials and promoting the practical application of FE refrigeration technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42275185 and 42205032]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number B250201118]。
文摘Northeast China(NEC),a critical agricultural and ecological zone,has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming,with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience.This study utilized observational data and two new generation reanalysis products(i.e.,the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF(ERA5)and the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century(JRA-3Q))to investigate the shift changes in precipitation in NEC around 2000 and associated water vapor transport.The analysis identified a pivotal interdecadal shift in 1998/99,transitioning from moderate increases(17.5 mm/10 yr during 1980-1998)to accelerated but more variable precipitation growth(85.4 mm/10 yr post-1999).While the mean precipitation during the post-shift period decreased,enhanced anticyclonic circulation amplified moisture divergence over continental NEC,redirecting vapor flux toward coastal regions.Crucially,trajectory analysis demonstrated regime-dependent moisture sourcing:midlatitude westerlies dominated during wet extremes(44% of trajectories in 1998),whereas East Asian monsoon flows prevailed in drought years(36% of trajectories in 2007).The post-1998 period exhibited increased reliance on localized recycling(45%of mid-tropospheric trajectories),reflecting weakened monsoonal inflow.These findings highlight NEC’s growing vulnerability to competing moisture pathways and atmospheric blocking-a dual mechanism that explains rising extremes despite declining mean precipitation.By reconciling dataset discrepancies(ERA5 vs.JRA-3Q trends)and elucidating circulation-precipitation linkages,this work provides actionable insights for climate-resilient agriculture in NEC’s water-stressed ecosystems.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-KST-25-001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L253029)。
文摘In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.
基金supported by Science and Technology Standard Project of Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute(ER11301W,ER11811W).
文摘Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend.To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers,it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’operational flexibility.Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulationwithin data centermicro-grids.This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types(long-running non-interruptible,long-running interruptible,and short-running)and develops mathematical time-shifting models for each.Additionally,this paper examines the thermal dynamics of the computer room and derives a time-varying temperature model coupled to refrigeration power.Building on these models,this paper proposes a two-stage,multi-time scale optimization scheduling framework that jointly coordinates computing workloads time-shift in day-ahead scheduling and refrigeration power control in intra-day dispatch to mitigate renewable variability.A case study demonstrates that the framework effectively enhances the renewable-energy utilization,improves the operational economy of the data center microgrid,and mitigates the impact of renewable power uncertainty.The results highlight the potential of coordinated computing workloads and thermal system flexibility to support greener,more cost-effective data center operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12274313 and 62375234)the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Grant No.ZXL2024400)。
文摘Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for enabling flexible light manipulation,with applications across diverse domains.In this work,we will demonstrate that the metasurfaces with phase gradient modulation can be used to achieve illusion optics,featuring the advantages of simple geometric structure and feasible implementation compared with the well-known transformation optics method.The underlying mechanism is the anomalous diffraction law caused by the phase gradient,which provides a theoretical basis for freely manipulating the propagation path of light.By considering a specific example,we will demonstrate that the phase gradient can transform spatial coordinates in real space into illusion space,thereby converting a plane in real space into a curved surface structure in illusion space to achieve the illusion effect.This approach provides a viable alternative to transformation optics for designing illusion devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42171135)the Science and Technology Program of CNOOC Research Institute(Grant No.2023OTKK03)the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Project No.2022098).
文摘The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12432018,12372346)the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12221002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12302493)。
文摘Material phase-transition represents a significant phenomenon and mechanism in the context of hypervelocity protection.This study presents a thorough analysis of the phase-transition phenomena induced by shock pressure as the shock wave propagates initially to the rear of the projectile.The shock wave that induces a phase-transition is commonly referred to as a macroscopic phase-transition wave,whereas the interface that separates the distinct phases is referred to as macroscopic phase-boundary.The contact interface between the spherical projectile and the thin plate,characterized by its curved surface,plays a significant role in the nonlinear propagation and evolution of wave systems.The pressure distribution along the central axis of a spherical projectile is derived in accordance with the linear decay law observed for axial pressure.On this basis,a quadratic function is employed to characterize the trend of changes in wave front pressure,thereby facilitating the establishment of a model for wave front pressure distribution.Using the phase-transition pressure criterion for materials,the wave front phase evolution process is derived,and the macroscopic phase-boundary is determined.Based on the geometric propagation model(GPM)and the pressure distribution of the wave front,a phase geometric propagation model(PGPM)is proposed.The phase distribution of a spherical projectile impacting a thin plate is obtained by theoretical methods.The accuracy of the PGPM is subsequently validated through a comparison of its results with those obtained from numerical simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304111,62304110,22579136)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0201800)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761492)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GDX2022010009,GZR2023010046)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223053)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu(Science and Technology Cooperation Project of HongKong,Macao and Taiwan,No.BZ2023059)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22jSY015)Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202313020)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems(No.2023B1212010003).
文摘Surface passivation via two-dimensional(2D)perovskite has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to the effective compensation of interfacial states.However,the in situ grown 2D perovskite passivation layers typically comprise a mixture of multiple dimensionalities at the interface,where band alignment has only been portrayed qualitatively and empirically.Herein,the interface states for precisely phase-tailored 2D perovskite passivated PSCs are quantitatively investigated.In comparison to traditional passivation molecules,2D perovskite layers based on 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylethylammonium iodide(CF3PEAI)exhibit an increased work function,introducing desirable downward band bending to eliminate the Schottky Barrier.Furthermore,precisely phase-tailored 2D layers could modulate the interface trap density and energetics.The n=1 film delivers optimal performance with a hole extraction efficiency of 95.1%.The optimized n-i-p PSCs in the two-step method significantly improve PCE to 25.40%,along with enhanced photostability and negligible hysteresis.It highlights that tailoring in the composition and phase distribution of the 2D perovskite layer could modulate the interface states at the 2D/3D interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)the Science and Technology Development Fund+2 种基金Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)。
文摘The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.
