We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze R...We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.展开更多
Microbial terroir is essential to the development of regional fermented food characteristics.Environmental microbiota participates in the fermentation process and fermentation process also domesticates the microorgani...Microbial terroir is essential to the development of regional fermented food characteristics.Environmental microbiota participates in the fermentation process and fermentation process also domesticates the microorganisms in the environments,leading to an interaction between the fermentation process and the fermentation environment.Here,we reported microbiota from different environments(fermentation process,fermentation environment,and ecological environment)of two distilleries.We used amplicon full-length sequencing to study the regional microbial characteristics and the domestication of the fermentation process on environment.Fungi in the Chishui River producing region contributed more to the brewing,which contained many functional fungi,such as Pichia,Wickerhamomyces anomalus,and Debaryomyces.The fermentation process had a strong domestication effect on microbiota in the fermentation environment.Fermented grains and Daqu were the primary microbiota sources in the fermentation environment.Microorganisms in the producing area exhibited a distance decay relationship.With increasing distance from the distillery,the dissimilarity between microbial communities increased and the microbial community showed an obvious deterministic-stochastic pattern.The ecological environment 50m away from the distillery was less domesticated by the fermentation process.Abiotic factors(pH,acidity,and water content)and microbial interactions synergistically led to microbial differences across environments.These results first determined that a regional microbial model had been established in sauce-flavor Baijiu and comprehensively clarified the interaction between the fermentation process and the environment.It laid the foundation for further elucidation of the influence of microorganisms on the yield and flavor quality of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
By means of the weakly guiding approximation, the mode spot sizes Wx and Wy of the fundamental mode along the semimajor （x-direction） and semiminor （y-direction） axes of the fiber core in elliptical core two- mode...By means of the weakly guiding approximation, the mode spot sizes Wx and Wy of the fundamental mode along the semimajor （x-direction） and semiminor （y-direction） axes of the fiber core in elliptical core two- mode fiber are discussed. The variation of their ratio value Wx/W9 with the operation wavelength A and the length ratio a/b between the semimajor axis and the semiminor axis of the fiber core is analyzed. Based on this analysis, the distribution figures of two-lobe interferential mode patterns are evaluated and simulated quantitatively for different phase difference changes between LP01 and LP~~n modes. The two-lobe interferential mode patterns have the same profile and distribute symmetrically when the phase difference equals ~r/2. Their central distance S becomes larger when W~：/W~ augments gradually. F^rthermore, the equation about the central distance S of the two-lobe interferential mode patterns is given when the operation wavelength varies between 0.65 and 1.31 #m, which is important to applications shuch as sensors and coupling devices between different fibers.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the post-funded project of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16FJL009)
文摘We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072205,22138004)Sichuan post-doctoral program.
文摘Microbial terroir is essential to the development of regional fermented food characteristics.Environmental microbiota participates in the fermentation process and fermentation process also domesticates the microorganisms in the environments,leading to an interaction between the fermentation process and the fermentation environment.Here,we reported microbiota from different environments(fermentation process,fermentation environment,and ecological environment)of two distilleries.We used amplicon full-length sequencing to study the regional microbial characteristics and the domestication of the fermentation process on environment.Fungi in the Chishui River producing region contributed more to the brewing,which contained many functional fungi,such as Pichia,Wickerhamomyces anomalus,and Debaryomyces.The fermentation process had a strong domestication effect on microbiota in the fermentation environment.Fermented grains and Daqu were the primary microbiota sources in the fermentation environment.Microorganisms in the producing area exhibited a distance decay relationship.With increasing distance from the distillery,the dissimilarity between microbial communities increased and the microbial community showed an obvious deterministic-stochastic pattern.The ecological environment 50m away from the distillery was less domesticated by the fermentation process.Abiotic factors(pH,acidity,and water content)and microbial interactions synergistically led to microbial differences across environments.These results first determined that a regional microbial model had been established in sauce-flavor Baijiu and comprehensively clarified the interaction between the fermentation process and the environment.It laid the foundation for further elucidation of the influence of microorganisms on the yield and flavor quality of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2006CB806001.
文摘By means of the weakly guiding approximation, the mode spot sizes Wx and Wy of the fundamental mode along the semimajor （x-direction） and semiminor （y-direction） axes of the fiber core in elliptical core two- mode fiber are discussed. The variation of their ratio value Wx/W9 with the operation wavelength A and the length ratio a/b between the semimajor axis and the semiminor axis of the fiber core is analyzed. Based on this analysis, the distribution figures of two-lobe interferential mode patterns are evaluated and simulated quantitatively for different phase difference changes between LP01 and LP~~n modes. The two-lobe interferential mode patterns have the same profile and distribute symmetrically when the phase difference equals ~r/2. Their central distance S becomes larger when W~：/W~ augments gradually. F^rthermore, the equation about the central distance S of the two-lobe interferential mode patterns is given when the operation wavelength varies between 0.65 and 1.31 #m, which is important to applications shuch as sensors and coupling devices between different fibers.
