In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood （PRML） method combining modulation code tbr signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs...In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood （PRML） method combining modulation code tbr signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs partial response equalizer and adaptive viterbi detector combining modulation code. Compared with the traditional adaptive PRML detector, the improved PRML detector additionally employs illogical sequence detector and corrector. Illogical sequence detector and corrector can aw）id the appearance of illogical sequences effectively, which do not follow the law of modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc, and obtain the correct sequences. We implement the improved PRML detector using a DSP and an FPGA chip. The experimental results show good performance. The higher efficient and lower complexity can be obtained by using the improved PRML method than by using the previous PRML method. Meanwhile, resource utilization of the improved PRML detector is not changed, but the bit error rate （BER） is reduced by more than 20%.展开更多
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)exhibits a pronounced tendency for metastasis and relapse,and the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,leading to complexity in treatment outcomes.It is cru...BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)exhibits a pronounced tendency for metastasis and relapse,and the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,leading to complexity in treatment outcomes.It is crucial to tackle these challenges by advancing targeted therapeutic approaches in ongoing research endeavors.Variant RET fusions have been reported in several solid tumors,but are rarely reported in SCLC.CASE SUMMARY We present the first case of a KIF5B-RET fusion in a 65-year-old male patient with SCLC.To date,the patient has received the 4th line chemotherapy with anlotinib for one year and has shown a sustained favorable partial response.According to the results of next generation sequencing,this SCLC patient harbors the KIF5BRET fusion,suggesting that RET fusion could serve as a promising molecular target for SCLC treatment.Next-generation sequencing(NGS)plays a critical rolein comprehensively assessing the genotype and phenotype of cancer.CONCLUSION NGS can provide SCLC patients with personalized and targeted therapy options,thereby improving their likelihood of survival.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The definition of partial virological response （PVR） was proposed because of its clinical relevance. PVR relates to subsequent therapeutic failure which results in the modification of the regimen. Wheth...BACKGROUND： The definition of partial virological response （PVR） was proposed because of its clinical relevance. PVR relates to subsequent therapeutic failure which results in the modification of the regimen. Whether this rationale can be applied to all nucleotide analogues （NA） is not clear. This study was undertaken to analyze PVR influence on therapeutic outcomes during lamivudine, entecavir or tenofovir mono- therapy in NA-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B in routine clinical practice. METHODS： We retrospectively analyzed 150 NA-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B. These subjects received lamivudine, entecavir or tenofovir monotherapy between February 2001 and July2013. RESULTS： Sixty-nine patients were treated with lamivudine, 35 with entecavir, and 46 with tenofovir. The median therapeutic duration was 19.5 （6-147） months. PVR rates at 24 weeks were similar among three NAs （lamivudine 33.3%, entecavir 35.0%, tenofovir 32.4%, P--0.981）. For all three NAs, patients with a higher baseline viral load or HBeAg-positive status had a higher serum viral positive rate tested by polymerase chain reaction at week 24 and 48. Cumulative probability of virological breakthrough （VBR） for patients treated with lamivudine was 67% at 5 years, and PVR at 24 weeks was the independent risk factor for VBR （HR： 3.09; 95% CI： 1.09-8.74; P=0.034）; also lamivudine treated patients older than 50 years seemed to have a tendency for VBR （HR： 2.80; 95% CI： 0.99-8.18; P=0.052）. A majority of entecavir and tenofovir partial responders achieved and maintained virological response with prolonged monotherapy, except one entecavir treated patient who experienced VBR due to resistance mutations.CONCLUSIONS： Management strategy for lamivudine treatment should include adaptation of regimen according to PVR as an on-treatment response parameter due to its relation with unacceptably high VBR probability. Similar conclusion should not be directly related to entecavir or tenofovir treatment.展开更多
Total ionizing dose effect induced low frequency degradations in 130nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technology are studied by ^60Co γ -ray irradiation. The experimental results show that the flick...Total ionizing dose effect induced low frequency degradations in 130nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technology are studied by ^60Co γ -ray irradiation. The experimental results show that the flicker noise at the front gate is not affected by the radiation since the radiation induced trapped charge in the thin gate oxide can be ignored. However, both the Lorenz spectrum noise, which is related to the linear kink effect （LKE） at the front gate, and the flicker noise at the back gate are sensitive to radiation. The radiation induced trapped charge in shallow trench isolation and the buried oxide can deplete the nearby body region and can activate the traps which reside in the depletion region. These traps act as a GR center and accelerate the consumption of the accumulated holes in the floating body. It results in the attenuation of the LKE and the increase of the Lorenz spectrum noise. Simultaneously, the radiation induced trapped charge in the buried oxide can directly lead to an enhanced flicker noise at the back gate. The trapped charge density in the buried oxide is extracted to increase from 2.21×10^18 eV^-1 cm^-3 to 3.59×10^18？eV^-1 cm^-3 after irradiation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conventional therapies for primary plasma cell leukemia(pPCL)are usually ineffective,with a short remission time with the use of multiple myeloma medications,showing aggressiveness of pPCL.B-cell lymphoma-2...BACKGROUND Conventional therapies for primary plasma cell leukemia(pPCL)are usually ineffective,with a short remission time with the use of multiple myeloma medications,showing aggressiveness of pPCL.B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor venetoclax is usually used for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM)with t(11;14).There are very few studies published on the use of venetoclax in pPCL without t(11;14).Similarly,histone deacetylase inhibitors are considered effective for the treatment of RRMM,but there are no reports on their use in pPCL.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman with severe anemia,thrombocytopenia,multiple bone destruction,impaired renal function,and 42.7%of peripheral plasma cells is reported.After multiple chemotherapy regimens and chimeric antigen receptor Tcell treatment,the disease progressed again.The patient had very good partial response and was maintained for a long time on venetoclax in combination with chidamide and dexamethasone therapy.CONCLUSION The success of venetoclax-chidamide-dexamethasone combination therapy in achieving a very good partial response suggested that it can be used for refractory/relapsed pPCL patients who have been exhausted with the use of various drug combinations and had poor survival outcomes.展开更多
A 10Gb/s 6-tap transmit equalizer based on partial response signaling for high speed backplane transmission is presented. By combining features of equalizer and frequency-dependent channel,duobinary signaling can be g...A 10Gb/s 6-tap transmit equalizer based on partial response signaling for high speed backplane transmission is presented. By combining features of equalizer and frequency-dependent channel,duobinary signaling can be generated at the output of FR4 backplane,aiming at increasing data rate while reducing design complexity. Based on 0.18μm CMOS technology,this equalizer has been designed and fabricated,in which both variable capacitor and load resistor calibration techniques are explored to eliminate the effect of process variations. The chip occupies 0.68×0.8mm^2 including I/O pads and consumes a power of 194 mW with 1.8V power supply. Measurement results show that a typical 3-level eye diagram can be obtained at the receiver and the equalizer can work properly at the data rate of 10Gb/s.展开更多
A novel read channel for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc is presented in this paper. This read channel employs timing recovery system and partial response maximum likelihood detector. Compared to the previ...A novel read channel for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc is presented in this paper. This read channel employs timing recovery system and partial response maximum likelihood detector. Compared to the previous read channel composed of level detection and run-length detection, the present read channel shows superiority in capacity increase and robust performance. Especially, relying on the partial response maximum likelihood detection, lower bit error rate can be obtained.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,driven by mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha(PDGFRA)gene in 85%-90%...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,driven by mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha(PDGFRA)gene in 85%-90%of cases.3 Other mutations are rare and have unknown clinical effects.Imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),is used as a first-line treatment and confers a median survival of up to 5 years in 70%-85%of patients with advanced GISTs.3 This response correlates with the tumor's mutational status.Exon 11 mutations are correlated with a good response,whereas mutations in exons 9,13,and 17 may result in variable responses to imatinib.Insufficient data regarding the response to imatinib in patients with mutations in the activation-loop domain encoded by exon 17 is available.This mutation is observed in 0.5%of all GISTs.11 Herein,we discuss the case of a patient with a GIST with a rare proto-oncogene c-KIT missense mutation in exon 17(c.2466T>A;Asn822Lys).The patient was treated for 3 months with imatinib,which yielded a partial response(PR).展开更多
A novel multi-dimensional （MD） optical storage was presented, which was realized by utilizing the space between tracks. Based on scalar diffraction theory, the channel bits parameters of the multi-dimensional optica...A novel multi-dimensional （MD） optical storage was presented, which was realized by utilizing the space between tracks. Based on scalar diffraction theory, the channel bits parameters of the multi-dimensional optical storage were optimized, and the linear and nonlinear signals were analyzed accurately. Therefore, the format of the multi-dimensional optical disc was obtained, which makes the detection of readout signal easier. With respect to servo, coding and readout physics parameter of channel, the multi-dimensional optical disc is compatible with traditional disc such as Blu-ray disc （BD）. Also, the novel multi-dimensional optical storage is able to achieve a doubled density and a ten-fold readout data rate compared with traditional optical discs.展开更多
Background：Entecavir （ETV） has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials in highly selected patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETV in chr...Background：Entecavir （ETV） has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials in highly selected patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETV in chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients in the real-world setting.Methods：A total of 233 treatment-na（i）ve,CHB patients who received at least 12 months of ETV treatment were included in this retrospective study.Rates of virological response （VR）,hepatitis B s antigen （HBsAg） loss,hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） clearance/seroconversion,virological breakthrough,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated.Results：Of 233 patients,175 patients were male,with mean age of 43 years old,and 135 patients were HBeAg positive.The mean baseline levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and HBV DNA in all patients were 230 U/L and 6.6 log 10 IU/ml,respectively.The mean follow-up period was 28 months.The cumulative rates of achieving VR increased from 3.4% at 3 months to 94.4% at 60 months.Primary nonresponse occurred in 3 （1.3%） patients.Partial VR （PVR） occurred in 61 （26.2%） patients at 12 months.The baseline serum HBV DNA level （hazard ratio [HR],2.054;P 〈 0.001） was an independent risk factor for PVR.HBsAg loss did not occur.The cumulative rates of HBeAg clearance increased from 2.2% at 3 months to 28.2% at 60 months.PVR was the significant determinant of HBeAg clearance （HR,0.341;P =0.026）.Age （HR,1.072;P =0.013） and PVR （HR,5.131;P =0.017） were the significant determinants of cirrhosis.Conclusions：ETV treatment was effective for HBV DNA suppression in this study,but HBsAg loss and HBeAg clearance/seroconversion rates were lower compared with previous clinical trials.PVR was associated with HBeAg clearance and cirrhosis.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61127010)
文摘In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood （PRML） method combining modulation code tbr signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs partial response equalizer and adaptive viterbi detector combining modulation code. Compared with the traditional adaptive PRML detector, the improved PRML detector additionally employs illogical sequence detector and corrector. Illogical sequence detector and corrector can aw）id the appearance of illogical sequences effectively, which do not follow the law of modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc, and obtain the correct sequences. We implement the improved PRML detector using a DSP and an FPGA chip. The experimental results show good performance. The higher efficient and lower complexity can be obtained by using the improved PRML method than by using the previous PRML method. Meanwhile, resource utilization of the improved PRML detector is not changed, but the bit error rate （BER） is reduced by more than 20%.
基金Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,No.22-R-16.
文摘BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)exhibits a pronounced tendency for metastasis and relapse,and the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,leading to complexity in treatment outcomes.It is crucial to tackle these challenges by advancing targeted therapeutic approaches in ongoing research endeavors.Variant RET fusions have been reported in several solid tumors,but are rarely reported in SCLC.CASE SUMMARY We present the first case of a KIF5B-RET fusion in a 65-year-old male patient with SCLC.To date,the patient has received the 4th line chemotherapy with anlotinib for one year and has shown a sustained favorable partial response.According to the results of next generation sequencing,this SCLC patient harbors the KIF5BRET fusion,suggesting that RET fusion could serve as a promising molecular target for SCLC treatment.Next-generation sequencing(NGS)plays a critical rolein comprehensively assessing the genotype and phenotype of cancer.CONCLUSION NGS can provide SCLC patients with personalized and targeted therapy options,thereby improving their likelihood of survival.
文摘BACKGROUND： The definition of partial virological response （PVR） was proposed because of its clinical relevance. PVR relates to subsequent therapeutic failure which results in the modification of the regimen. Whether this rationale can be applied to all nucleotide analogues （NA） is not clear. This study was undertaken to analyze PVR influence on therapeutic outcomes during lamivudine, entecavir or tenofovir mono- therapy in NA-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B in routine clinical practice. METHODS： We retrospectively analyzed 150 NA-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B. These subjects received lamivudine, entecavir or tenofovir monotherapy between February 2001 and July2013. RESULTS： Sixty-nine patients were treated with lamivudine, 35 with entecavir, and 46 with tenofovir. The median therapeutic duration was 19.5 （6-147） months. PVR rates at 24 weeks were similar among three NAs （lamivudine 33.3%, entecavir 35.0%, tenofovir 32.4%, P--0.981）. For all three NAs, patients with a higher baseline viral load or HBeAg-positive status had a higher serum viral positive rate tested by polymerase chain reaction at week 24 and 48. Cumulative probability of virological breakthrough （VBR） for patients treated with lamivudine was 67% at 5 years, and PVR at 24 weeks was the independent risk factor for VBR （HR： 3.09; 95% CI： 1.09-8.74; P=0.034）; also lamivudine treated patients older than 50 years seemed to have a tendency for VBR （HR： 2.80; 95% CI： 0.99-8.18; P=0.052）. A majority of entecavir and tenofovir partial responders achieved and maintained virological response with prolonged monotherapy, except one entecavir treated patient who experienced VBR due to resistance mutations.CONCLUSIONS： Management strategy for lamivudine treatment should include adaptation of regimen according to PVR as an on-treatment response parameter due to its relation with unacceptably high VBR probability. Similar conclusion should not be directly related to entecavir or tenofovir treatment.
基金Supported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents under Grant No BX201600037the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Province under Grant Nos 20158090901048 and 2015B090912002the Distinguished Young Scientist Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No 2015A030306002
文摘Total ionizing dose effect induced low frequency degradations in 130nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technology are studied by ^60Co γ -ray irradiation. The experimental results show that the flicker noise at the front gate is not affected by the radiation since the radiation induced trapped charge in the thin gate oxide can be ignored. However, both the Lorenz spectrum noise, which is related to the linear kink effect （LKE） at the front gate, and the flicker noise at the back gate are sensitive to radiation. The radiation induced trapped charge in shallow trench isolation and the buried oxide can deplete the nearby body region and can activate the traps which reside in the depletion region. These traps act as a GR center and accelerate the consumption of the accumulated holes in the floating body. It results in the attenuation of the LKE and the increase of the Lorenz spectrum noise. Simultaneously, the radiation induced trapped charge in the buried oxide can directly lead to an enhanced flicker noise at the back gate. The trapped charge density in the buried oxide is extracted to increase from 2.21×10^18 eV^-1 cm^-3 to 3.59×10^18？eV^-1 cm^-3 after irradiation.
文摘BACKGROUND Conventional therapies for primary plasma cell leukemia(pPCL)are usually ineffective,with a short remission time with the use of multiple myeloma medications,showing aggressiveness of pPCL.B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor venetoclax is usually used for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM)with t(11;14).There are very few studies published on the use of venetoclax in pPCL without t(11;14).Similarly,histone deacetylase inhibitors are considered effective for the treatment of RRMM,but there are no reports on their use in pPCL.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman with severe anemia,thrombocytopenia,multiple bone destruction,impaired renal function,and 42.7%of peripheral plasma cells is reported.After multiple chemotherapy regimens and chimeric antigen receptor Tcell treatment,the disease progressed again.The patient had very good partial response and was maintained for a long time on venetoclax in combination with chidamide and dexamethasone therapy.CONCLUSION The success of venetoclax-chidamide-dexamethasone combination therapy in achieving a very good partial response suggested that it can be used for refractory/relapsed pPCL patients who have been exhausted with the use of various drug combinations and had poor survival outcomes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61471119)
文摘A 10Gb/s 6-tap transmit equalizer based on partial response signaling for high speed backplane transmission is presented. By combining features of equalizer and frequency-dependent channel,duobinary signaling can be generated at the output of FR4 backplane,aiming at increasing data rate while reducing design complexity. Based on 0.18μm CMOS technology,this equalizer has been designed and fabricated,in which both variable capacitor and load resistor calibration techniques are explored to eliminate the effect of process variations. The chip occupies 0.68×0.8mm^2 including I/O pads and consumes a power of 194 mW with 1.8V power supply. Measurement results show that a typical 3-level eye diagram can be obtained at the receiver and the equalizer can work properly at the data rate of 10Gb/s.
文摘A novel read channel for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc is presented in this paper. This read channel employs timing recovery system and partial response maximum likelihood detector. Compared to the previous read channel composed of level detection and run-length detection, the present read channel shows superiority in capacity increase and robust performance. Especially, relying on the partial response maximum likelihood detection, lower bit error rate can be obtained.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,driven by mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha(PDGFRA)gene in 85%-90%of cases.3 Other mutations are rare and have unknown clinical effects.Imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),is used as a first-line treatment and confers a median survival of up to 5 years in 70%-85%of patients with advanced GISTs.3 This response correlates with the tumor's mutational status.Exon 11 mutations are correlated with a good response,whereas mutations in exons 9,13,and 17 may result in variable responses to imatinib.Insufficient data regarding the response to imatinib in patients with mutations in the activation-loop domain encoded by exon 17 is available.This mutation is observed in 0.5%of all GISTs.11 Herein,we discuss the case of a patient with a GIST with a rare proto-oncogene c-KIT missense mutation in exon 17(c.2466T>A;Asn822Lys).The patient was treated for 3 months with imatinib,which yielded a partial response(PR).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61475080）.
文摘A novel multi-dimensional （MD） optical storage was presented, which was realized by utilizing the space between tracks. Based on scalar diffraction theory, the channel bits parameters of the multi-dimensional optical storage were optimized, and the linear and nonlinear signals were analyzed accurately. Therefore, the format of the multi-dimensional optical disc was obtained, which makes the detection of readout signal easier. With respect to servo, coding and readout physics parameter of channel, the multi-dimensional optical disc is compatible with traditional disc such as Blu-ray disc （BD）. Also, the novel multi-dimensional optical storage is able to achieve a doubled density and a ten-fold readout data rate compared with traditional optical discs.
文摘Background：Entecavir （ETV） has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials in highly selected patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETV in chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients in the real-world setting.Methods：A total of 233 treatment-na（i）ve,CHB patients who received at least 12 months of ETV treatment were included in this retrospective study.Rates of virological response （VR）,hepatitis B s antigen （HBsAg） loss,hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） clearance/seroconversion,virological breakthrough,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated.Results：Of 233 patients,175 patients were male,with mean age of 43 years old,and 135 patients were HBeAg positive.The mean baseline levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and HBV DNA in all patients were 230 U/L and 6.6 log 10 IU/ml,respectively.The mean follow-up period was 28 months.The cumulative rates of achieving VR increased from 3.4% at 3 months to 94.4% at 60 months.Primary nonresponse occurred in 3 （1.3%） patients.Partial VR （PVR） occurred in 61 （26.2%） patients at 12 months.The baseline serum HBV DNA level （hazard ratio [HR],2.054;P 〈 0.001） was an independent risk factor for PVR.HBsAg loss did not occur.The cumulative rates of HBeAg clearance increased from 2.2% at 3 months to 28.2% at 60 months.PVR was the significant determinant of HBeAg clearance （HR,0.341;P =0.026）.Age （HR,1.072;P =0.013） and PVR （HR,5.131;P =0.017） were the significant determinants of cirrhosis.Conclusions：ETV treatment was effective for HBV DNA suppression in this study,but HBsAg loss and HBeAg clearance/seroconversion rates were lower compared with previous clinical trials.PVR was associated with HBeAg clearance and cirrhosis.
