The feasibility of using anaerobic baffled reactor （ABR） as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed. The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented unde...The feasibility of using anaerobic baffled reactor （ABR） as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed. The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under different peak flow factors （PFF of 1 to 6）, superficial gas velocities （between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr） and hydraulic retention times （HRT） （24, 36 and 48 hr）. Residence time distribution （RTD） analyses were carded out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR. It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space. The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1, 2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase （26%） at PFF of 6. Superficial gas velocities did not result in more （biological） dead space. The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completely- mixed reactor when PFF increased. Superficial gas velocities did not affect mixing pattern. The effects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT （48 hr）. The tank-in-series （TIS） model （N = 4） was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system. The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under different flow patterns, introducing satisfactory hydraulic efficiency. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） and total suspended solids （TSS） removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%, respectively. The standard deviation of effluent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L.展开更多
目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者超声监测膈肌增厚率与肺功能的相关性。方法:2019年1月到2020年12月选择在本院诊治的COPD患者72例作为COPD组,同期选择在本院体检的健康人72例作为对照组。...目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者超声监测膈肌增厚率与肺功能的相关性。方法:2019年1月到2020年12月选择在本院诊治的COPD患者72例作为COPD组,同期选择在本院体检的健康人72例作为对照组。采用超声监测两组入选者的膈肌增厚率,使用肺功能测定仪测定呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second,FEV_(1))、肺活量25%时用力呼气流速(Vmax25%,V25)、肺活量50%时用力呼气流速(Vmax50%,V50)、肺活量75%时用力呼气流速(Vmax75%,V75)等指标并进行相关性分析。结果:COPD组的膈肌增厚率低于对照组,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD组的FEV_(1)、PEF、V25、V50、V75值都低于对照组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在COPD组患者中,Pearson相关分析显示膈肌增厚率与FEV_(1)、PEF、V25、V50、V75都存在正相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示FEV_(1)、PEF、V25、V50、V75为影响膈肌增厚率的重要影响因素P<0.05)。结论:COPD患者超声监测可显示膈肌增厚率与肺功能降低,两者存在相关性,肺功能下降也是导致患者膈肌增厚率降低的重要危险因素。展开更多
基金supported by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South:Research Partnerships for Mitigating Syndromes of Global Change, and the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
文摘The feasibility of using anaerobic baffled reactor （ABR） as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed. The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under different peak flow factors （PFF of 1 to 6）, superficial gas velocities （between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr） and hydraulic retention times （HRT） （24, 36 and 48 hr）. Residence time distribution （RTD） analyses were carded out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR. It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space. The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1, 2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase （26%） at PFF of 6. Superficial gas velocities did not result in more （biological） dead space. The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completely- mixed reactor when PFF increased. Superficial gas velocities did not affect mixing pattern. The effects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT （48 hr）. The tank-in-series （TIS） model （N = 4） was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system. The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under different flow patterns, introducing satisfactory hydraulic efficiency. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） and total suspended solids （TSS） removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%, respectively. The standard deviation of effluent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L.
文摘目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者超声监测膈肌增厚率与肺功能的相关性。方法:2019年1月到2020年12月选择在本院诊治的COPD患者72例作为COPD组,同期选择在本院体检的健康人72例作为对照组。采用超声监测两组入选者的膈肌增厚率,使用肺功能测定仪测定呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second,FEV_(1))、肺活量25%时用力呼气流速(Vmax25%,V25)、肺活量50%时用力呼气流速(Vmax50%,V50)、肺活量75%时用力呼气流速(Vmax75%,V75)等指标并进行相关性分析。结果:COPD组的膈肌增厚率低于对照组,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD组的FEV_(1)、PEF、V25、V50、V75值都低于对照组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在COPD组患者中,Pearson相关分析显示膈肌增厚率与FEV_(1)、PEF、V25、V50、V75都存在正相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示FEV_(1)、PEF、V25、V50、V75为影响膈肌增厚率的重要影响因素P<0.05)。结论:COPD患者超声监测可显示膈肌增厚率与肺功能降低,两者存在相关性,肺功能下降也是导致患者膈肌增厚率降低的重要危险因素。
