Sensors play an important role in information perception during the age of intelligence,particularly in areas such as environmental monitoring and human perception.To meet the huge demands for information acquisition ...Sensors play an important role in information perception during the age of intelligence,particularly in areas such as environmental monitoring and human perception.To meet the huge demands for information acquisition in the whole society,the development of elaborated sensor structures using patterned manufacturing technology is important to improve the performance of sensors.Creating patterned structures can enhance the interaction between the sensitive material and target matter,increase the contact area between the sensor and the target matter,amplify the effect of target matter on the sensor structure,and enhance the density of information sensing by building arrays.This review presents a comprehensive overview of patterned micro-nanostructure manufacturing techniques for performance enhancement of flexible sensors,including printing,exposure lithography,mould method,soft lithography,nanoimprinting lithography,and laser direct writing technology.Meanwhile,it introduces the evaluation methods of flexible sensor performance and discusses how patterned structures influence this performance.Finally,some practical application examples of patterned manufacturing techniques are introduced according to different types of flexible sensors.This review also summarises and provides an outlook on the role of these techniques in enhancing sensor performance offering valuable insights for future developments in the patterned manufacturing of flexible sensors.展开更多
1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions...1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions.展开更多
1.Aims and scope.The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions...1.Aims and scope.The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of arid regions to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of desert,oasis,loess,and aeolian landforms,etc.;and support integrated studies on mountain-desert-oasis system in arid watershed with water resources as masterstroke,so as to provide reliable technological support for water safety,ecology safety and food safety in arid regions.展开更多
1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions...1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.展开更多
1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions...1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical.展开更多
1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions...1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of arid regions to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of desert,oasis,loess,and aeolian landforms,etc.;and support integrated studies on mountain-desert-oasis system in arid watershed with water resources as masterstroke,so as to provide reliable technological support for water safety,ecology safety and food safety in arid regions.展开更多
Landscape ecology provides new theoretical frameworks and methodologies for understanding complex ecological phenomena at multiple scales.Studies of landscape ecology focus on understanding the dynamics of eco-logical...Landscape ecology provides new theoretical frameworks and methodologies for understanding complex ecological phenomena at multiple scales.Studies of landscape ecology focus on understanding the dynamics of eco-logical patterns and processes,and highlight the integration of multiple disciplines.In this paper,we discussed the problems and challenges that landscape ecology is currently facing,emphasizing the limitations of current methods used to describe dynamic landscape patterns and processes.We suggested that the focus should be on the integration of ground-based observation,mobile monitoring,transect survey,and remote-sensing monitoring,as well as improved coupling of experimental and model simulations.In addition,we outlined the research frontiers in landscape ecology,including scaling,integrated pattern and process modeling,and regional synthesis.Lastly,a brief review of pat-tern-process-scale coupling studies in China was provided.We concluded by pointing out that pattern-process-scale interactions,correlations between natural,economic,and social processes,and the coupling of human and natural systems will be major research areas in landscape ecology in the future.展开更多
A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained d...A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber： boiling pattern（BP）, transition pattern（TP）, and wave pattern（WP）. The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.展开更多
1 Introduction The large clusters of Zn-Pb deposits in northeastern Yunnan,located in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,are an important part of the Sichuan-YunnanGuizhou Pb-Zn Poly-metallic Metallogenic Tr...1 Introduction The large clusters of Zn-Pb deposits in northeastern Yunnan,located in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,are an important part of the Sichuan-YunnanGuizhou Pb-Zn Poly-metallic Metallogenic Triangle Area展开更多
User authentication is one of the critical concerns of information security.Users tend to use strong textual passwords,but remembering complex passwords is hard as they often write it on a piece of paper or save it in...User authentication is one of the critical concerns of information security.Users tend to use strong textual passwords,but remembering complex passwords is hard as they often write it on a piece of paper or save it in their mobile phones.Textual passwords are slightly unprotected and are easily attackable.The attacks include dictionary,shoulder surfing,and brute force.Graphical passwords overcome the shortcomings of textual passwords and are designed to aid memorability and ease of use.This paper proposes a Process-based Pattern Authentication(PPA)system for Internet of Things(IoT)devices that does not require a server to maintain a static password of the login user.The server stores user’s information,which they provide at the time of registration,i.e.,the R-code and the symbol,but the P-code,i.e.,the actual password,will change with every login attempt of users.In this scheme,users may draw a pattern on the basis of calculation from the P-code and Rcode in the PPA pattern,and can authenticate themselves using their touch dynamic behaviors through Artificial Neural Network(ANN).The ANN is trained on touch behaviors of legitimate users reporting superior performance over the existing methods.For experimental purposes,PPA is implemented as a prototype on a computer system to carry out experiments for the evaluation in terms of memorability and usability.The experiments show that the system has an effect of 5.03%of the False Rejection Rate(FRR)and 4.36%of the False Acceptance Rate(FAR),respectively.展开更多
The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial f...The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a 'Process Archeology' in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2024YFB3212100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant Nos.62422409,62174152 and 62374159)from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020115)。
文摘Sensors play an important role in information perception during the age of intelligence,particularly in areas such as environmental monitoring and human perception.To meet the huge demands for information acquisition in the whole society,the development of elaborated sensor structures using patterned manufacturing technology is important to improve the performance of sensors.Creating patterned structures can enhance the interaction between the sensitive material and target matter,increase the contact area between the sensor and the target matter,amplify the effect of target matter on the sensor structure,and enhance the density of information sensing by building arrays.This review presents a comprehensive overview of patterned micro-nanostructure manufacturing techniques for performance enhancement of flexible sensors,including printing,exposure lithography,mould method,soft lithography,nanoimprinting lithography,and laser direct writing technology.Meanwhile,it introduces the evaluation methods of flexible sensor performance and discusses how patterned structures influence this performance.Finally,some practical application examples of patterned manufacturing techniques are introduced according to different types of flexible sensors.This review also summarises and provides an outlook on the role of these techniques in enhancing sensor performance offering valuable insights for future developments in the patterned manufacturing of flexible sensors.
文摘1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions.
文摘1.Aims and scope.The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of arid regions to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of desert,oasis,loess,and aeolian landforms,etc.;and support integrated studies on mountain-desert-oasis system in arid watershed with water resources as masterstroke,so as to provide reliable technological support for water safety,ecology safety and food safety in arid regions.
文摘1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.
文摘1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical.
文摘1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of arid regions to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of desert,oasis,loess,and aeolian landforms,etc.;and support integrated studies on mountain-desert-oasis system in arid watershed with water resources as masterstroke,so as to provide reliable technological support for water safety,ecology safety and food safety in arid regions.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40930528)State Forestry Administration of China (No.201004058)
文摘Landscape ecology provides new theoretical frameworks and methodologies for understanding complex ecological phenomena at multiple scales.Studies of landscape ecology focus on understanding the dynamics of eco-logical patterns and processes,and highlight the integration of multiple disciplines.In this paper,we discussed the problems and challenges that landscape ecology is currently facing,emphasizing the limitations of current methods used to describe dynamic landscape patterns and processes.We suggested that the focus should be on the integration of ground-based observation,mobile monitoring,transect survey,and remote-sensing monitoring,as well as improved coupling of experimental and model simulations.In addition,we outlined the research frontiers in landscape ecology,including scaling,integrated pattern and process modeling,and regional synthesis.Lastly,a brief review of pat-tern-process-scale coupling studies in China was provided.We concluded by pointing out that pattern-process-scale interactions,correlations between natural,economic,and social processes,and the coupling of human and natural systems will be major research areas in landscape ecology in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51704203)the PhD Early Development Program of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology (Nos. 20152008, 20152013, and 20152018)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths (No. 201601D202027)Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province (Nos. 201603D111004 and 201603D121010)NSFC-Shanxi Coal Based Low Carbon Joint Fund (No. U1510131)
文摘A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber： boiling pattern（BP）, transition pattern（TP）, and wave pattern（WP）. The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.
基金supported by the Funds for the program of the National Natural Science Foundation (Noes. 41572060, U1133602)Projects of YM Lab (2011)Innovation Team of Yunnan province and KMUST (2008,2012)
文摘1 Introduction The large clusters of Zn-Pb deposits in northeastern Yunnan,located in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,are an important part of the Sichuan-YunnanGuizhou Pb-Zn Poly-metallic Metallogenic Triangle Area
基金This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs:Chair of Cyber Security.
文摘User authentication is one of the critical concerns of information security.Users tend to use strong textual passwords,but remembering complex passwords is hard as they often write it on a piece of paper or save it in their mobile phones.Textual passwords are slightly unprotected and are easily attackable.The attacks include dictionary,shoulder surfing,and brute force.Graphical passwords overcome the shortcomings of textual passwords and are designed to aid memorability and ease of use.This paper proposes a Process-based Pattern Authentication(PPA)system for Internet of Things(IoT)devices that does not require a server to maintain a static password of the login user.The server stores user’s information,which they provide at the time of registration,i.e.,the R-code and the symbol,but the P-code,i.e.,the actual password,will change with every login attempt of users.In this scheme,users may draw a pattern on the basis of calculation from the P-code and Rcode in the PPA pattern,and can authenticate themselves using their touch dynamic behaviors through Artificial Neural Network(ANN).The ANN is trained on touch behaviors of legitimate users reporting superior performance over the existing methods.For experimental purposes,PPA is implemented as a prototype on a computer system to carry out experiments for the evaluation in terms of memorability and usability.The experiments show that the system has an effect of 5.03%of the False Rejection Rate(FRR)and 4.36%of the False Acceptance Rate(FAR),respectively.
文摘The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a 'Process Archeology' in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.
