As data mining more and more popular applied in computer system,the quality as-surance test of its software would be get more and more attention.However,because of the ex-istence of the 'oracle' problem,the tr...As data mining more and more popular applied in computer system,the quality as-surance test of its software would be get more and more attention.However,because of the ex-istence of the 'oracle' problem,the traditional test method is not ease fit for the application program in the field of the data mining.In this paper,based on metamorphic testing,a software testing method is proposed in the field of the data mining,makes an association rules algorithm as the specific case,and constructs the metamorphic relation on the algorithm.Experiences show that the method can achieve the testing target and is feasible to apply to other domain.展开更多
Sustainable trade requires verifiable,granular,and trustworthy data across multi-jurisdictional sup-ply chains.This paper argues that blockchain’s binding constraints are institutional,not technical,and proposes the ...Sustainable trade requires verifiable,granular,and trustworthy data across multi-jurisdictional sup-ply chains.This paper argues that blockchain’s binding constraints are institutional,not technical,and proposes the Green Trade Blockchain Governance Trilemma:no design can simultaneously maximize(i)transactional efficiency,(ii)regulatory verifiability,and(iii)decentralized governance with commercial privacy.Comparative cases—TradeLens,IBM Food Trust,Everledger,and Power Ledger—show divergent institutional choices and outcomes:TradeLens faltered under perceived hegemonic control;Food Trust succeeded via a buyer mandate;Everledger thrived through sym-biosis with trusted authorities;Power Ledger scaled within a regulatory sandbox.We further ana-lyze the Oracle Problem as the key limit to verifiability and assess privacy-enhancing technologies,especially zero-knowledge proofs,as partial mitigations that protect sensitive data while enabling compliance checks.We conclude that success hinges on context-specific institutional design—cer-tified oracles plus verifiable computation—rather than a one-size-fits-all stack,offering actionable guidance for policymakers,consortia,and firms building credible green-trade infrastructure.展开更多
文摘As data mining more and more popular applied in computer system,the quality as-surance test of its software would be get more and more attention.However,because of the ex-istence of the 'oracle' problem,the traditional test method is not ease fit for the application program in the field of the data mining.In this paper,based on metamorphic testing,a software testing method is proposed in the field of the data mining,makes an association rules algorithm as the specific case,and constructs the metamorphic relation on the algorithm.Experiences show that the method can achieve the testing target and is feasible to apply to other domain.
文摘Sustainable trade requires verifiable,granular,and trustworthy data across multi-jurisdictional sup-ply chains.This paper argues that blockchain’s binding constraints are institutional,not technical,and proposes the Green Trade Blockchain Governance Trilemma:no design can simultaneously maximize(i)transactional efficiency,(ii)regulatory verifiability,and(iii)decentralized governance with commercial privacy.Comparative cases—TradeLens,IBM Food Trust,Everledger,and Power Ledger—show divergent institutional choices and outcomes:TradeLens faltered under perceived hegemonic control;Food Trust succeeded via a buyer mandate;Everledger thrived through sym-biosis with trusted authorities;Power Ledger scaled within a regulatory sandbox.We further ana-lyze the Oracle Problem as the key limit to verifiability and assess privacy-enhancing technologies,especially zero-knowledge proofs,as partial mitigations that protect sensitive data while enabling compliance checks.We conclude that success hinges on context-specific institutional design—cer-tified oracles plus verifiable computation—rather than a one-size-fits-all stack,offering actionable guidance for policymakers,consortia,and firms building credible green-trade infrastructure.
