GNSS time series analysis provides an effective method for research on the earth's surface deformation,and it can be divided into two parts,deterministic models and stochastic models.The former part can be achieve...GNSS time series analysis provides an effective method for research on the earth's surface deformation,and it can be divided into two parts,deterministic models and stochastic models.The former part can be achieved by several parameters,such as polynomial terms,periodic terms,offsets,and post-seismic models.The latter contains some stochastic noises,which can be affected by detecting the former parameters.If there are not enough parameters assumed,modeling errors will occur and adversely affect the analysis results.In this study,we propose a processing strategy in which the commonly-used 1-order of the polynomial term can be replaced with different orders for better fitting GNSS time series of the Crustal Movement Network of China(CMONOC)stations.Initially,we use the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)to identify the best order within the range of 1-4 during the fitting process using the white noise plus power-law noise(WN+PL)model.Then,we compare the 1-order and the optimal order on the effect of deterministic models in GNSS time series,including the velocity and its uncertainty,amplitudes,and initial phases of the annual signals.The results indicate that the first-order polynomial in the GNSS time series is not the primary factor.The root mean square(RMS)reduction rates of almost all station components are positive,which means the new fitting of optimal-order polynomial helps to reduce the RMS of residual series.Most stations maintain the velocity difference(VD)within ±1 mm/yr,with percentages of 85.6%,81.9%and 63.4%in the North,East,and Up components,respectively.As for annual signals,the numbers of amplitude difference(AD)remained at ±0.2 mm are 242,239,and 200 in three components,accounting for 99.6%,98.4%,and 82.3%,respectively.This finding reminds us that the detection of the optimal-order polynomial is necessary when we aim to acquire an accurate understanding of the crustal movement features.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic effici...Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic efficiency.In this paper,aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output,considering the coupling relationship between power,carbon trading,and green cardmarket,the optimal operationmodel and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market,carbon trading market,and green card market are established.On this basis,through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory,the quantitative analysis of the total income and risk contribution of various distributed resources in the virtual power plant is realized.Moreover,the scheduling strategies of virtual power plants under different risk preferences are systematically compared,and the feasibility and accuracy of the combination of Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in ensuring fair income distribution and reasonable risk assessment are emphasized.A comprehensive solution for virtual power plants in the multi-market environment is constructed,which integrates operation strategy,income distribution mechanism,and risk control system into a unified analysis framework.Through the simulation of multi-scenario examples,the CPLEXsolver inMATLAB software is used to optimize themodel.The proposed joint optimization scheme can increase the profit of VPP participating in carbon trading and green certificate market by 29%.The total revenue of distributed resources managed by VPP is 9%higher than that of individual participation.展开更多
Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the...Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants(VPPs).The proposed strategy improves systemflexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources.In the proposed strategy,theGaussian Process Regression(GPR)is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP,facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support.Then,an optimal dispatch model based on a leader-follower game is developed to maximize the benefits of the VPP and flexible resources while guaranteeing the power balance at the same time.To solve the proposed optimal dispatch model efficiently,the constraints of the problem are reformulated and resolved using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimality conditions and linear programming duality theorem.The effectiveness of the strategy is illustrated through a detailed case study.展开更多
Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to thei...Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.展开更多
A parameter estimation algorithm of the continuous hidden Markov model isintroduced and the rigorous proof of its convergence is also included. The algorithm uses theViterbi algorithm instead of K-means clustering use...A parameter estimation algorithm of the continuous hidden Markov model isintroduced and the rigorous proof of its convergence is also included. The algorithm uses theViterbi algorithm instead of K-means clustering used in the segmental K-means algorithm to determineoptimal state and branch sequences. Based on the optimal sequence, parameters are estimated withmaximum-likelihood as objective functions. Comparisons with the traditional Baum-Welch and segmentalK-means algorithms on various aspects, such as optimal objectives and fundamentals, are made. Allthree algorithms are applied to face recognition. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm canreduce training time with comparable recognition rate and it is least sensitive to the training set.So its average performance exceeds the other two.展开更多
In rough communication, because each agent has a different language and cannot provide precise communication to each other, the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information and this results in a le...In rough communication, because each agent has a different language and cannot provide precise communication to each other, the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information and this results in a less or rougher concept. With different translation sequences, the problem of information loss is varied. To get the translation sequence, in which the jth agent taking part in rough communication gets maximum information, a simulated annealing algorithm is used. Analysis and simulation of this algorithm demonstrate its effectiveness.展开更多
For the anti-jamming purpose,frequency hopping sequences are required to have a large linear span. In this paper,we firstly give the linear span of a class of optimal frequency hopping sequences. The results show that...For the anti-jamming purpose,frequency hopping sequences are required to have a large linear span. In this paper,we firstly give the linear span of a class of optimal frequency hopping sequences. The results show that the linear span is very small compared with their periods. To improve the linear span,we transform these optimal frequency hopping sequences into new optimal frequency hopping sequences with large linear span by using a general type of permutation polynomials over a finite field. Furthermore,we give the exact values of the linear span of the transformed optimal frequency hopping sequences.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the minimum angle-jerk with via-point model could account for the temporal consistency of kinematics in sit-to-stand (STS) and back-to-sit (BTS) movements. ...The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the minimum angle-jerk with via-point model could account for the temporal consistency of kinematics in sit-to-stand (STS) and back-to-sit (BTS) movements. The positions of bony landmarks on the subjects during the tasks were recorded using a Vicon motion analysis system to yield the angular displacement and position of the center of mass (COM) of a three-link rigid body model in the sagittal plane. Minimum angle-jerk and minimum jerk trajectories with a via-point were computed for joint angle and COM, respectively. Five to six candidate points were selected as the via-point from the measured trajectory based on the separate kinematic events. The results show the optimal angular trajectories using the via-points (via-angles) before the seat-off for STS, and at around the seat-contact for BTS resembles the measured angular trajectories well, indicating that the posture at the via-point was temporally optimal to produce the minimum angle-jerk trajectory for both movements. It is hypothesized that the multi-joint angular patterns during STS and BTS movements were organized to pass through the via-point, namely the via-posture along the minimum angle-jerk trajectory.展开更多
This study tried to explore the ground movement induced by triple stacked tunneling(TST) with different construction sequences. A case study in Tianjin, China was used to investigate the ground movement during the TST...This study tried to explore the ground movement induced by triple stacked tunneling(TST) with different construction sequences. A case study in Tianjin, China was used to investigate the ground movement during the TST(upper tunneling(UT)). For this, a modified Peck formula was proposed to predict the surface settlement induced by TST. Next, three sets of finite element analyses(FEA) were used to compare the effects of construction sequences(i.e. UT, middle tunneling(MT), and lower tunneling(LT)) on vertical and lateral ground displacements. The results of Tianjin case and UT reveal that compared to a Gaussian distribution for a single tunnel, the surface settlement curve of triple stacked tunnels is a bimodal distribution. It seems that the proposed modified Peck formula can effectively predict the surface settlement induced by TST. The results of the three sets of FEA demonstrate that the construction sequence has a significant influence on the ground movement. Among the three construction sequences, the largest lateral displacement is observed in the MT and the smallest one in UT.The existing tunnel has an inhibitory effect on the vertical displacement. The maximum value of the lateral displacement occurs at the depth of the new tunnel in each construction sequence.展开更多
The study of phased array radar( PAR) pulse amplitude sequence characteristics is the key to understand the radar's working state and its beam's scanning manner.According to the principle of antenna pattern fo...The study of phased array radar( PAR) pulse amplitude sequence characteristics is the key to understand the radar's working state and its beam's scanning manner.According to the principle of antenna pattern formation and the searching and tracking modes of beams,this paper analyzes the characteristics and differences of pulse amplitude sequence when the radar beams work in searching and tracking modes respectively.Then an optimal sorting model of pulse amplitude sequence is established based on least-squares and curve-fitting methods.This method is helpful for acquiring the current working state of the radar and recognizing its instantaneous beam pointing by sorting the pulse amplitude sequence without the necessity to estimate the antenna pattern.展开更多
Since the inception of the optimal sequence estimation (OSE) method,various research teams have substantiated its efficacy as the optimal stacking technique for handling array data,leading to its successful applicatio...Since the inception of the optimal sequence estimation (OSE) method,various research teams have substantiated its efficacy as the optimal stacking technique for handling array data,leading to its successful application in numerous geoscience studies.Nevertheless,concerns persist regarding the potential impact of aliasing resulting from the choice of distinct station distributions on the outcomes derived from OSE.In this investigation,I employ theoretical deduction and experimental analysis to elucidate the reasons behind the immunity of the Y_(l'm')-related common signal obtained through OSE to variations in station distribution selection.The primary objective of OSE is also underscored,i.e.,to restore/strip a Y_(l'm')-related common periodic signal from various stations.Furthermore,I provide additional clarification that the‘Y_(l'm')-related common signal’and the‘Y_(l'm')-related equivalent excitation sequence’are distinct concepts.These analyses will facilitate the utilization of the OSE technique by other researchers in investigating intriguing geophysical phenomena and attaining sound explanations.展开更多
In this paper the MINLP method proposed in Part(Ⅰ)is illustrated by applying it tothe synthesis problem of non-sharp distillation sequences.A MINLP formulation for the synthesis ofdistillation sequences with non-shar...In this paper the MINLP method proposed in Part(Ⅰ)is illustrated by applying it tothe synthesis problem of non-sharp distillation sequences.A MINLP formulation for the synthesis ofdistillation sequences with non-sharp separation is proposed.In this formulation the recoveries of thekey components are introduced as optimization variables and this makes it possible to synthesize adistillation sequence with specified component recoveries,and at the same time,renders the MINLPproblem nonconvex.The solution procedure is illustrated with three example problems.展开更多
In this paper, a new scheme that combines Space-Time Block-Coding (STBC) based on an Alamouti-like scheme and the Least Squares (LS) channel estimation using optimal training sequences in Cyclic-Prefix-based (CP)\Sing...In this paper, a new scheme that combines Space-Time Block-Coding (STBC) based on an Alamouti-like scheme and the Least Squares (LS) channel estimation using optimal training sequences in Cyclic-Prefix-based (CP)\Single-Carrier (SC) systems is proposed. With two transmit antennas, based on Cramer-Rao lower bound for channel estimation, it is shown that the Periodic Comple- mentary Set (PCS) is optimal over frequency-selective fading channels. Compared with the normal scheme without STBC, 3dB Mean Square Error (MSE) performance gains and fewer restrictions on the length of channel impulse response are demonstrated.展开更多
Controlling human-like robots with musculoskeletal structure has been a challenging problem in engineering. In biological studies, motor synergy hypothesis has been proposed as a solution in order to control high degr...Controlling human-like robots with musculoskeletal structure has been a challenging problem in engineering. In biological studies, motor synergy hypothesis has been proposed as a solution in order to control high degree-of-freedom and complex human body. In this paper, we focus on exploring the applicability of motor synergies in generating goal-directed movements by optimal control in a human-like robotic arm. We focus on three problems： 1） Can motor synergies facilitate the solving of optimal control problem？ 2） What properties should motor synergies have in order to achieve tasks？ 3） How should motor synergies be utilized better？ For the first problem we show that goal-directed movements can be achieved by utilizing motor synergies which have properties of achieving the goals. For the second problem, we testify motor synergies which have different properties and discover that energy efficiency is an important aspect in motor synergies which can also be utilized to achieve goal-directed movements. This discovery also implies that we can obtain motor synergies by other ways rather than from goal-directed optimal control signals. For the third problem, we show that the control complexity can be further reduced by utilizing a subset of motor synergies which are effective to achieve goals.展开更多
This paper deals with part sequencing and optimal robot moves sequence in 2-machine robotic cells according to Petri net graph. We have assumed that the robotic cell is capable of producing same and different parts. W...This paper deals with part sequencing and optimal robot moves sequence in 2-machine robotic cells according to Petri net graph. We have assumed that the robotic cell is capable of producing same and different parts. We have considered a new motion cycle for robot moves sequence which is the development of existing motion cycles in 2-machine robotic cells. The main goal of this study is to minimize the cycle time by determining the optimal part sequencing and robot moves sequence in the robotic cell. So, we have proposed a model based on Petri network.展开更多
Based on conserved regions among genomic RNA of tobamoviruses, a pair of primers spanning the sequence encoding the movement protein were synthesized. A cDNA fragment of 1700bp was thus amplified by RT-PCR(reverse tra...Based on conserved regions among genomic RNA of tobamoviruses, a pair of primers spanning the sequence encoding the movement protein were synthesized. A cDNA fragment of 1700bp was thus amplified by RT-PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The fragment was cloned into pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis showed that the fragment contained a region of 768 nucleotides encoding protein of 256 amino acid of frangipani mosaic virus (FMV) and also partial sequence corresponding to 180ku and 17. 5ku protein.展开更多
The paper analyses time series that exhibit equilibrium states. It analyses the formation of equilibrium and how the system can return to the aforementioned equilibrium. The tool that is used in the aforementioned ana...The paper analyses time series that exhibit equilibrium states. It analyses the formation of equilibrium and how the system can return to the aforementioned equilibrium. The tool that is used in the aforementioned analysis is time optimal control in the phase plane. It is proved that equilibrium state is sustainable if initial state is not too far from the equilibrium as well as control vector is large enough. On the other hand, if initial state is one standard deviation away from equilibrium state, it is proved that equilibrium cannot be reached. It is the same case with control vector. If it is unbounded, time optimal control cannot be applied. The approach that is introduced represents unconventional method of analysing equilibrium in time series.展开更多
In rough communication,because each agent has a different language and can not provide precise communication to each other,the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information,and this results in a les...In rough communication,because each agent has a different language and can not provide precise communication to each other,the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information,and this results in a less or rougher concept.With different translation sequences the amount of the missed knowledge is varied.Theλ-optimal translation sequence of rough communication,which concerns both every agent and the last agent taking part in rough communication to get information as much as he(or she)can,is given.In order to get theλ-optimal translation sequence,a genetic algorithm is used.Analysis and simulation of the algorithm demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.展开更多
The optimal design of training sequences for channel estimation in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems under spatially correlated fading is considered.The channel is assumed to be a block-fading model with spa...The optimal design of training sequences for channel estimation in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems under spatially correlated fading is considered.The channel is assumed to be a block-fading model with spatial correlation known at both the transmitter and the receiver.To minimize the channel estimation error,optimal training sequences are designed to exploit full information of the spatial correlation under the criterion of minimum mean square error(MMSE).It is investigated that the spatial correlation is helpful to decrease the estimation error and the proposed training sequences have good performance via simulations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42404017,42122025 and 42174030).
文摘GNSS time series analysis provides an effective method for research on the earth's surface deformation,and it can be divided into two parts,deterministic models and stochastic models.The former part can be achieved by several parameters,such as polynomial terms,periodic terms,offsets,and post-seismic models.The latter contains some stochastic noises,which can be affected by detecting the former parameters.If there are not enough parameters assumed,modeling errors will occur and adversely affect the analysis results.In this study,we propose a processing strategy in which the commonly-used 1-order of the polynomial term can be replaced with different orders for better fitting GNSS time series of the Crustal Movement Network of China(CMONOC)stations.Initially,we use the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)to identify the best order within the range of 1-4 during the fitting process using the white noise plus power-law noise(WN+PL)model.Then,we compare the 1-order and the optimal order on the effect of deterministic models in GNSS time series,including the velocity and its uncertainty,amplitudes,and initial phases of the annual signals.The results indicate that the first-order polynomial in the GNSS time series is not the primary factor.The root mean square(RMS)reduction rates of almost all station components are positive,which means the new fitting of optimal-order polynomial helps to reduce the RMS of residual series.Most stations maintain the velocity difference(VD)within ±1 mm/yr,with percentages of 85.6%,81.9%and 63.4%in the North,East,and Up components,respectively.As for annual signals,the numbers of amplitude difference(AD)remained at ±0.2 mm are 242,239,and 200 in three components,accounting for 99.6%,98.4%,and 82.3%,respectively.This finding reminds us that the detection of the optimal-order polynomial is necessary when we aim to acquire an accurate understanding of the crustal movement features.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金funded by the Department of Education of Liaoning Province and was supported by the Basic Scientific Research Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Grant No.LJ222411632051)and(Grant No.LJKQZ2021085)Natural Science Foundation Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022-BS-222).
文摘Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic efficiency.In this paper,aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output,considering the coupling relationship between power,carbon trading,and green cardmarket,the optimal operationmodel and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market,carbon trading market,and green card market are established.On this basis,through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory,the quantitative analysis of the total income and risk contribution of various distributed resources in the virtual power plant is realized.Moreover,the scheduling strategies of virtual power plants under different risk preferences are systematically compared,and the feasibility and accuracy of the combination of Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in ensuring fair income distribution and reasonable risk assessment are emphasized.A comprehensive solution for virtual power plants in the multi-market environment is constructed,which integrates operation strategy,income distribution mechanism,and risk control system into a unified analysis framework.Through the simulation of multi-scenario examples,the CPLEXsolver inMATLAB software is used to optimize themodel.The proposed joint optimization scheme can increase the profit of VPP participating in carbon trading and green certificate market by 29%.The total revenue of distributed resources managed by VPP is 9%higher than that of individual participation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Electric Power Company“Power Supply Guarantee Strategy for Urban Distribution Networks Considering Coordination with Virtual Power Plant during Extreme Weather Event”(No.521920230003).
文摘Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants(VPPs).The proposed strategy improves systemflexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources.In the proposed strategy,theGaussian Process Regression(GPR)is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP,facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support.Then,an optimal dispatch model based on a leader-follower game is developed to maximize the benefits of the VPP and flexible resources while guaranteeing the power balance at the same time.To solve the proposed optimal dispatch model efficiently,the constraints of the problem are reformulated and resolved using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimality conditions and linear programming duality theorem.The effectiveness of the strategy is illustrated through a detailed case study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12475012,62461160263 for P.W.,and 62276171 for H.L.)Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Project No.2023ZD0300600 for P.W.)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative (Grant Nos.GDZX240-3009 and GDZX2303005 for P.W.)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2024-A1515011938 for H.L.)Shenzhen Fundamental ResearchGeneral Project (Grant No.JCYJ20240813141503005 for H.L.)the Talents Introduction Foundation of Beijing Normal University (Grant No.310432106 for P.W.)。
文摘Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.
文摘A parameter estimation algorithm of the continuous hidden Markov model isintroduced and the rigorous proof of its convergence is also included. The algorithm uses theViterbi algorithm instead of K-means clustering used in the segmental K-means algorithm to determineoptimal state and branch sequences. Based on the optimal sequence, parameters are estimated withmaximum-likelihood as objective functions. Comparisons with the traditional Baum-Welch and segmentalK-means algorithms on various aspects, such as optimal objectives and fundamentals, are made. Allthree algorithms are applied to face recognition. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm canreduce training time with comparable recognition rate and it is least sensitive to the training set.So its average performance exceeds the other two.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2006A12)the Scientific ResearchDevelopment Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department(J06P01)the Doctoral Foundation of University of Jinan(B0633).
文摘In rough communication, because each agent has a different language and cannot provide precise communication to each other, the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information and this results in a less or rougher concept. With different translation sequences, the problem of information loss is varied. To get the translation sequence, in which the jth agent taking part in rough communication gets maximum information, a simulated annealing algorithm is used. Analysis and simulation of this algorithm demonstrate its effectiveness.
基金supported by 973 project (No.2007CB311201)Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60833008)+1 种基金111 project (No.B08038)Foundation of Guangxi Key Lab. of Infor. and Comm. (20902)
文摘For the anti-jamming purpose,frequency hopping sequences are required to have a large linear span. In this paper,we firstly give the linear span of a class of optimal frequency hopping sequences. The results show that the linear span is very small compared with their periods. To improve the linear span,we transform these optimal frequency hopping sequences into new optimal frequency hopping sequences with large linear span by using a general type of permutation polynomials over a finite field. Furthermore,we give the exact values of the linear span of the transformed optimal frequency hopping sequences.
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the minimum angle-jerk with via-point model could account for the temporal consistency of kinematics in sit-to-stand (STS) and back-to-sit (BTS) movements. The positions of bony landmarks on the subjects during the tasks were recorded using a Vicon motion analysis system to yield the angular displacement and position of the center of mass (COM) of a three-link rigid body model in the sagittal plane. Minimum angle-jerk and minimum jerk trajectories with a via-point were computed for joint angle and COM, respectively. Five to six candidate points were selected as the via-point from the measured trajectory based on the separate kinematic events. The results show the optimal angular trajectories using the via-points (via-angles) before the seat-off for STS, and at around the seat-contact for BTS resembles the measured angular trajectories well, indicating that the posture at the via-point was temporally optimal to produce the minimum angle-jerk trajectory for both movements. It is hypothesized that the multi-joint angular patterns during STS and BTS movements were organized to pass through the via-point, namely the via-posture along the minimum angle-jerk trajectory.
基金financially supported by the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering (Grant No. SLDRCE17-01)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2017YFC0805402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51808387)。
文摘This study tried to explore the ground movement induced by triple stacked tunneling(TST) with different construction sequences. A case study in Tianjin, China was used to investigate the ground movement during the TST(upper tunneling(UT)). For this, a modified Peck formula was proposed to predict the surface settlement induced by TST. Next, three sets of finite element analyses(FEA) were used to compare the effects of construction sequences(i.e. UT, middle tunneling(MT), and lower tunneling(LT)) on vertical and lateral ground displacements. The results of Tianjin case and UT reveal that compared to a Gaussian distribution for a single tunnel, the surface settlement curve of triple stacked tunnels is a bimodal distribution. It seems that the proposed modified Peck formula can effectively predict the surface settlement induced by TST. The results of the three sets of FEA demonstrate that the construction sequence has a significant influence on the ground movement. Among the three construction sequences, the largest lateral displacement is observed in the MT and the smallest one in UT.The existing tunnel has an inhibitory effect on the vertical displacement. The maximum value of the lateral displacement occurs at the depth of the new tunnel in each construction sequence.
文摘The study of phased array radar( PAR) pulse amplitude sequence characteristics is the key to understand the radar's working state and its beam's scanning manner.According to the principle of antenna pattern formation and the searching and tracking modes of beams,this paper analyzes the characteristics and differences of pulse amplitude sequence when the radar beams work in searching and tracking modes respectively.Then an optimal sorting model of pulse amplitude sequence is established based on least-squares and curve-fitting methods.This method is helpful for acquiring the current working state of the radar and recognizing its instantaneous beam pointing by sorting the pulse amplitude sequence without the necessity to estimate the antenna pattern.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants:42388102,42192533,and 42192531)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant:2042023kfyq01)the Project Supported by the Special Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory (Grant:220100002)。
文摘Since the inception of the optimal sequence estimation (OSE) method,various research teams have substantiated its efficacy as the optimal stacking technique for handling array data,leading to its successful application in numerous geoscience studies.Nevertheless,concerns persist regarding the potential impact of aliasing resulting from the choice of distinct station distributions on the outcomes derived from OSE.In this investigation,I employ theoretical deduction and experimental analysis to elucidate the reasons behind the immunity of the Y_(l'm')-related common signal obtained through OSE to variations in station distribution selection.The primary objective of OSE is also underscored,i.e.,to restore/strip a Y_(l'm')-related common periodic signal from various stations.Furthermore,I provide additional clarification that the‘Y_(l'm')-related common signal’and the‘Y_(l'm')-related equivalent excitation sequence’are distinct concepts.These analyses will facilitate the utilization of the OSE technique by other researchers in investigating intriguing geophysical phenomena and attaining sound explanations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper the MINLP method proposed in Part(Ⅰ)is illustrated by applying it tothe synthesis problem of non-sharp distillation sequences.A MINLP formulation for the synthesis ofdistillation sequences with non-sharp separation is proposed.In this formulation the recoveries of thekey components are introduced as optimization variables and this makes it possible to synthesize adistillation sequence with specified component recoveries,and at the same time,renders the MINLPproblem nonconvex.The solution procedure is illustrated with three example problems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60472089, No.90604035).
文摘In this paper, a new scheme that combines Space-Time Block-Coding (STBC) based on an Alamouti-like scheme and the Least Squares (LS) channel estimation using optimal training sequences in Cyclic-Prefix-based (CP)\Single-Carrier (SC) systems is proposed. With two transmit antennas, based on Cramer-Rao lower bound for channel estimation, it is shown that the Periodic Comple- mentary Set (PCS) is optimal over frequency-selective fading channels. Compared with the normal scheme without STBC, 3dB Mean Square Error (MSE) performance gains and fewer restrictions on the length of channel impulse response are demonstrated.
文摘Controlling human-like robots with musculoskeletal structure has been a challenging problem in engineering. In biological studies, motor synergy hypothesis has been proposed as a solution in order to control high degree-of-freedom and complex human body. In this paper, we focus on exploring the applicability of motor synergies in generating goal-directed movements by optimal control in a human-like robotic arm. We focus on three problems： 1） Can motor synergies facilitate the solving of optimal control problem？ 2） What properties should motor synergies have in order to achieve tasks？ 3） How should motor synergies be utilized better？ For the first problem we show that goal-directed movements can be achieved by utilizing motor synergies which have properties of achieving the goals. For the second problem, we testify motor synergies which have different properties and discover that energy efficiency is an important aspect in motor synergies which can also be utilized to achieve goal-directed movements. This discovery also implies that we can obtain motor synergies by other ways rather than from goal-directed optimal control signals. For the third problem, we show that the control complexity can be further reduced by utilizing a subset of motor synergies which are effective to achieve goals.
文摘This paper deals with part sequencing and optimal robot moves sequence in 2-machine robotic cells according to Petri net graph. We have assumed that the robotic cell is capable of producing same and different parts. We have considered a new motion cycle for robot moves sequence which is the development of existing motion cycles in 2-machine robotic cells. The main goal of this study is to minimize the cycle time by determining the optimal part sequencing and robot moves sequence in the robotic cell. So, we have proposed a model based on Petri network.
文摘Based on conserved regions among genomic RNA of tobamoviruses, a pair of primers spanning the sequence encoding the movement protein were synthesized. A cDNA fragment of 1700bp was thus amplified by RT-PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The fragment was cloned into pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis showed that the fragment contained a region of 768 nucleotides encoding protein of 256 amino acid of frangipani mosaic virus (FMV) and also partial sequence corresponding to 180ku and 17. 5ku protein.
文摘The paper analyses time series that exhibit equilibrium states. It analyses the formation of equilibrium and how the system can return to the aforementioned equilibrium. The tool that is used in the aforementioned analysis is time optimal control in the phase plane. It is proved that equilibrium state is sustainable if initial state is not too far from the equilibrium as well as control vector is large enough. On the other hand, if initial state is one standard deviation away from equilibrium state, it is proved that equilibrium cannot be reached. It is the same case with control vector. If it is unbounded, time optimal control cannot be applied. The approach that is introduced represents unconventional method of analysing equilibrium in time series.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61070241)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2010FM035)the Science and Technology Foundation of University of Jinan(XKY1031,XKY0808)
文摘In rough communication,because each agent has a different language and can not provide precise communication to each other,the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information,and this results in a less or rougher concept.With different translation sequences the amount of the missed knowledge is varied.Theλ-optimal translation sequence of rough communication,which concerns both every agent and the last agent taking part in rough communication to get information as much as he(or she)can,is given.In order to get theλ-optimal translation sequence,a genetic algorithm is used.Analysis and simulation of the algorithm demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(60725105)the SixthProject of the Key Project of National Nature Science Foundation of China(60496316)+2 种基金the National"863"Project(2007AA012288)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(60572146)the"111"Project(B08038).
文摘The optimal design of training sequences for channel estimation in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems under spatially correlated fading is considered.The channel is assumed to be a block-fading model with spatial correlation known at both the transmitter and the receiver.To minimize the channel estimation error,optimal training sequences are designed to exploit full information of the spatial correlation under the criterion of minimum mean square error(MMSE).It is investigated that the spatial correlation is helpful to decrease the estimation error and the proposed training sequences have good performance via simulations.
