A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor （TOP） is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units （BOUs） and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experimen...A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor （TOP） is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units （BOUs） and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experiment. Results of the test cases elaborately cover the every combination of BOUs and all the nine inputs of ternary processor. Both the experiment process and results analysis are given in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory of reconfiguring a TOP is valid and that the reconfiguration circuitry is effective.展开更多
Optical computing holds promise for high-speed,energy-efficient information processing,with diffractive optical networks emerging as a flexible platform for implementing task-specific transformations.A challenge,howev...Optical computing holds promise for high-speed,energy-efficient information processing,with diffractive optical networks emerging as a flexible platform for implementing task-specific transformations.A challenge,however,is the effective optimization and alignment of the diffractive layers,which is hindered by the difficulty of accurately modeling physical systems with their inherent hardware imperfections,noise,and misalignments.While existing in situ optimization methods offer the advantage of direct training on the physical system without explicit system modeling,they are often limited by slow convergence and unstable performance due to inefficient use of limited measurement data.Here,we introduce a model-free reinforcement learning approach utilizing Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)for the in situ training of diffractive optical processors.PPO efficiently reuses in situ measurement data and constrains policy updates to ensure more stable and faster convergence.We validated our method through both simulations and experiments across a range of in situ learning tasks,including targeted energy focusing through a random diffuser,image generation,aberration correction,and optical image classification,demonstrating in each task better convergence and performance.Our strategy operates directly on the physical system and naturally accounts for unknown real-world imperfections,eliminating the need for prior system knowledge or modeling.By enabling faster and more accurate training under realistic experimental constraints,this in situ reinforcement learning approach could offer a scalable framework for various optical and physical systems governed by complex,feedback-driven dynamics.展开更多
We present a broadband and polarization-insensitive unidirectional imager that operates at the visible part of the spectrum,where image formation occurs in one direction,while in the opposite direction,it is blocked.T...We present a broadband and polarization-insensitive unidirectional imager that operates at the visible part of the spectrum,where image formation occurs in one direction,while in the opposite direction,it is blocked.This approach is enabled by deep learning-driven diffractive optical design with wafer-scale nano-fabrication using high-purity fused silica to ensure optical transparency and thermal stability.Our design achieves unidirectional imaging across three visible wavelengths(covering red,green,and blue parts of the spectrum),and we experimentally validated this broadband unidirectional imager by creating high-fidelity images in the forward direction and generating weak,distorted output patterns in the backward direction,in alignment with our numerical simulations.This work demonstrates wafer-scale production of diffractive optical processors,featuring 16 levels of nanoscale phase features distributed across two axially aligned diffractive layers for visible unidirectional imaging.This approach facilitates mass-scale production of~0.5 billion nanoscale phase features per wafer,supporting high-throughput manufacturing of hundreds to thousands of multi-layer diffractive processors suitable for large apertures and parallel processing of multiple tasks.Beyond broadband unidirectional imaging in the visible spectrum,this study establishes a pathway for artificial-intelligence-enabled diffractive optics with versatile applications,signaling a new era in optical device functionality with industrial-level,massively scalable fabrication.展开更多
Developing new responsive materials whose physico-chemical properties can be controlled and tailored by external stimuli is fundamental for many modern technologies.In this framework,3D-printable photochromic material...Developing new responsive materials whose physico-chemical properties can be controlled and tailored by external stimuli is fundamental for many modern technologies.In this framework,3D-printable photochromic materials and systems for all-optical data processing might enable remote addressing,by optical control of their response with high spatiotemporal accuracy,thus supporting the development of new computing and sensing platforms with multidimensional fashion.Here,we introduce 3D-printable photochromic materials based on either a spiropyran molecular system or a diarylethene derivative shaped by digital light processing.Dynamically controlling transmitted light by the intensity and sequence of incoming signals,these materials exhibit robust photoswitching cycles,long-term optically-textured information storage,and are used in 3D printed devices capable of all-optical arithmetic and logic processing.These compounds and devices open a route to new 3D all-organic all-optical computing platforms,and to new schemes and architectures for advanced microscopy,sensing,and physical intelligence.展开更多
Unidirectional imagers form images of input objects only in one direction,e.g.,from field-of-view(FOV)A to FOV B,while blocking the image formation in the reverse direction,from FOV B to FOV A.Here,we report unidirect...Unidirectional imagers form images of input objects only in one direction,e.g.,from field-of-view(FOV)A to FOV B,while blocking the image formation in the reverse direction,from FOV B to FOV A.Here,we report unidirectional imaging under spatially partially coherent light and demonstrate high-quality imaging only in the forward direction(A→B)with high power efficiency while distorting the image formation in the backward direction(B→A)along with low power efficiency.Our reciprocal design features a set of spatially engineered linear diffractive layers that are statistically optimized for partially coherent illumination with a given phase correlation length.Our analyses reveal that when illuminated by a partially coherent beam with a correlation length of≥∼1.5λ,whereλis the wavelength of light,diffractive unidirectional imagers achieve robust performance,exhibiting asymmetric imaging performance between the forward and backward directions—as desired.A partially coherent unidirectional imager designed with a smaller correlation length of<1.5λstill supports unidirectional image transmission but with a reduced figure of merit.These partially coherent diffractive unidirectional imagers are compact(axially spanning<75λ),polarization-independent,and compatible with various types of illumination sources,making them well-suited for applications in asymmetric visual information processing and communication.展开更多
We demonstrate the routing operation of optical packets by an optical packet switch consisting of an optical digital-to-analog conversion-type header processor, a wavelength converter using an electrically-tunable las...We demonstrate the routing operation of optical packets by an optical packet switch consisting of an optical digital-to-analog conversion-type header processor, a wavelength converter using an electrically-tunable laser, and an arrayed-waveguide grating router. A packet transfer by two-bit optical header was achieved for the first time.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61073049)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.J50103)the Doctorate Foundation of Education Ministry of China(Grant No.20093108110016)
文摘A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor （TOP） is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units （BOUs） and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experiment. Results of the test cases elaborately cover the every combination of BOUs and all the nine inputs of ternary processor. Both the experiment process and results analysis are given in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory of reconfiguring a TOP is valid and that the reconfiguration circuitry is effective.
文摘Optical computing holds promise for high-speed,energy-efficient information processing,with diffractive optical networks emerging as a flexible platform for implementing task-specific transformations.A challenge,however,is the effective optimization and alignment of the diffractive layers,which is hindered by the difficulty of accurately modeling physical systems with their inherent hardware imperfections,noise,and misalignments.While existing in situ optimization methods offer the advantage of direct training on the physical system without explicit system modeling,they are often limited by slow convergence and unstable performance due to inefficient use of limited measurement data.Here,we introduce a model-free reinforcement learning approach utilizing Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)for the in situ training of diffractive optical processors.PPO efficiently reuses in situ measurement data and constrains policy updates to ensure more stable and faster convergence.We validated our method through both simulations and experiments across a range of in situ learning tasks,including targeted energy focusing through a random diffuser,image generation,aberration correction,and optical image classification,demonstrating in each task better convergence and performance.Our strategy operates directly on the physical system and naturally accounts for unknown real-world imperfections,eliminating the need for prior system knowledge or modeling.By enabling faster and more accurate training under realistic experimental constraints,this in situ reinforcement learning approach could offer a scalable framework for various optical and physical systems governed by complex,feedback-driven dynamics.
基金Ozcan Lab at UCLA acknowledges the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Basic Energy Sciences,Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under award no.DE-SC0023088.
文摘We present a broadband and polarization-insensitive unidirectional imager that operates at the visible part of the spectrum,where image formation occurs in one direction,while in the opposite direction,it is blocked.This approach is enabled by deep learning-driven diffractive optical design with wafer-scale nano-fabrication using high-purity fused silica to ensure optical transparency and thermal stability.Our design achieves unidirectional imaging across three visible wavelengths(covering red,green,and blue parts of the spectrum),and we experimentally validated this broadband unidirectional imager by creating high-fidelity images in the forward direction and generating weak,distorted output patterns in the backward direction,in alignment with our numerical simulations.This work demonstrates wafer-scale production of diffractive optical processors,featuring 16 levels of nanoscale phase features distributed across two axially aligned diffractive layers for visible unidirectional imaging.This approach facilitates mass-scale production of~0.5 billion nanoscale phase features per wafer,supporting high-throughput manufacturing of hundreds to thousands of multi-layer diffractive processors suitable for large apertures and parallel processing of multiple tasks.Beyond broadband unidirectional imaging in the visible spectrum,this study establishes a pathway for artificial-intelligence-enabled diffractive optics with versatile applications,signaling a new era in optical device functionality with industrial-level,massively scalable fabrication.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement No.682157,“xPRINT”)the Italian Minister of University and Research PRIN 2017PHRM8X project(“3D-Phys”)funding from the project“MAD-La metamorfosi Additiva del Design”(PON‘Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020,ARS01_00717).
文摘Developing new responsive materials whose physico-chemical properties can be controlled and tailored by external stimuli is fundamental for many modern technologies.In this framework,3D-printable photochromic materials and systems for all-optical data processing might enable remote addressing,by optical control of their response with high spatiotemporal accuracy,thus supporting the development of new computing and sensing platforms with multidimensional fashion.Here,we introduce 3D-printable photochromic materials based on either a spiropyran molecular system or a diarylethene derivative shaped by digital light processing.Dynamically controlling transmitted light by the intensity and sequence of incoming signals,these materials exhibit robust photoswitching cycles,long-term optically-textured information storage,and are used in 3D printed devices capable of all-optical arithmetic and logic processing.These compounds and devices open a route to new 3D all-organic all-optical computing platforms,and to new schemes and architectures for advanced microscopy,sensing,and physical intelligence.
文摘Unidirectional imagers form images of input objects only in one direction,e.g.,from field-of-view(FOV)A to FOV B,while blocking the image formation in the reverse direction,from FOV B to FOV A.Here,we report unidirectional imaging under spatially partially coherent light and demonstrate high-quality imaging only in the forward direction(A→B)with high power efficiency while distorting the image formation in the backward direction(B→A)along with low power efficiency.Our reciprocal design features a set of spatially engineered linear diffractive layers that are statistically optimized for partially coherent illumination with a given phase correlation length.Our analyses reveal that when illuminated by a partially coherent beam with a correlation length of≥∼1.5λ,whereλis the wavelength of light,diffractive unidirectional imagers achieve robust performance,exhibiting asymmetric imaging performance between the forward and backward directions—as desired.A partially coherent unidirectional imager designed with a smaller correlation length of<1.5λstill supports unidirectional image transmission but with a reduced figure of merit.These partially coherent diffractive unidirectional imagers are compact(axially spanning<75λ),polarization-independent,and compatible with various types of illumination sources,making them well-suited for applications in asymmetric visual information processing and communication.
文摘We demonstrate the routing operation of optical packets by an optical packet switch consisting of an optical digital-to-analog conversion-type header processor, a wavelength converter using an electrically-tunable laser, and an arrayed-waveguide grating router. A packet transfer by two-bit optical header was achieved for the first time.
