Methods allowing passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)to be carried out in an energy-efficient and scalable way are potentially important for various disciplines.Here,we report a sustainable strategy for scalable-de...Methods allowing passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)to be carried out in an energy-efficient and scalable way are potentially important for various disciplines.Here,we report a sustainable strategy for scalable-designed and color-regulating PDRC coating based on high-crystallinity photonic metamaterial(crystallinity:71.5%;enhanced assembly efficiency:72%),that is derived from the as-prepared 55 wt%solid content poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid)P(MMA-BA-MAA)monodispersed latexes(approaching theoretical limit:59 wt%).Robust meter-scale PDRC coatings are constructed by various industrial modes onto diverse surfaces,addressing bottlenecks like dull appearance,high cost,low efficiency,and hard construction.Notably,the solar reflectance,long-wave infrared emittance,and calculated theoretical cooling power of the designed PDRC coating,respectively,reach~0.94,~0.97,and~95.5 W m^(-2)under solar radiation,which can achieve an average 5.3℃ sub-ambient daytime temperature drop in the summer in Nanjing.The cooling performance,scale preparation,and cost-effectiveness of the PDRC coating have extended into leading position compared with those of state-of-the-art designs.This work provides promising route to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption for global sustainability.展开更多
The sluggish Li^(+)migration kinetics and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface severely hinder the commercial application of high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,an artificial protective layer is ...The sluggish Li^(+)migration kinetics and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface severely hinder the commercial application of high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,an artificial protective layer is constructed using zwitterionic covalent organic framework(Z-COF)simultaneously containing sulfonate and ethidium groups,aiming to facilitate rapid,uniform Li^(+)transport and stabilize anode interface.The sulfonate groups with high lithiophilicity provide abundant hopping sites for fast Li^(+)diffusion.The ethidium cations immobilize TFSI-and solvent molecules by ion-dipole interactions,which accelerate the dissociation of LiTFSI and Li^(+)desolvation.Moreover,the monodispersed zwitterionic units coupling with ordered micropore structures in Z-COF create exclusive Li^(+)migration channels,modulate homogeneous space charge distribution,kinetically facilitating uniform Li^(+)deposition.Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that C-F and S-N bonds of TFSI-exhibit enhanced cleavage susceptibility driven by electrostatic attraction,realizing a LiF/Li_(3)N-rich electrolyte/electrode interface.The designed Z-COF protection layer enables Li|Li symmetrical cells stable cycling over 6300 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)/2 mAh cm^(-2).The Z-COF@Li|LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cells deliver high-capacity retention of 85.2%after 1000 cycles at 8 C.The assembled Z-COF@Li|LFP pouch cells demonstrate a lifespan of more than 240 cycles.This work provides fresh insights into the practical application of zwitterionic COF in next-generation LMBs.展开更多
The pore structure and pseudo-graphitic phase(domain size and content)of a hard carbon anode play key roles in improving the plateau capacity of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),while it is hard to regulate them effectively...The pore structure and pseudo-graphitic phase(domain size and content)of a hard carbon anode play key roles in improving the plateau capacity of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),while it is hard to regulate them effectively and simultaneously.This study delves into the synthesis of hard carbons with tailored microstructures from esterified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na).The hard carbon(EHC-500)with maximized pseudo-graphitic content(73%)and abundant uniformly dispersed closed pores was fabricated,which provides sufficient active sites for sodium ion intercalation and pore filling.Furthermore,minimized lateral width(L_(a))of pseudo-graphitic domains in EHC-500 is simultaneously realized to improve the accessibility of sodium ions to the intercalation sites and filling sites.Therefore,the optimized microstructure of EHC-500 contributes to a remarkable reversible capacity of 340 mAh/g with a high plateau capacity of 236.7 mAh/g(below 0.08 V).These findings underscore the pivotal role of microcrystalline structure and pore structure in the electrochemical performance of hard carbons and provide a novel route to guide the design of hard carbons with optimal microstructures towards enhanced sodium storage performance.展开更多
Non-metallic inclusions in steel are a significant challenge,affecting material properties and leading to issues such as stress concentration,cracking,and accelerated corrosion.Current methods for removing inclusions,...Non-metallic inclusions in steel are a significant challenge,affecting material properties and leading to issues such as stress concentration,cracking,and accelerated corrosion.Current methods for removing inclusions,including bubble,electromagnetic stirring,filtration separation,fluid flow,and sedimentation,often struggle with the removal of fine inclusions.Apart from these known methods,pulsed electric current(PEC),as an emerging technology,has demonstrated immense potential and environmental advantages.PEC offers adjustable current parameters and simple equipment,making it an attractive alternative to traditional methods.Its green energy-saving features and excellent results in regulating inclusion morphology and migration,as well as inhibiting submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging,make it a promising technology.In comparison to continuous current technology,PEC has shown significant advantages in regulating inclusions,not only improving purification efficiency but also demonstrating outstanding performance in flow stability and energy consumption.The ability of PEC to efficiently reduce inclusion numbers enhances the purity and quality of molten steel,improving its mechanical properties.Currently,the theoretical basis for controlling the movement of inclusions by current is mainly composed of three major theories:the double electric layer theory,electromagnetic force reverse separation theory,and electric free energy drive theory.These theories together form an important framework for researchers to understand and optimize the behavior of impurity movement controlled by electric current.Looking ahead,PEC is expected to pave the way for new solutions in directional regulation of inclusion migration,efficient inclusion removal,SEN clogging prevention,and the purification of molten steel.展开更多
Catalyst-aided regeneration is a promising method for reducing the high regeneration energy consumption of amine-based CO_(2)capture technologies.However,the intrinsic relationship between the properties of the acidic...Catalyst-aided regeneration is a promising method for reducing the high regeneration energy consumption of amine-based CO_(2)capture technologies.However,the intrinsic relationship between the properties of the acidic sites and their catalytic activity is controversial.In this study,a series of W-based catalysts supported by ZrTiO_(x)were synthesised,and the effects of the intensity,distribution,and type of acid sites were systematically investigated by quantitatively regulating the acidic site properties.The results indicate stronger acidic sites play a more important role in the catalytic reaction.Moreover,the catalysts showed excellent performance only if the Br?nsted acid sites(BASs)and Lewis acid sites(LASs)coexisted.During the catalytic reaction,the BASs facilitated deprotonation,and the LASs promoted the decomposition of carbamates.The ratio of BASs to LASs(B/L)was a critical factor for catalytic activity,wherein optimal performance was achieved when the B/L ratio was close to 1.The 10%HPW/ZrTiO_(x)composite performed better than WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x)and HSiW/ZrTiO_(x)because it had a stronger acid intensity and a suitable B/L ratio.As a result,the relative heat duty was reduced by 47%compared to 30%aqueous MEA,and the maximum CO_(2)desorption rate was increased by 83%.The Bader charge indicated that the W atoms of HPW/ZrTiO_(x)lost more electrons(0.18)than those of WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x),which can weaken the O±H bond energy.Consequently,the calculated deprotonation energy is as low as 257 kJ mol^(-1)for HPW/ZrTiO_(x).展开更多
Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a pressing global health issue,exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human,animal,and plant sectors.The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spre...Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a pressing global health issue,exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human,animal,and plant sectors.The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spread due to the contamination from resistant bacteria,resistance genes,and antimicrobial residues from various sources.In Thailand,the regulatory framework that can reinforce AMR mitigation in environmental settings remains underdeveloped.This study aims to analyse the existing regulatory framework for environmental AMR control by identifying regulatory gaps and assessing the challenges of implementing these regulations.Methods:A qualitative approach was employed,combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants from diverse regulatory sectors,including the ministries of health,agriculture,and environment.This included multi-level stakeholders at national,provincial,and local levels,as well as selected farmers.Content analysis of interview transcripts and regulatory documents was performed to triangulate findings on regulatory gaps and implementation barriers.Results:The study identified five regulatory categories governing water contamination across settings:rivers/canals,hospital wastewater,household wastewater,industrial waste(including pharmaceuticals),and animal farms.While the regulatory frameworks guide pollution standards,regulations lack provisions specific to AMR,highlighting a significant gap in AMR oversight and data on AMR pathogens in environmental wastewater.Key barriers include insufficient incorporation of AMR indicators in routine monitoring,limited enforcement,and inadequate technical and budgetary support.Conclusion:Thailand's current environmental AMR framework lacks comprehensive AMR-specific regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms.Addressing these gaps requires multi-sectoral coordination,enhanced funding,and capacity-building initiatives.By prioritizing indicator development and establishing AMR-focused policies,Thailand can enhance its environmental AMR control measures and contribute to global AMR mitigation efforts.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's most important staple crops,and is used for manufacturing food,feed,and industrial products.A key factor in maize yield is the grain weight,which directly influences product...Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's most important staple crops,and is used for manufacturing food,feed,and industrial products.A key factor in maize yield is the grain weight,which directly influences productivity.In this study,we revealed the role of smk23 in maize kernel development.The ethyl methanesulfonate mutant smk23 is characterized by substantially reduced kernel weight.Through map-based cloning,smk23 was found to be located on Chr5 and encode a putative B-type response regulator,Zm RR5.A change from G to A occurs in the coding sequence of Zm RR5,resulting in the early termination of smk23.In Arabidopsis,B-type response regulators are involved in cytokinin signaling.Histological analysis and in situ hybridization of the mutant revealed abnormal endosperm development,particularly in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL),a specialized tissue critical for nutrient transport from the maternal tissues to the developing kernel.Zm RR5 positively regulates key genes involved in BETL development and function,including MRP1 and TCRR1.Furthermore,RNA sequencing revealed that several genes closely linked to BETL development,including BETL2,MEG1,and MN1,were significantly downregulated in smk23.These genes are essential for nutrient transport,tissue development and signal transduction.In addition,haploid analysis of Zm RR5 revealed natural variations(Hap 2)that may contribute to the increased kernel yield.Disruption of Zm RR5 function in smk23 leads to defects in BETL development,impairing its ability to transport nutrients,and ultimately resulting in a smaller kernel size.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms through which Zm RR5 regulates maize kernel development and offers potential strategies for improving grain yield.展开更多
Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase t...Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoters.σ^(70) factors also regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response and virulence.However,the role of RpoD in Xoo is still unclear.In this study,we found thatσ^(70) factor RpoD is quite conservative among phytopathogenic bacteria,especially in Xanthomonas sp.In Xoo,PXO_RpoD plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance and cell motility,as well as being essential for full virulence.Cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)analyses indicated that RpoD mediates the type three secretion system(T3SS)by regulating the regulation of hrpG and hrpX.By performing bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility assay(EMSA),we observed that RpoD directly bound to the promoters of hrpG and hrpX.Collectively,these results demonstrate the transcriptional mechanism and pathogenic functions of RpoD in regulating cell motility and oxidative stress response,providing novel insights into potential targets for disease control.展开更多
Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors,and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthoc...Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors,and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation,but the functional differences of homologous MYB transcription factors in regulating anthocyanin content are still unclear.In strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 are highly homologous MYB transcription factors localized in the nucleus and can be significantly induced by weak light.However,they differ in their effects on anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits.FaMYB44.1 inhibits anthocyanin synthesis by transcriptionally suppressing FaF3H,which is essential for anthocyanin regulation,in the‘BeniHoppe'and‘JianDe-Hong'strawberry varieties.In contrast,FaMYB44.3 does not affect anthocyanin levels.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 in anthocyanin regulation in strawberry fruits.By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation,this study enhances our understanding of how the interactions between genetic and environmental factors control fruit pigmentation and enhance the nutritional value of the fruit.展开更多
All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses.However,the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn^(2...All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses.However,the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and uncontrolled crystallization kinetics in Sn-Pb perovskites,leading to nonradiative recombination and compositional heterogeneity to decrease photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability.Herein,we introduced an ionic liquid additive,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMIMI) into Sn-Pb perovskite precursor to form low-dimensional Sn-rich/pure-Sn perovskites at grain boundaries,which mitigates oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and regulates the film-forming dynamics of Sn/Pb-based perovskite films.The optimized single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite devices incorporating EMIMI achieved a high efficiency of 22.87%.Furthermore,combined with wide-bandgap perovskite sub-cells in tandem device,we demonstrate 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 28.34%,achieving improved operational stability.展开更多
Polysynthetic twinned(PST)TiAl single crystal specifically refers to a fully lamellar TiAl single crystal with parallel phase interfaces and twin interfaces grown by directional solidification.In this paper,PST single...Polysynthetic twinned(PST)TiAl single crystal specifically refers to a fully lamellar TiAl single crystal with parallel phase interfaces and twin interfaces grown by directional solidification.In this paper,PST single crystals with different phase ratios are obtained by annealing at specific temperatures and holding times.The results show that the diffusion rates of Ti and Al elements at various temperatures directly trigger and propel the surface recrystallization and variation in the internal phase ratio.When the temperature is lower than 1448 K,the diffusion rate of Ti is obviously higher than that of Al,which causes one denseα_(2)recrystallized layer to form on the surface of TiAl single crystals.Meanwhile,as more Ti elements migrate to the surface,theα_(2)phase ratio inside the TiAl single crystal thereby decreases.When the temperature exceeds 1448 K,the diffusion rate of Al gradually reverses to exceed that of Ti,which forms the surface sandwiched recrystallization dominated byγphase and simultaneously increasesα_(2)phase ratio inside the TiAl single crystal.The variation in the two-phase ratio directly induces a significant change in the lamellae thickness,which exhibits different tensile behaviors of PST-TiAl single crystal.When theα_(2)phase content is less than 20%,widerγlamellae make it easier for dislocations to be activated within its lamellae and continuously move across theγ/α_(2)interfaces,thereby obtaining better tensile plasticity.As theα_(2)phase content exceeds 30%,finerγlamellae inhibit the dislocation initiation,resulting in the fracture occurrence of TiAl single crystal before yielding.No matter how the phase ratio changes,the crack preferentially initiates withinα_(2)lamellae.However,the crack propagation follows different paths based on variousγlamella thicknesses.The fracture mode of PST-TiAl single crystal also changes from shear fracture along slip bands within theγlamella to brittle fracture along the{1¯100}planes withinα_(2)lamella.展开更多
In photothermal power(solar energy)generation systems,purging residual molten salt from pipelines using highpressure gas poses a significant challenge,particularly in clearing the bottom of regulating valves.Ineffecti...In photothermal power(solar energy)generation systems,purging residual molten salt from pipelines using highpressure gas poses a significant challenge,particularly in clearing the bottom of regulating valves.Ineffective purging can lead to crystallization of the molten salt,resulting in blockages.To address this issue,understanding the gas-liquid two-phase flow dynamics during high-pressure gas purging is crucial.This study utilizes the Volume of Fluid(VOF)model and adaptive dynamic grids to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow during the purging process in a DN50 PN50 conventional molten salt regulating valve.Initially,the reliability of the CFD simulations is validated through comparisons with experimental data and findings from the literature.Subsequently,simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of various factors,including purge flow rates,initial liquid accumulation masses,purge durations,and the profiles of the valve bottom flow channels.The results indicate that the purging process comprises four distinct stages:Initial violent surge stage,liquid discharge stage,liquid partial fallback stage,liquid dissipation stage.For an initial liquid height of 17 mm at the bottom of the valve,the critical purge flow rate lies between 3 and 5 m/s.Notably,the critical purge flow rate is independent of the initial liquid accumulation mass.As the purge gas flow rate increases,the volume of liquid discharged also increases.Beyond the critical purge flow rate,higher purge gas velocities lead to shorter purge durations.Interestingly,the residual liquid mass after purging remains unaffected by the initial liquid accumulation.Additionally,the flow channel profile at the bottom of the valve significantly influences both the critical purge speed and the efficiency of the purging process.展开更多
Sulfur was typically regarded as a poison to precious metal complex catalysts in hydroformylation of olefins.However,the combination of sulfur and phosphine may present an intriguing interaction with heterogeneous mon...Sulfur was typically regarded as a poison to precious metal complex catalysts in hydroformylation of olefins.However,the combination of sulfur and phosphine may present an intriguing interaction with heterogeneous mononuclear complex due to the difference of their electronegativities,and coordination capabilities.Herein,we report a novel sulfur-phosphine co-coordinated heterogeneous Rh mononuclear complex catalyst(Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3)&S),which exhibits an unexpected 1.5–2.0 times catalytic activity for hydroformylation of olefins(C_(3)=,C_(5)=–C_(8)=),in comparison with the solely phosphine-coordinated Rh mononuclear complex catalyst(Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3)).In contrast,sulfur coordination alone leads to severe sulfur poisoning with significantly inhibited catalytic performance.Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that phosphine coordination promotes catalytic activity via its strong electron-donating ability,while sulfur occupies a coordination site and reduces the electronic density of Rh ions.The synergistical coordination of sulfur and phosphine optimizes the electronic density of active Rh ions and decreases the energy barrier of the rate-determining step of olefin insertion,thus enhancing the hydroformylation activity,regioselectivity and stability of Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3)&S.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint pain,swelling and dysfunction[1].According to epidemiologic statistics,the incidence of RA is 1%–2%,and in severe cases,it can dev...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint pain,swelling and dysfunction[1].According to epidemiologic statistics,the incidence of RA is 1%–2%,and in severe cases,it can develop into joint deformity and disability,which brings a heavy burden to the family and society[2].However,the pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves multiple cellular interactions,which increases the difficulty of curing RA.Current therapeutic options,such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and biologics,still face the challenge of relapse after drug discontinuation[3,4].Therefore,the pathogenesis of RA needs to be analyzed in depth to break through the existing therapeutic bottlenecks and promote the iterative innovation of individualized diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted t...Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challe...With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses,this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system,considering regulation losses.First,the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified,and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,based on Depth of Discharge(DOD)and C-rate.Second,a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance.Third,targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output,and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator,thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation.However,the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16%compared to the thermal-only case,while simultaneously improving system frequency stability.Thus,the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.展开更多
Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD...Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.展开更多
Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,co...Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,contributing to reproduction,defense against natural enemies,and adaptation to environmental changes.Thus,a deeper understanding of their leaf coloration will be essential for both practical applications and theoretical understanding.The present study comprehensively reviews the factors influencing anthocyanin metabolism,including biosynthesis,transport,degradation,transcription factors(TF_(S)),post-transcriptional regulation,post translation regulation.Next,we summarize the application of omics technologies in unveiling the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in leaves.Furthermore,we review the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate leaf coloration by inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis.Lastly,the study addresses unresolved issues in the research of plant leaf coloration and proposes future research directions in this field.This study is anticipated to provide a valuable reference for the study of plant leaf coloration.展开更多
Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcri...Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module comprising the miR166 and its target gene ATHB14-LIKE as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean(Glycine max).Knockdown of miR166 or overexpression of ATHB14-LIKE upregulated multiple flavonoid biosynthesis genes,leading to increased flavonoid accumulation.Conversely,miR166 overexpression suppressed these genes and reduced flavonoid levels.We further show that ATHB14-LIKE directly activates specific flavonoid biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters.Additionally,ATHB14-LIKE forms homodimers and heterodimers with homologous proteins to regulate downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes.Together,our findings demonstrate that the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module controls soybean flavonoid content by coordinating the expression of key biosynthetic genes.展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 22508184 to X.Q.Y.,grant 21736006 to S.C.,and grant 22278225 to S.C.)supported by the Natural Funding Program of Jiangsu Province(grant BK20250610 to X.Q.Y.).
文摘Methods allowing passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)to be carried out in an energy-efficient and scalable way are potentially important for various disciplines.Here,we report a sustainable strategy for scalable-designed and color-regulating PDRC coating based on high-crystallinity photonic metamaterial(crystallinity:71.5%;enhanced assembly efficiency:72%),that is derived from the as-prepared 55 wt%solid content poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid)P(MMA-BA-MAA)monodispersed latexes(approaching theoretical limit:59 wt%).Robust meter-scale PDRC coatings are constructed by various industrial modes onto diverse surfaces,addressing bottlenecks like dull appearance,high cost,low efficiency,and hard construction.Notably,the solar reflectance,long-wave infrared emittance,and calculated theoretical cooling power of the designed PDRC coating,respectively,reach~0.94,~0.97,and~95.5 W m^(-2)under solar radiation,which can achieve an average 5.3℃ sub-ambient daytime temperature drop in the summer in Nanjing.The cooling performance,scale preparation,and cost-effectiveness of the PDRC coating have extended into leading position compared with those of state-of-the-art designs.This work provides promising route to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption for global sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472093,52176185)the Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province of China(2022CFA069,2022BAA086).
文摘The sluggish Li^(+)migration kinetics and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface severely hinder the commercial application of high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,an artificial protective layer is constructed using zwitterionic covalent organic framework(Z-COF)simultaneously containing sulfonate and ethidium groups,aiming to facilitate rapid,uniform Li^(+)transport and stabilize anode interface.The sulfonate groups with high lithiophilicity provide abundant hopping sites for fast Li^(+)diffusion.The ethidium cations immobilize TFSI-and solvent molecules by ion-dipole interactions,which accelerate the dissociation of LiTFSI and Li^(+)desolvation.Moreover,the monodispersed zwitterionic units coupling with ordered micropore structures in Z-COF create exclusive Li^(+)migration channels,modulate homogeneous space charge distribution,kinetically facilitating uniform Li^(+)deposition.Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that C-F and S-N bonds of TFSI-exhibit enhanced cleavage susceptibility driven by electrostatic attraction,realizing a LiF/Li_(3)N-rich electrolyte/electrode interface.The designed Z-COF protection layer enables Li|Li symmetrical cells stable cycling over 6300 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)/2 mAh cm^(-2).The Z-COF@Li|LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cells deliver high-capacity retention of 85.2%after 1000 cycles at 8 C.The assembled Z-COF@Li|LFP pouch cells demonstrate a lifespan of more than 240 cycles.This work provides fresh insights into the practical application of zwitterionic COF in next-generation LMBs.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.21905278)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ30015).
文摘The pore structure and pseudo-graphitic phase(domain size and content)of a hard carbon anode play key roles in improving the plateau capacity of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),while it is hard to regulate them effectively and simultaneously.This study delves into the synthesis of hard carbons with tailored microstructures from esterified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na).The hard carbon(EHC-500)with maximized pseudo-graphitic content(73%)and abundant uniformly dispersed closed pores was fabricated,which provides sufficient active sites for sodium ion intercalation and pore filling.Furthermore,minimized lateral width(L_(a))of pseudo-graphitic domains in EHC-500 is simultaneously realized to improve the accessibility of sodium ions to the intercalation sites and filling sites.Therefore,the optimized microstructure of EHC-500 contributes to a remarkable reversible capacity of 340 mAh/g with a high plateau capacity of 236.7 mAh/g(below 0.08 V).These findings underscore the pivotal role of microcrystalline structure and pore structure in the electrochemical performance of hard carbons and provide a novel route to guide the design of hard carbons with optimal microstructures towards enhanced sodium storage performance.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BD-23-01).
文摘Non-metallic inclusions in steel are a significant challenge,affecting material properties and leading to issues such as stress concentration,cracking,and accelerated corrosion.Current methods for removing inclusions,including bubble,electromagnetic stirring,filtration separation,fluid flow,and sedimentation,often struggle with the removal of fine inclusions.Apart from these known methods,pulsed electric current(PEC),as an emerging technology,has demonstrated immense potential and environmental advantages.PEC offers adjustable current parameters and simple equipment,making it an attractive alternative to traditional methods.Its green energy-saving features and excellent results in regulating inclusion morphology and migration,as well as inhibiting submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging,make it a promising technology.In comparison to continuous current technology,PEC has shown significant advantages in regulating inclusions,not only improving purification efficiency but also demonstrating outstanding performance in flow stability and energy consumption.The ability of PEC to efficiently reduce inclusion numbers enhances the purity and quality of molten steel,improving its mechanical properties.Currently,the theoretical basis for controlling the movement of inclusions by current is mainly composed of three major theories:the double electric layer theory,electromagnetic force reverse separation theory,and electric free energy drive theory.These theories together form an important framework for researchers to understand and optimize the behavior of impurity movement controlled by electric current.Looking ahead,PEC is expected to pave the way for new solutions in directional regulation of inclusion migration,efficient inclusion removal,SEN clogging prevention,and the purification of molten steel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100133,No.52222005)the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province(No.202303AC100008)。
文摘Catalyst-aided regeneration is a promising method for reducing the high regeneration energy consumption of amine-based CO_(2)capture technologies.However,the intrinsic relationship between the properties of the acidic sites and their catalytic activity is controversial.In this study,a series of W-based catalysts supported by ZrTiO_(x)were synthesised,and the effects of the intensity,distribution,and type of acid sites were systematically investigated by quantitatively regulating the acidic site properties.The results indicate stronger acidic sites play a more important role in the catalytic reaction.Moreover,the catalysts showed excellent performance only if the Br?nsted acid sites(BASs)and Lewis acid sites(LASs)coexisted.During the catalytic reaction,the BASs facilitated deprotonation,and the LASs promoted the decomposition of carbamates.The ratio of BASs to LASs(B/L)was a critical factor for catalytic activity,wherein optimal performance was achieved when the B/L ratio was close to 1.The 10%HPW/ZrTiO_(x)composite performed better than WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x)and HSiW/ZrTiO_(x)because it had a stronger acid intensity and a suitable B/L ratio.As a result,the relative heat duty was reduced by 47%compared to 30%aqueous MEA,and the maximum CO_(2)desorption rate was increased by 83%.The Bader charge indicated that the W atoms of HPW/ZrTiO_(x)lost more electrons(0.18)than those of WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x),which can weaken the O±H bond energy.Consequently,the calculated deprotonation energy is as low as 257 kJ mol^(-1)for HPW/ZrTiO_(x).
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
基金the funding support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations[grant number LOA/RAP/2021/15,PO Number 348413].
文摘Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is a pressing global health issue,exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human,animal,and plant sectors.The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spread due to the contamination from resistant bacteria,resistance genes,and antimicrobial residues from various sources.In Thailand,the regulatory framework that can reinforce AMR mitigation in environmental settings remains underdeveloped.This study aims to analyse the existing regulatory framework for environmental AMR control by identifying regulatory gaps and assessing the challenges of implementing these regulations.Methods:A qualitative approach was employed,combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants from diverse regulatory sectors,including the ministries of health,agriculture,and environment.This included multi-level stakeholders at national,provincial,and local levels,as well as selected farmers.Content analysis of interview transcripts and regulatory documents was performed to triangulate findings on regulatory gaps and implementation barriers.Results:The study identified five regulatory categories governing water contamination across settings:rivers/canals,hospital wastewater,household wastewater,industrial waste(including pharmaceuticals),and animal farms.While the regulatory frameworks guide pollution standards,regulations lack provisions specific to AMR,highlighting a significant gap in AMR oversight and data on AMR pathogens in environmental wastewater.Key barriers include insufficient incorporation of AMR indicators in routine monitoring,limited enforcement,and inadequate technical and budgetary support.Conclusion:Thailand's current environmental AMR framework lacks comprehensive AMR-specific regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms.Addressing these gaps requires multi-sectoral coordination,enhanced funding,and capacity-building initiatives.By prioritizing indicator development and establishing AMR-focused policies,Thailand can enhance its environmental AMR control measures and contribute to global AMR mitigation efforts.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200500,2022YFD1201700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071921)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2021LZGC022)the Taishan Scholars Project。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's most important staple crops,and is used for manufacturing food,feed,and industrial products.A key factor in maize yield is the grain weight,which directly influences productivity.In this study,we revealed the role of smk23 in maize kernel development.The ethyl methanesulfonate mutant smk23 is characterized by substantially reduced kernel weight.Through map-based cloning,smk23 was found to be located on Chr5 and encode a putative B-type response regulator,Zm RR5.A change from G to A occurs in the coding sequence of Zm RR5,resulting in the early termination of smk23.In Arabidopsis,B-type response regulators are involved in cytokinin signaling.Histological analysis and in situ hybridization of the mutant revealed abnormal endosperm development,particularly in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL),a specialized tissue critical for nutrient transport from the maternal tissues to the developing kernel.Zm RR5 positively regulates key genes involved in BETL development and function,including MRP1 and TCRR1.Furthermore,RNA sequencing revealed that several genes closely linked to BETL development,including BETL2,MEG1,and MN1,were significantly downregulated in smk23.These genes are essential for nutrient transport,tissue development and signal transduction.In addition,haploid analysis of Zm RR5 revealed natural variations(Hap 2)that may contribute to the increased kernel yield.Disruption of Zm RR5 function in smk23 leads to defects in BETL development,impairing its ability to transport nutrients,and ultimately resulting in a smaller kernel size.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms through which Zm RR5 regulates maize kernel development and offers potential strategies for improving grain yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072379,32001865 and 32202259)。
文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoters.σ^(70) factors also regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response and virulence.However,the role of RpoD in Xoo is still unclear.In this study,we found thatσ^(70) factor RpoD is quite conservative among phytopathogenic bacteria,especially in Xanthomonas sp.In Xoo,PXO_RpoD plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance and cell motility,as well as being essential for full virulence.Cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)analyses indicated that RpoD mediates the type three secretion system(T3SS)by regulating the regulation of hrpG and hrpX.By performing bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility assay(EMSA),we observed that RpoD directly bound to the promoters of hrpG and hrpX.Collectively,these results demonstrate the transcriptional mechanism and pathogenic functions of RpoD in regulating cell motility and oxidative stress response,providing novel insights into potential targets for disease control.
基金sponsored by the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory Grant,China(ZSBBL-KY2023-08)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20230572)the Basic Sciences(Natural Sciences)Research Project in Universities of Jiangsu Province,China(23KJB210015)。
文摘Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors,and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation,but the functional differences of homologous MYB transcription factors in regulating anthocyanin content are still unclear.In strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 are highly homologous MYB transcription factors localized in the nucleus and can be significantly induced by weak light.However,they differ in their effects on anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits.FaMYB44.1 inhibits anthocyanin synthesis by transcriptionally suppressing FaF3H,which is essential for anthocyanin regulation,in the‘BeniHoppe'and‘JianDe-Hong'strawberry varieties.In contrast,FaMYB44.3 does not affect anthocyanin levels.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 in anthocyanin regulation in strawberry fruits.By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation,this study enhances our understanding of how the interactions between genetic and environmental factors control fruit pigmentation and enhance the nutritional value of the fruit.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB420030)National Natural Science Foundation of China (2227903)+1 种基金Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory (OVL2021BG008)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies (FZ2021011)。
文摘All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction solar cells by reducing thermalization losses.However,the challenges encompass the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and uncontrolled crystallization kinetics in Sn-Pb perovskites,leading to nonradiative recombination and compositional heterogeneity to decrease photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability.Herein,we introduced an ionic liquid additive,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMIMI) into Sn-Pb perovskite precursor to form low-dimensional Sn-rich/pure-Sn perovskites at grain boundaries,which mitigates oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+)and regulates the film-forming dynamics of Sn/Pb-based perovskite films.The optimized single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite devices incorporating EMIMI achieved a high efficiency of 22.87%.Furthermore,combined with wide-bandgap perovskite sub-cells in tandem device,we demonstrate 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 28.34%,achieving improved operational stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.52288102,52322101,92163215,52174364,52101143,U23A20542the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.30922010202+1 种基金the 100 Talents Plan of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2020100005the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2022203109.
文摘Polysynthetic twinned(PST)TiAl single crystal specifically refers to a fully lamellar TiAl single crystal with parallel phase interfaces and twin interfaces grown by directional solidification.In this paper,PST single crystals with different phase ratios are obtained by annealing at specific temperatures and holding times.The results show that the diffusion rates of Ti and Al elements at various temperatures directly trigger and propel the surface recrystallization and variation in the internal phase ratio.When the temperature is lower than 1448 K,the diffusion rate of Ti is obviously higher than that of Al,which causes one denseα_(2)recrystallized layer to form on the surface of TiAl single crystals.Meanwhile,as more Ti elements migrate to the surface,theα_(2)phase ratio inside the TiAl single crystal thereby decreases.When the temperature exceeds 1448 K,the diffusion rate of Al gradually reverses to exceed that of Ti,which forms the surface sandwiched recrystallization dominated byγphase and simultaneously increasesα_(2)phase ratio inside the TiAl single crystal.The variation in the two-phase ratio directly induces a significant change in the lamellae thickness,which exhibits different tensile behaviors of PST-TiAl single crystal.When theα_(2)phase content is less than 20%,widerγlamellae make it easier for dislocations to be activated within its lamellae and continuously move across theγ/α_(2)interfaces,thereby obtaining better tensile plasticity.As theα_(2)phase content exceeds 30%,finerγlamellae inhibit the dislocation initiation,resulting in the fracture occurrence of TiAl single crystal before yielding.No matter how the phase ratio changes,the crack preferentially initiates withinα_(2)lamellae.However,the crack propagation follows different paths based on variousγlamella thicknesses.The fracture mode of PST-TiAl single crystal also changes from shear fracture along slip bands within theγlamella to brittle fracture along the{1¯100}planes withinα_(2)lamella.
文摘In photothermal power(solar energy)generation systems,purging residual molten salt from pipelines using highpressure gas poses a significant challenge,particularly in clearing the bottom of regulating valves.Ineffective purging can lead to crystallization of the molten salt,resulting in blockages.To address this issue,understanding the gas-liquid two-phase flow dynamics during high-pressure gas purging is crucial.This study utilizes the Volume of Fluid(VOF)model and adaptive dynamic grids to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow during the purging process in a DN50 PN50 conventional molten salt regulating valve.Initially,the reliability of the CFD simulations is validated through comparisons with experimental data and findings from the literature.Subsequently,simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of various factors,including purge flow rates,initial liquid accumulation masses,purge durations,and the profiles of the valve bottom flow channels.The results indicate that the purging process comprises four distinct stages:Initial violent surge stage,liquid discharge stage,liquid partial fallback stage,liquid dissipation stage.For an initial liquid height of 17 mm at the bottom of the valve,the critical purge flow rate lies between 3 and 5 m/s.Notably,the critical purge flow rate is independent of the initial liquid accumulation mass.As the purge gas flow rate increases,the volume of liquid discharged also increases.Beyond the critical purge flow rate,higher purge gas velocities lead to shorter purge durations.Interestingly,the residual liquid mass after purging remains unaffected by the initial liquid accumulation.Additionally,the flow channel profile at the bottom of the valve significantly influences both the critical purge speed and the efficiency of the purging process.
文摘Sulfur was typically regarded as a poison to precious metal complex catalysts in hydroformylation of olefins.However,the combination of sulfur and phosphine may present an intriguing interaction with heterogeneous mononuclear complex due to the difference of their electronegativities,and coordination capabilities.Herein,we report a novel sulfur-phosphine co-coordinated heterogeneous Rh mononuclear complex catalyst(Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3)&S),which exhibits an unexpected 1.5–2.0 times catalytic activity for hydroformylation of olefins(C_(3)=,C_(5)=–C_(8)=),in comparison with the solely phosphine-coordinated Rh mononuclear complex catalyst(Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3)).In contrast,sulfur coordination alone leads to severe sulfur poisoning with significantly inhibited catalytic performance.Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that phosphine coordination promotes catalytic activity via its strong electron-donating ability,while sulfur occupies a coordination site and reduces the electronic density of Rh ions.The synergistical coordination of sulfur and phosphine optimizes the electronic density of active Rh ions and decreases the energy barrier of the rate-determining step of olefin insertion,thus enhancing the hydroformylation activity,regioselectivity and stability of Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3)&S.
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint pain,swelling and dysfunction[1].According to epidemiologic statistics,the incidence of RA is 1%–2%,and in severe cases,it can develop into joint deformity and disability,which brings a heavy burden to the family and society[2].However,the pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves multiple cellular interactions,which increases the difficulty of curing RA.Current therapeutic options,such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and biologics,still face the challenge of relapse after drug discontinuation[3,4].Therefore,the pathogenesis of RA needs to be analyzed in depth to break through the existing therapeutic bottlenecks and promote the iterative innovation of individualized diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271389,31900987(both to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20230608(to JJ)。
文摘Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(Project No.YDZJ202301ZYTS284).
文摘With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses,this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system,considering regulation losses.First,the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified,and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,based on Depth of Discharge(DOD)and C-rate.Second,a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance.Third,targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output,and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator,thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation.However,the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16%compared to the thermal-only case,while simultaneously improving system frequency stability.Thus,the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ24C130004 and LQ24C130008)。
文摘Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.
基金supported by Central Finance for the Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project([2024]TG13)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201643)the Key research projects of Yibin,Research and Integrated Demonstration and Key Technologies for Smart Bamboo Industry(Grant No.YBZD2024-1).
文摘Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,contributing to reproduction,defense against natural enemies,and adaptation to environmental changes.Thus,a deeper understanding of their leaf coloration will be essential for both practical applications and theoretical understanding.The present study comprehensively reviews the factors influencing anthocyanin metabolism,including biosynthesis,transport,degradation,transcription factors(TF_(S)),post-transcriptional regulation,post translation regulation.Next,we summarize the application of omics technologies in unveiling the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in leaves.Furthermore,we review the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate leaf coloration by inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis.Lastly,the study addresses unresolved issues in the research of plant leaf coloration and proposes future research directions in this field.This study is anticipated to provide a valuable reference for the study of plant leaf coloration.
基金the Projects of Science and Technology of Shanghai(22N11900400)Key Projects of Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology(2024400CB0050)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32488102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030303)。
文摘Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module comprising the miR166 and its target gene ATHB14-LIKE as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean(Glycine max).Knockdown of miR166 or overexpression of ATHB14-LIKE upregulated multiple flavonoid biosynthesis genes,leading to increased flavonoid accumulation.Conversely,miR166 overexpression suppressed these genes and reduced flavonoid levels.We further show that ATHB14-LIKE directly activates specific flavonoid biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters.Additionally,ATHB14-LIKE forms homodimers and heterodimers with homologous proteins to regulate downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes.Together,our findings demonstrate that the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module controls soybean flavonoid content by coordinating the expression of key biosynthetic genes.
