针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表...针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表明,在顾及观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关性时,基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘方法解算的参数结果更加接近真值,且精度更高。进一步将该方法应用于实际案例数据中,结果表明,在实际计算时有必要考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵之间的相关性,以提高参数解算精度。本文可补充和完善三维激光扫描标靶球定位技术方法。展开更多
Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally vi...Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process,LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy,triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress.These promote LR through endothelial–hepatocyte communication via activation of Piezo1-a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.This channel is considered one of the potential upstream activators of molecular cascades including the interleukin(IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumour necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B,Wnt/β-catenin,Hippo/YAP,transforming growth factor-beta,and Notch pathways,which contribute variably to the proliferation,differentiation,or suppression of hepatic cells.Novel insights into the IL-22 and IL-33 signaling axes,bile acid and glutamine metabolism,and the role of intestinal microbiota are also presented as promising emerging targets.This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between mechanical cues,key signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming that govern early regenerative responses.We explore the mechanisms dictating the balance between hyperplasia and hypertrophy,noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections,while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.Polyploidization emerges as a significant adaptive mechanism,contributing to hepatocyte survival and tissue remodeling.The importance of ductular reactions,microvascular adjustments,and extracellular matrix dynamics in lobular architecture remodeling is also highlighted.The study explores the occurrence of ductular reactions in both minor and major resections,particularly within the granulation tissue near dissection areas.The paper also examines structural remodeling in regenerated liver tissue,demonstrating ongoing transformations in hepatocyte morphology and sinusoidal architecture even months after PH,and emphasizing that the termination of liver mass regrowth does not equate to the cessation of LR.展开更多
In this paper,a bilevel optimization model of an integrated energy operator(IEO)–load aggregator(LA)is constructed to address the coordinate optimization challenge of multiple stakeholder island integrated energy sys...In this paper,a bilevel optimization model of an integrated energy operator(IEO)–load aggregator(LA)is constructed to address the coordinate optimization challenge of multiple stakeholder island integrated energy system(IIES).The upper level represents the integrated energy operator,and the lower level is the electricity-heatgas load aggregator.Owing to the benefit conflict between the upper and lower levels of the IIES,a dynamic pricing mechanism for coordinating the interests of the upper and lower levels is proposed,combined with factors such as the carbon emissions of the IIES,as well as the lower load interruption power.The price of selling energy can be dynamically adjusted to the lower LA in the mechanism,according to the information on carbon emissions and load interruption power.Mutual benefits and win-win situations are achieved between the upper and lower multistakeholders.Finally,CPLEX is used to iteratively solve the bilevel optimization model.The optimal solution is selected according to the joint optimal discrimination mechanism.Thesimulation results indicate that the sourceload coordinate operation can reduce the upper and lower operation costs.Using the proposed pricingmechanism,the carbon emissions and load interruption power of IEO-LA are reduced by 9.78%and 70.19%,respectively,and the capture power of the carbon capture equipment is improved by 36.24%.The validity of the proposed model and method is verified.展开更多
By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integra...By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integral. The effect of noncanonical strength, off-axis distance and vortex sign on spatial correlation singularities in far field is stressed. Furthermore, far-field OAM spectra and densities are also investigated, and the OAM detection and crosstalk probabilities are discussed. The results show that the number of dislocations of SCS always equals the sum of absolute values of topological charges for canonical or noncanonical vortex pairs. Although the sum of the product of each OAM mode and its power weight equals the algebraic sum of topological charges for canonical vortex pairs, the relationship no longer holds in the noncanonical case except for opposite-charge vortex pairs. The changes of off-axis distance, noncanonical strength or coherence length can lead to a more dominant power in adjacent mode than that in center detection mode, which also indicates that crosstalk probabilities of adjacent modes exceed the center detection probability. This work may provide potential applications in OAM-based optical communication, imaging, sensing and computing.展开更多
Nodal pricing is a critical mechanism in electricity markets,utilized to determine the cost of power transmission to various nodes within a distribution network.As power systems evolve to incorporate higher levels of ...Nodal pricing is a critical mechanism in electricity markets,utilized to determine the cost of power transmission to various nodes within a distribution network.As power systems evolve to incorporate higher levels of renewable energy and face increasing demand fluctuations,traditional nodal pricing models often fall short to meet these new challenges.This research introduces a novel enhanced nodal pricing mechanism for distribution networks,integrating advanced optimization techniques and hybrid models to overcome these limitations.The primary objective is to develop a model that not only improves pricing accuracy but also enhances operational efficiency and system reliability.This study leverages cutting-edge hybrid algorithms,combining elements of machine learning with conventional optimization methods,to achieve superior performance.Key findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid nodal pricing model significantly reduces pricing errors and operational costs compared to conventional methods.Through extensive simulations and comparative analysis,the model exhibits enhanced performance under varying load conditions and increased levels of renewable energy integration.The results indicate a substantial improvement in pricing precision and network stability.This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on optimizing electricity market mechanisms and provides actionable insights for policymakers and utility operators.By addressing the complexities of modern power distribution systems,our research offers a robust solution that enhances the efficiency and reliability of power distribution networks,marking a significant advancement in the field.展开更多
Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout re...Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.展开更多
The air gap at the interface inside the cable terminations for high-speed trains and the partial discharge caused by it are two important factors affecting the insulating performance.The development of air gap and par...The air gap at the interface inside the cable terminations for high-speed trains and the partial discharge caused by it are two important factors affecting the insulating performance.The development of air gap and partial discharge will eventually lead to breakdown faults.To investigate the evolutionary characteristics of the air gap and partial discharge,the simulation models and samples of cable terminations containing defects are constructed in this paper.By analysing the variation law of the electric field and the multidimensional information of partial discharge,the evolution process of the air gap is divided into four wellcharacterised stages.Especially in the third stage,the partial discharge extinction voltage is 51.41%lower than that of the defect-free samples and even lower than the working voltage.The asymmetry of discharge is the most significant factor.The volume of discharge in the third quadrant is significantly higher than that in the first quadrant.This important feature can be applied to the inspection and evaluation of the insulating state of the cable terminations.The partial discharge characteristics of the air gap revealed in this paper are proposed to provide an important theoretical supplement to the study of interface discharges between heterogeneous dielectrics.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small targe...Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small target detection method based on the tensor nuclear norm and direction residual weighting was proposed.Based on converting the infrared image into an infrared patch tensor model,from the perspective of the low-rank nature of the background tensor,and taking advantage of the difference in contrast between the background and the target in different directions,we designed a double-neighborhood local contrast based on direction residual weighting method(DNLCDRW)combined with the partial sum of tensor nuclear norm(PSTNN)to achieve effective background suppression and recovery of infrared small targets.Experiments show that the algorithm is effective in suppressing the background and improving the detection ability of the target.展开更多
To explore the impact of partial centralization on supply chain performance,this study constructs a two-period game model of a closed-loop supply chain involving a manufacturer and an online retail platform participat...To explore the impact of partial centralization on supply chain performance,this study constructs a two-period game model of a closed-loop supply chain involving a manufacturer and an online retail platform participating in the trade-in strategy.Through mathematical modeling and numerical simulation methods,the optimal decisions were analyzed under conditions where the manufacturer partially owns the retail platform’s partial equity.This study finds that partial centralization yields the highest profits,followed by full centralization,with decentralized decisions yielding the lowest profits.Moderate centralization enhances overall profits by optimizing incentive mechanisms,whereas excessive ownership concentration reduces the flexibility of the retail platform,leading to a decline in profits.Additionally,product durability and trade-in subsidy significantly influence supply chain profitability:high-durability products reduce renewal frequency,while trade-in subsidy effectively stimulates consumer demand and increase overall profits.This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for companies implementing the trade-in strategy.展开更多
In this paper,we mainly investigate the forms of entire solutions for certain Fermattype partial differential-difference equations in C^(2)by using Nevanlinna’s theory of several complex variables.
In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs a...In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.展开更多
In essence,the negotiation of license fees on standard essential patent(SEP)belongs to a kind of market be⁃havior,and the pricing right should be given to the market subjects under the requirements of patent law.In re...In essence,the negotiation of license fees on standard essential patent(SEP)belongs to a kind of market be⁃havior,and the pricing right should be given to the market subjects under the requirements of patent law.In recent years,the frequent disputes on SEP license fees witnessed in the industrial and academic worlds,together with the lack of systematic supporting functions like FRAND,make SEP pricing excessively reliant on judicial judgment in practice.Fortunately,a variety of pricing methods have been proposed by theoretical research and practiced in judicial cases,which provide possible solutions for the license fee pricing of SEP from the operational level.In this paper,by focusing on the characteristics of the existing SEP pricing methods in the academic fields and judicial system,the dispute caused by license fees of SEP is clarified firstly,then by combining and interpreting twelve existing pricing methods of license fee of SEP with academic literature and judicial cases,four categories of methods are composed based on the application stages and calculation logic.Thirdly,the application barriers and dilemmas caused by the inherent limita⁃tions of the four categories of methods are analyzed,and the possible ways to put these methods into practice are ex⁃plored.Lastly,suggestions are presented from the aspects of preconditions for application,pricing stages,dispute reso⁃lution mechanisms,and comprehensive applications.The purpose of this paper is to provide enlightenment for getting back on track with the pricing right and further optimization of the pricing mechanism of license fees of SEP.展开更多
Amid the global shift toward climate governance and low-carbon transformation,accurately quantifying environmental risk factors within green bond pricing mechanisms has emerged as a critical issue.Drawing on data from...Amid the global shift toward climate governance and low-carbon transformation,accurately quantifying environmental risk factors within green bond pricing mechanisms has emerged as a critical issue.Drawing on data from China’s green bond market between 2018 and 2023,this study develops a multifactor pricing model that integrates environmental risk premiums.Through regression analysis,it empirically investigates the effects of environmental reputation,transparency of information disclosure,and third-party certification on bond risk premiums.The results indicate that green-labeled bonds carry,on average,a 42.6 basis point lower risk premium compared to non-green bonds,while third-party certification further reduces this premium by an additional 54.1 basis points.Moreover,a one standard deviation improvement in the quality of environmental information disclosure leads to a reduction in bond financing costs by approximately 18 to 25 basis points.Issuers operating in high-energy-consuming industries bear significantly higher environmental risk premiums relative to those in low-energy-consuming sectors.By integrating an ESG scoring framework into bond pricing,this study reveals the transmission channels of environmental risks into market pricing and provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing pricing benchmarks in the green bond market.展开更多
Based on the first-order correlation function of light,we propose analogous optical coherent states(AOCSs)sourced by partially coherent beams,which can nondiffractively propagate with sinusoidal oscillation in the har...Based on the first-order correlation function of light,we propose analogous optical coherent states(AOCSs)sourced by partially coherent beams,which can nondiffractively propagate with sinusoidal oscillation in the harmonic potential when the nondiffraction propagation matching condition(NPMC)is met.Unlike the traditional quantum coherent state,the minimum uncertainty of AOCS is related to the coherence of light,and only when the NPMC is met,its uncertainty is the least.Furthermore,based on the mathematical similarity between the Schrödinger and the Helmholtz equations,we find that our proposed AOCSs correspond to the partially coherent steady states of the harmonic oscillator.Our research not only increases the understanding of the coherence of light and enriches the types of nondiffraction beams but also increases the understanding of the quantum coherence regulating the evolution of probability waves.展开更多
This study selected 45 A-share listed companies that have paid dividends for five consecutive years from 2019 to 2024,with an average dividend yield of at least 3%,as the sample.Using a panel data model,the effect of ...This study selected 45 A-share listed companies that have paid dividends for five consecutive years from 2019 to 2024,with an average dividend yield of at least 3%,as the sample.Using a panel data model,the effect of the cash dividend ratio on stock pricing was analyzed.The empirical results indicated a significant positive relationship between the cash dividend ratio and stock price.Furthermore,stocks with high dividend payouts demonstrated greater resilience during macroeconomic downturns,while notable differences were observed across industries.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for investors in making informed decisions and offer practical guidance for listed companies in formulating effective dividend policies.展开更多
Introduction:Radical cystectomy with pelvic node dissection remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma(MIBC);however,there is a growing interest in bladder preservation alternatives among the e...Introduction:Radical cystectomy with pelvic node dissection remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma(MIBC);however,there is a growing interest in bladder preservation alternatives among the elderly population.Guidelines indicate that partial cystectomy(PC)combined with pelvic node dissection(LND)can be considered as an alternative in carefully selected individuals.Using the National Cancer Database,we analyzed the overall survival(OS)between PC with and without LND among octogenarians.Methods:We identified octogenarians with localized muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma(cT2-3N0M0)and urothelial histology who underwent PC with or without LND between 2004 and 2018.Based on the number of lymph nodes removed(LNR),the LND group was further subdivided into<10 and>=10 lymph node groups.A propensity-matched Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare OS between these groups.Results:Among 2573 patients who underwent PC,492 octogenarians met our selection criteria.208(42.2%)had LND,while 284(57.8%)had no LND.Within the LND group,53(25.5%)had<10 LNR,and 155(74.5%)had>=10 LNR.The median OS for the matched LND and non-LND groups was 36.9 and 33.4 months(p=0.96),respectively.Similarly,<10 LNR and>=10 LNR had 36.9 and 43.5 months(p=0.42),respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed no difference in the risk of mortality.Conclusion:Among octogenarians who underwent PC,there was no significant difference in OS between those with or without LND,and between<10 or>=10 LNR groups.Therefore,the role and extent of LND after PC need further exploration in this subset of the population.展开更多
Between 2016 and 2024,the Chinese government incorporated several innovative drugs into the National Reimbursement Drug List(NRDL)through price negotiations.These negotiations led to significant price reductions,which...Between 2016 and 2024,the Chinese government incorporated several innovative drugs into the National Reimbursement Drug List(NRDL)through price negotiations.These negotiations led to significant price reductions,which in turn stimulated an increase in sales.This study aimed to assess the impact of this policy on the pricing,utilization,and overall expenditure of targeted lung cancer therapies included in the NRDL.Using an interrupted time series analysis of procurement data from 698 healthcare institutions,the study evaluated both immediate and long-term effects.In terms of immediate effects,price negotiations resulted in a significant decline in the defined daily dose cost(DDDc)for all targeted therapies(P<0.05).Regarding long-term trends,a significant shift was observed only in the pricing trajectory of Gefitinib,Icotinib,and Ensartinib(P<0.05).In terms of immediate effects on drug utilization,all targeted medicines experienced a substantial increase in volume(P<0.05),except for Gefitinib and Icotinib.Over the long term,the usage of all targeted therapies exhibited a significant upward trend(P<0.05).With respect to expenditure,the immediate impact of NRDL inclusion resulted in a significant increase in spending on Afatinib,Crizotinib,Osimertinib,Alectinib,and Ensartinib(P<0.05).Over time,total spending on targeted medicines showed a significant increase(P<0.05),except for Erlotinib.Overall,NRDL price negotiations successfully reduced the economic burden on lung cancer patients,improving both accessibility and affordability of targeted therapies in China.展开更多
We present a quantum ranging protocol that overcomes photon-loss limitations using optimized partially frequencyentangled states.By establishing the fundamental relationship between the degree of entanglement,channel ...We present a quantum ranging protocol that overcomes photon-loss limitations using optimized partially frequencyentangled states.By establishing the fundamental relationship between the degree of entanglement,channel transmission efficiency and measurement precision,we demonstrate superclassical timing resolution in both lossless and lossy regimes.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations reveal that,under a lossless channel,the precision gain increases with the degree of entanglement,approaching the Heisenberg limit.Importantly,in lossy channels,the precision gain is significantly influenced by both the channel transmission efficiency and the degree of entanglement.For transmission efficiencies above50%,the proposed method provides up to 1.5 times the precision gain of classical methods when entanglement parameters are optimized.Moreover,by optimizing intra-group and inter-group covariances in the multi-structured entangled state,we achieve substantial precision gains even at low transmission efficiencies(~30%),demonstrating its robustness against loss.This study resolves the critical trade-off between entanglement-enhanced precision and loss-induced information degradation.Future implementation could extend to satellite-based quantum positioning,remote sensing,quantum illumination,and other fields that require high-precision ranging in lossy environments.The protocol establishes a universal framework for loss-tolerant quantum metrology,advancing the practical deployment of quantum-enhanced sensing in real-world applications.展开更多
Objective:Nowadays robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)represents the standard of care for clinical T1(cT1)renal masses,providing similar oncological outcomes when compared to open or laparoscopic PN with advantag...Objective:Nowadays robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)represents the standard of care for clinical T1(cT1)renal masses,providing similar oncological outcomes when compared to open or laparoscopic PN with advantages in terms of functional outcomes and lower perioperative comorbidity,when compared to radical nephrectomy.Methods:We performed an extensive literature review of studies regarding RAPN,its evolution,technical aspects and applications,and new technological tools using different combinations of Medical Subject Headings terms“RAPN”,“partial nephrectomy”,“robot-assisted”,“nephron-sparing surgery”,“renal cell carcinoma”,“complex renal masses”,“endophytic renal masses”,and“bilateral renal tumors”.Results:A consistent body of evidence was selected,including original articles,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,and clinical trials having RAPN as the central focus in adult patients,with all its technical nuances.We started our narrative review with a background on PN and its evolution toward the robotic era with a special spotlight on the extending indications for PN in large and highly complex renal masses.Our review continued with an overview of nephron-sparing surgery in bilateral and recurrent masses.RAPN for bilateral synchronous renal masses represents a challenging scenario with no formal recommendations provided by international guidelines and controversial management and decision-making.Additionally,we reported evidence on redo RAPN which seems to be safe and effective.A final overview of the available technological tools,and in particular on three-dimensional reconstruction was provided.Conclusion:RAPN has been established as the standard of care for cT1 renal masses with an expanding spectrum of applications in different scenarios,including large(cT2),highly complex,and bilateral renal masses,as well as the surgical treatment of local recurrences after nephron-sparing surgery with acknowledged advantages in terms of functional outcomes and perioperative risk profiles while maintaining similar oncological outcomes when compared to open or laparoscopic PN and radical treatment.展开更多
Quantum link models(QLMs)serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.In this work,we investigate information scrambling in the partially conf...Quantum link models(QLMs)serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.In this work,we investigate information scrambling in the partially confined phase of a spin-1 quantum link model by calculating the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators(OTOCs)and entanglement entropy.We observe that,in the partially confined phase,information scrambling exhibits significant asymmetry,manifested as the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy.This phenomenon stands in stark contrast to the isotropic spreading observed in the deconfined phase and the localization characteristic of the confined phase.Furthermore,the simultaneous occurrence of the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy,together with the q-induced asymmetric excitation propagation,reveals a direct connection between information scrambling and charge confinement.展开更多
文摘针对三维激光标靶球定位模型中的系数矩阵存在随机元素和非随机元素以及考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关的情况,引入基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘(Weighted Total Least Squares,WTLS)方法进行求解。模拟实验结果表明,在顾及观测向量与系数矩阵存在相关性时,基于Partial EIV模型的相关观测加权总体最小二乘方法解算的参数结果更加接近真值,且精度更高。进一步将该方法应用于实际案例数据中,结果表明,在实际计算时有必要考虑到观测向量与系数矩阵之间的相关性,以提高参数解算精度。本文可补充和完善三维激光扫描标靶球定位技术方法。
文摘Liver regeneration(LR)following partial hepatectomy(PH)is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events.Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process,LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy,triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress.These promote LR through endothelial–hepatocyte communication via activation of Piezo1-a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.This channel is considered one of the potential upstream activators of molecular cascades including the interleukin(IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumour necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B,Wnt/β-catenin,Hippo/YAP,transforming growth factor-beta,and Notch pathways,which contribute variably to the proliferation,differentiation,or suppression of hepatic cells.Novel insights into the IL-22 and IL-33 signaling axes,bile acid and glutamine metabolism,and the role of intestinal microbiota are also presented as promising emerging targets.This review synthesizes current insights into the interplay between mechanical cues,key signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming that govern early regenerative responses.We explore the mechanisms dictating the balance between hyperplasia and hypertrophy,noting that hypertrophy predominates after minor resections,while proliferation is dominant in larger resections.Polyploidization emerges as a significant adaptive mechanism,contributing to hepatocyte survival and tissue remodeling.The importance of ductular reactions,microvascular adjustments,and extracellular matrix dynamics in lobular architecture remodeling is also highlighted.The study explores the occurrence of ductular reactions in both minor and major resections,particularly within the granulation tissue near dissection areas.The paper also examines structural remodeling in regenerated liver tissue,demonstrating ongoing transformations in hepatocyte morphology and sinusoidal architecture even months after PH,and emphasizing that the termination of liver mass regrowth does not equate to the cessation of LR.
基金supported by the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(2023ZY0020)Key R&D and Achievement Transformation Project in InnerMongolia Autonomous Region(2022YFHH0019)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology(2022053)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2022LHQN05002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52067018)Metallurgical Engineering First-Class Discipline Construction Project in Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Control Science and Engineering Quality Improvement and Cultivation Discipline Project in Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology。
文摘In this paper,a bilevel optimization model of an integrated energy operator(IEO)–load aggregator(LA)is constructed to address the coordinate optimization challenge of multiple stakeholder island integrated energy system(IIES).The upper level represents the integrated energy operator,and the lower level is the electricity-heatgas load aggregator.Owing to the benefit conflict between the upper and lower levels of the IIES,a dynamic pricing mechanism for coordinating the interests of the upper and lower levels is proposed,combined with factors such as the carbon emissions of the IIES,as well as the lower load interruption power.The price of selling energy can be dynamically adjusted to the lower LA in the mechanism,according to the information on carbon emissions and load interruption power.Mutual benefits and win-win situations are achieved between the upper and lower multistakeholders.Finally,CPLEX is used to iteratively solve the bilevel optimization model.The optimal solution is selected according to the joint optimal discrimination mechanism.Thesimulation results indicate that the sourceload coordinate operation can reduce the upper and lower operation costs.Using the proposed pricingmechanism,the carbon emissions and load interruption power of IEO-LA are reduced by 9.78%and 70.19%,respectively,and the capture power of the carbon capture equipment is improved by 36.24%.The validity of the proposed model and method is verified.
文摘By introducing noncanonical vortex pairs to partially coherent beams, spatial correlation singularity (SCS) and orbital angular momenta (OAM) of the resulting beams are studied using the Fraunhofer diffraction integral. The effect of noncanonical strength, off-axis distance and vortex sign on spatial correlation singularities in far field is stressed. Furthermore, far-field OAM spectra and densities are also investigated, and the OAM detection and crosstalk probabilities are discussed. The results show that the number of dislocations of SCS always equals the sum of absolute values of topological charges for canonical or noncanonical vortex pairs. Although the sum of the product of each OAM mode and its power weight equals the algebraic sum of topological charges for canonical vortex pairs, the relationship no longer holds in the noncanonical case except for opposite-charge vortex pairs. The changes of off-axis distance, noncanonical strength or coherence length can lead to a more dominant power in adjacent mode than that in center detection mode, which also indicates that crosstalk probabilities of adjacent modes exceed the center detection probability. This work may provide potential applications in OAM-based optical communication, imaging, sensing and computing.
文摘Nodal pricing is a critical mechanism in electricity markets,utilized to determine the cost of power transmission to various nodes within a distribution network.As power systems evolve to incorporate higher levels of renewable energy and face increasing demand fluctuations,traditional nodal pricing models often fall short to meet these new challenges.This research introduces a novel enhanced nodal pricing mechanism for distribution networks,integrating advanced optimization techniques and hybrid models to overcome these limitations.The primary objective is to develop a model that not only improves pricing accuracy but also enhances operational efficiency and system reliability.This study leverages cutting-edge hybrid algorithms,combining elements of machine learning with conventional optimization methods,to achieve superior performance.Key findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid nodal pricing model significantly reduces pricing errors and operational costs compared to conventional methods.Through extensive simulations and comparative analysis,the model exhibits enhanced performance under varying load conditions and increased levels of renewable energy integration.The results indicate a substantial improvement in pricing precision and network stability.This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on optimizing electricity market mechanisms and provides actionable insights for policymakers and utility operators.By addressing the complexities of modern power distribution systems,our research offers a robust solution that enhances the efficiency and reliability of power distribution networks,marking a significant advancement in the field.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143010,32202646,and 32272848)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-39)the Key Special Project of Ningxia Science and Technology Department,China(2021BEF02024)the local grants,China(NXTS2021-001,2022GD-TSLD-46,NK2022010207,and NXTS2022-001)。
文摘Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52377161.
文摘The air gap at the interface inside the cable terminations for high-speed trains and the partial discharge caused by it are two important factors affecting the insulating performance.The development of air gap and partial discharge will eventually lead to breakdown faults.To investigate the evolutionary characteristics of the air gap and partial discharge,the simulation models and samples of cable terminations containing defects are constructed in this paper.By analysing the variation law of the electric field and the multidimensional information of partial discharge,the evolution process of the air gap is divided into four wellcharacterised stages.Especially in the third stage,the partial discharge extinction voltage is 51.41%lower than that of the defect-free samples and even lower than the working voltage.The asymmetry of discharge is the most significant factor.The volume of discharge in the third quadrant is significantly higher than that in the first quadrant.This important feature can be applied to the inspection and evaluation of the insulating state of the cable terminations.The partial discharge characteristics of the air gap revealed in this paper are proposed to provide an important theoretical supplement to the study of interface discharges between heterogeneous dielectrics.
基金Supported by the Key Laboratory Fund for Equipment Pre-Research(6142207210202)。
文摘Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small target detection method based on the tensor nuclear norm and direction residual weighting was proposed.Based on converting the infrared image into an infrared patch tensor model,from the perspective of the low-rank nature of the background tensor,and taking advantage of the difference in contrast between the background and the target in different directions,we designed a double-neighborhood local contrast based on direction residual weighting method(DNLCDRW)combined with the partial sum of tensor nuclear norm(PSTNN)to achieve effective background suppression and recovery of infrared small targets.Experiments show that the algorithm is effective in suppressing the background and improving the detection ability of the target.
文摘To explore the impact of partial centralization on supply chain performance,this study constructs a two-period game model of a closed-loop supply chain involving a manufacturer and an online retail platform participating in the trade-in strategy.Through mathematical modeling and numerical simulation methods,the optimal decisions were analyzed under conditions where the manufacturer partially owns the retail platform’s partial equity.This study finds that partial centralization yields the highest profits,followed by full centralization,with decentralized decisions yielding the lowest profits.Moderate centralization enhances overall profits by optimizing incentive mechanisms,whereas excessive ownership concentration reduces the flexibility of the retail platform,leading to a decline in profits.Additionally,product durability and trade-in subsidy significantly influence supply chain profitability:high-durability products reduce renewal frequency,while trade-in subsidy effectively stimulates consumer demand and increase overall profits.This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for companies implementing the trade-in strategy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971344).
文摘In this paper,we mainly investigate the forms of entire solutions for certain Fermattype partial differential-difference equations in C^(2)by using Nevanlinna’s theory of several complex variables.
文摘In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.
基金Hierarchical Identification and Cross-Layer Correlation of Key Core Technologies from the Perspective of Industrial Chain Structure (National Social Science Fund of China, 24BTQ067)Chongqing Education Commission (CEC) Funding:Research on the Co-governance Mechanism of Patent Quality Based on the Dual-Filter Perspective(24SKGH213)Chongqing Graduate Education and Teaching Funding:Research on the Interdisciplinary Law of Intellectual Property and Optimization of Graduate Talent Training Mode(yjg213122)。
文摘In essence,the negotiation of license fees on standard essential patent(SEP)belongs to a kind of market be⁃havior,and the pricing right should be given to the market subjects under the requirements of patent law.In recent years,the frequent disputes on SEP license fees witnessed in the industrial and academic worlds,together with the lack of systematic supporting functions like FRAND,make SEP pricing excessively reliant on judicial judgment in practice.Fortunately,a variety of pricing methods have been proposed by theoretical research and practiced in judicial cases,which provide possible solutions for the license fee pricing of SEP from the operational level.In this paper,by focusing on the characteristics of the existing SEP pricing methods in the academic fields and judicial system,the dispute caused by license fees of SEP is clarified firstly,then by combining and interpreting twelve existing pricing methods of license fee of SEP with academic literature and judicial cases,four categories of methods are composed based on the application stages and calculation logic.Thirdly,the application barriers and dilemmas caused by the inherent limita⁃tions of the four categories of methods are analyzed,and the possible ways to put these methods into practice are ex⁃plored.Lastly,suggestions are presented from the aspects of preconditions for application,pricing stages,dispute reso⁃lution mechanisms,and comprehensive applications.The purpose of this paper is to provide enlightenment for getting back on track with the pricing right and further optimization of the pricing mechanism of license fees of SEP.
文摘Amid the global shift toward climate governance and low-carbon transformation,accurately quantifying environmental risk factors within green bond pricing mechanisms has emerged as a critical issue.Drawing on data from China’s green bond market between 2018 and 2023,this study develops a multifactor pricing model that integrates environmental risk premiums.Through regression analysis,it empirically investigates the effects of environmental reputation,transparency of information disclosure,and third-party certification on bond risk premiums.The results indicate that green-labeled bonds carry,on average,a 42.6 basis point lower risk premium compared to non-green bonds,while third-party certification further reduces this premium by an additional 54.1 basis points.Moreover,a one standard deviation improvement in the quality of environmental information disclosure leads to a reduction in bond financing costs by approximately 18 to 25 basis points.Issuers operating in high-energy-consuming industries bear significantly higher environmental risk premiums relative to those in low-energy-consuming sectors.By integrating an ESG scoring framework into bond pricing,this study reveals the transmission channels of environmental risks into market pricing and provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing pricing benchmarks in the green bond market.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2022YFC2808203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474254 and 11804298).
文摘Based on the first-order correlation function of light,we propose analogous optical coherent states(AOCSs)sourced by partially coherent beams,which can nondiffractively propagate with sinusoidal oscillation in the harmonic potential when the nondiffraction propagation matching condition(NPMC)is met.Unlike the traditional quantum coherent state,the minimum uncertainty of AOCS is related to the coherence of light,and only when the NPMC is met,its uncertainty is the least.Furthermore,based on the mathematical similarity between the Schrödinger and the Helmholtz equations,we find that our proposed AOCSs correspond to the partially coherent steady states of the harmonic oscillator.Our research not only increases the understanding of the coherence of light and enriches the types of nondiffraction beams but also increases the understanding of the quantum coherence regulating the evolution of probability waves.
文摘This study selected 45 A-share listed companies that have paid dividends for five consecutive years from 2019 to 2024,with an average dividend yield of at least 3%,as the sample.Using a panel data model,the effect of the cash dividend ratio on stock pricing was analyzed.The empirical results indicated a significant positive relationship between the cash dividend ratio and stock price.Furthermore,stocks with high dividend payouts demonstrated greater resilience during macroeconomic downturns,while notable differences were observed across industries.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for investors in making informed decisions and offer practical guidance for listed companies in formulating effective dividend policies.
文摘Introduction:Radical cystectomy with pelvic node dissection remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma(MIBC);however,there is a growing interest in bladder preservation alternatives among the elderly population.Guidelines indicate that partial cystectomy(PC)combined with pelvic node dissection(LND)can be considered as an alternative in carefully selected individuals.Using the National Cancer Database,we analyzed the overall survival(OS)between PC with and without LND among octogenarians.Methods:We identified octogenarians with localized muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma(cT2-3N0M0)and urothelial histology who underwent PC with or without LND between 2004 and 2018.Based on the number of lymph nodes removed(LNR),the LND group was further subdivided into<10 and>=10 lymph node groups.A propensity-matched Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare OS between these groups.Results:Among 2573 patients who underwent PC,492 octogenarians met our selection criteria.208(42.2%)had LND,while 284(57.8%)had no LND.Within the LND group,53(25.5%)had<10 LNR,and 155(74.5%)had>=10 LNR.The median OS for the matched LND and non-LND groups was 36.9 and 33.4 months(p=0.96),respectively.Similarly,<10 LNR and>=10 LNR had 36.9 and 43.5 months(p=0.42),respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed no difference in the risk of mortality.Conclusion:Among octogenarians who underwent PC,there was no significant difference in OS between those with or without LND,and between<10 or>=10 LNR groups.Therefore,the role and extent of LND after PC need further exploration in this subset of the population.
基金Research on Innovative Method of Drug Rational Use Supervision Decision Based on Big Data of Medical Insurance(Grant No.82273899)。
文摘Between 2016 and 2024,the Chinese government incorporated several innovative drugs into the National Reimbursement Drug List(NRDL)through price negotiations.These negotiations led to significant price reductions,which in turn stimulated an increase in sales.This study aimed to assess the impact of this policy on the pricing,utilization,and overall expenditure of targeted lung cancer therapies included in the NRDL.Using an interrupted time series analysis of procurement data from 698 healthcare institutions,the study evaluated both immediate and long-term effects.In terms of immediate effects,price negotiations resulted in a significant decline in the defined daily dose cost(DDDc)for all targeted therapies(P<0.05).Regarding long-term trends,a significant shift was observed only in the pricing trajectory of Gefitinib,Icotinib,and Ensartinib(P<0.05).In terms of immediate effects on drug utilization,all targeted medicines experienced a substantial increase in volume(P<0.05),except for Gefitinib and Icotinib.Over the long term,the usage of all targeted therapies exhibited a significant upward trend(P<0.05).With respect to expenditure,the immediate impact of NRDL inclusion resulted in a significant increase in spending on Afatinib,Crizotinib,Osimertinib,Alectinib,and Ensartinib(P<0.05).Over time,total spending on targeted medicines showed a significant increase(P<0.05),except for Erlotinib.Overall,NRDL price negotiations successfully reduced the economic burden on lung cancer patients,improving both accessibility and affordability of targeted therapies in China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62071363)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2021LLRH-06)。
文摘We present a quantum ranging protocol that overcomes photon-loss limitations using optimized partially frequencyentangled states.By establishing the fundamental relationship between the degree of entanglement,channel transmission efficiency and measurement precision,we demonstrate superclassical timing resolution in both lossless and lossy regimes.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations reveal that,under a lossless channel,the precision gain increases with the degree of entanglement,approaching the Heisenberg limit.Importantly,in lossy channels,the precision gain is significantly influenced by both the channel transmission efficiency and the degree of entanglement.For transmission efficiencies above50%,the proposed method provides up to 1.5 times the precision gain of classical methods when entanglement parameters are optimized.Moreover,by optimizing intra-group and inter-group covariances in the multi-structured entangled state,we achieve substantial precision gains even at low transmission efficiencies(~30%),demonstrating its robustness against loss.This study resolves the critical trade-off between entanglement-enhanced precision and loss-induced information degradation.Future implementation could extend to satellite-based quantum positioning,remote sensing,quantum illumination,and other fields that require high-precision ranging in lossy environments.The protocol establishes a universal framework for loss-tolerant quantum metrology,advancing the practical deployment of quantum-enhanced sensing in real-world applications.
文摘Objective:Nowadays robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)represents the standard of care for clinical T1(cT1)renal masses,providing similar oncological outcomes when compared to open or laparoscopic PN with advantages in terms of functional outcomes and lower perioperative comorbidity,when compared to radical nephrectomy.Methods:We performed an extensive literature review of studies regarding RAPN,its evolution,technical aspects and applications,and new technological tools using different combinations of Medical Subject Headings terms“RAPN”,“partial nephrectomy”,“robot-assisted”,“nephron-sparing surgery”,“renal cell carcinoma”,“complex renal masses”,“endophytic renal masses”,and“bilateral renal tumors”.Results:A consistent body of evidence was selected,including original articles,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,and clinical trials having RAPN as the central focus in adult patients,with all its technical nuances.We started our narrative review with a background on PN and its evolution toward the robotic era with a special spotlight on the extending indications for PN in large and highly complex renal masses.Our review continued with an overview of nephron-sparing surgery in bilateral and recurrent masses.RAPN for bilateral synchronous renal masses represents a challenging scenario with no formal recommendations provided by international guidelines and controversial management and decision-making.Additionally,we reported evidence on redo RAPN which seems to be safe and effective.A final overview of the available technological tools,and in particular on three-dimensional reconstruction was provided.Conclusion:RAPN has been established as the standard of care for cT1 renal masses with an expanding spectrum of applications in different scenarios,including large(cT2),highly complex,and bilateral renal masses,as well as the surgical treatment of local recurrences after nephron-sparing surgery with acknowledged advantages in terms of functional outcomes and perioperative risk profiles while maintaining similar oncological outcomes when compared to open or laparoscopic PN and radical treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.GG2030007011 and GG2030040453)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302004)+1 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174236)the fund for the Shanxi 1331 Project.
文摘Quantum link models(QLMs)serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.In this work,we investigate information scrambling in the partially confined phase of a spin-1 quantum link model by calculating the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators(OTOCs)and entanglement entropy.We observe that,in the partially confined phase,information scrambling exhibits significant asymmetry,manifested as the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy.This phenomenon stands in stark contrast to the isotropic spreading observed in the deconfined phase and the localization characteristic of the confined phase.Furthermore,the simultaneous occurrence of the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy,together with the q-induced asymmetric excitation propagation,reveals a direct connection between information scrambling and charge confinement.
