As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a ...As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.展开更多
Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-se...Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars,‘Cancun’and‘Connecticut King’(CK),profiling leaf(source)and bulb(sink)tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation(dpi),alongside leaf DAS-ELISA.Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome(PC1=47.7%),with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time.Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split:in leaves,genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated defense(e.g.,WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)tended to show higher expression at 28 dpi,whereas cell-wall/transport-related terms were reduced;in bulbs,transcripts associated with photosynthetic/organellar maintenance(LHCB/CAB,HCF107)andβ-amylase-linked carbohydrate turnover were more prominent,with comparatively limited elevation of canonical defense modules.Leaf ELISA trajectories were compatible with this framework:CK showed a transient peak at 14 dpi followed by a decline at 24 dpi,whereas‘Cancun’increased progressively.Taken together,the concordance among ordination,enrichment patterns,marker behavior,and leaf titers in this non-replicated dataset is consistent with a working model in which stronger or earlier leaf responses may contribute to partial containment and reduced systemic accumulation.We propose a compact leaf marker set(WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)and bulb candidates(β-amylase;LHCB/CAB/HCF107)as hypothesis-generating indicators of containment and sink maintenance.These tissue-resolved patterns provide a descriptive framework and a starting point for future validation by qPCR and replicated RNA-seq across additional cultivars,with the long-term goal of informing selection and stock hygiene in lily production.展开更多
Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models...Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models for three-dimensional(3D)PSC contact problems are still scarce,especially for conductive indenters.This work develops a semi-analytical framework to study the 3D frictionless contact between a conductive indenter and a PSC half-space.Fundamental solutions under a unit force and a unit electric charge are derived,and the corresponding frequency response functions are combined with a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform(DC-FFT)algorithm to achieve an efficient semi-analytical contact model.The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the surface charge density reduces the indentation pressure and modifies the electric potential distribution.A higher steady carrier concentration enhances the screening effect,suppresses the electromechanical coupling,and shifts the system response toward purely elastic behaviors.The sensitivity analysis shows that the indentation depth is dominated by the elastic constants,while the electric potential is mainly affected by the piezoelectric coefficient.Although the analysis is carried out with spherical indenters,the model is not limited to a specific indenter shape.It provides an effective tool for investigating complex 3D PSC contact problems and offers useful insights into the design of PSC materials-based devices.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
The integration of digital twin(DT)technology with microseismic(MS)monitoring for evaluating the dynamic response of high-arch dams remains under-explored.This paper investigates the application of MS monitoring on th...The integration of digital twin(DT)technology with microseismic(MS)monitoring for evaluating the dynamic response of high-arch dams remains under-explored.This paper investigates the application of MS monitoring on the Dagangshan high-arch dam during its normal water storage operating period to assess potential damage.The study analyzes the MS characteristics of the dam during the Luding earthquake(Ms=6.8).A framework for constructing a damage driven DT model of a high-arch dam is proposed.The DT model is capable of self-updating its mechanical parameters based on MS data.Seismic response calculations are conducted utilizing cloud computing,allowing for the direct presentation of results within the DT model.The results indicate a high-risk area of the Dagangshan arch dam,characterized by significantMS deformation,primarily centered on the arch crown beam.This zone encompasses dam sections Nos.5-6,10-11,13-16,and 19-20,all located above 1030 m elevation.Under seismic loading,the arch dam exhibits a back-and-forth movement along the river,ultimately reaching a stable state.Following the earthquake,the stress state of the dam does not experience substantial changes.The average relative error between numerical results and measured peak ground acceleration values is 17%when considering the cumulative effect of damage,compared to 36%when neglecting this effect.This study presents a more reliable approach for assessing the state of dams.展开更多
Spinal cord injury is a critical event characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms.Although recent studies have highlighted tissue exosomes as key mediators of inflammatory responses in diverse organs and tissues...Spinal cord injury is a critical event characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms.Although recent studies have highlighted tissue exosomes as key mediators of inflammatory responses in diverse organs and tissues,their role in spinal cord injury has yet to be determined.In this study,we investigated the role and mechanisms of spinal cord tissue exosomes in the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury.We found morphological,concentration,and functional differences between exosomes extracted from injured and normal spinal cord tissues,and identified proinflammatory effects associated with spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes but not with exosomes derived from normal spinal cord tissue.Our in vivo and in vitro analyses showed that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes promoted microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression,thereby exacerbating tissue and neuronal injury in the spinal cord.In addition,the combination of exosomal miRNA sequencing and experimental verification showed that the miR-155-5p level was higher in spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes than in spinal cord tissue.We further found that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes-derived miR-155-5p induced a significant inhibition of forkhead box O3a phosphorylation and activated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway,thereby promoting microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression.These findings suggest that injury-induced miR-155-5p-containing exosomes exacerbate spinal cord injury via the promotion of microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory responses.Thus,targeting miR-155-5p expression or exosome secretion could be a novel strategy for attenuating inflammation and reducing secondary injury post-spinal cord injury.展开更多
The coupling effects of rainfall,earthquake,and complex topographic and geological conditions complicate the dynamic responses and disasters of slope-tunnel systems.For this,the large-scale shaking table tests were ca...The coupling effects of rainfall,earthquake,and complex topographic and geological conditions complicate the dynamic responses and disasters of slope-tunnel systems.For this,the large-scale shaking table tests were carried out to explore the dynamic responses of steep bedding slope-tunnel system under the coupling effect of rainfall and earthquake.Results show that the slope surface and elevation amplification effect exhibit pronounced nonlinear change caused by the tunnel and weak interlayers.When seismic wave propagates to tunnels,the weak interlayers and rock intersecting areas present complex wave field distribution characteristics.The dynamic responses of the slope are influenced by the frequency,amplitude,and direction of seismic waves.The acceleration amplification coefficient initially rises and then falls as increasing seismic frequency,peaking at 20 Hz.Additionally,the seismic damage process of slope is categorized into elastic(2-3 m/s^(2)),elastoplastic(4-5 m/s^(2))and plastic damage stages(≥6.5 m/s^(2)).In elastic stage,ΔMPGA(ratio of acceleration amplification factor)increases with increasing seismic intensity,without obvious strain distribution change.In plastic stage,ΔMPGA begins to gradually plummet,and the strain is mainly distributed in the damaged area.The modes of seismic damage in the slope-tunnel system are mainly of tensile failure of the weak interlayer,cracking failure of tunnel lining,formation of persistent cracks on the slope crest and waist,development and outward shearing of the sliding mass,and buckling failure at the slope foot under extrusion of the upper rock body.This study can serve as a reference for predicting the failure modes of tunnel-slope system in strong seismic regions.展开更多
Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4;however,the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy...Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4;however,the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy,vaginally born,term infants from birth to 15 months,using a systems vaccinology approach to assess the effects of antibiotic exposure on immune responses to vaccination.Exposure to direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various polysaccharides in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate and diphtheria toxoid antigens in the combined 6-in-1 Infanrix Hexa vaccine at 7 months of age.Blood from infants exposed to neonatal antibiotics had an inflammatory transcriptional profile before vaccination;in addition,faecal metagenomics showed reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium species in these infants at the time of vaccination,which was correlated with reduced vaccine antibody titres 6 months later.In preclinical models,responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were strongly dependent on an intact microbiota but could be restored in germ-free mice by administering a consortium of Bifidobacterium species or a probiotic already widely used in neonatal units.Our data suggest that microbiota-targeted interventions could mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life antibiotics on vaccine immunogenicity.展开更多
Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous.Like many other natural disasters,floods can occur with little or no warning.Flash floods move quickly and have strong currents.They are known to rip(扯)trees out of the...Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous.Like many other natural disasters,floods can occur with little or no warning.Flash floods move quickly and have strong currents.They are known to rip(扯)trees out of the ground,destroy buildings and cause bridges to collapse.展开更多
Fibers with deformation-triggered responses are essential for smart textiles and wearable electronics.Here,smart core-shell elastomer fibers with a conductive core and a liquid crystal elastomer shell showing simultan...Fibers with deformation-triggered responses are essential for smart textiles and wearable electronics.Here,smart core-shell elastomer fibers with a conductive core and a liquid crystal elastomer shell showing simultaneous resistance and color responses are designed and prepared.The conductive core is consisted of interconnected liquid metal nanodroplets dispersed in a polymer matrix and the elastomer shell is made of cholesteric liquid crystals.When stretched,the fiber resistance increases as the interconnected pathways of liquid metal nanodroplets along the fiber axis become narrower,and the selective reflection color from the fiber surface blueshifts since the cholesteric pitch decreases.The smart elastomer fibers could be woven into smart textiles and respond to various mechanical deformations,including stretching,bending,compression and twisting.The average resistance change is 51%under 100%strain and its variation is smaller than 4%over 500 cycles,showing remarkable fatigue resistance.The simultaneous resistance and color responses to mechanical deformations make the fibers attractive for broad applications,such as flexible electronics.展开更多
Tree canopy landscapes are an important component of urban forests and have the potential to influence human emotions.However,their influence on emotional responses remains unclear.The aims of this study were:(1)to de...Tree canopy landscapes are an important component of urban forests and have the potential to influence human emotions.However,their influence on emotional responses remains unclear.The aims of this study were:(1)to determine whether the canopy landscape affects human emotions;(2)to clarify the influence of canopy landscape on individual emotional indicators;and(3)to identify the ratio of canopy landscape elements with the most beneficial effects on human emotions.Different canopy landscape images were generated,and the self-reported emotions and neural activity of the subjects assessed before and after they viewed the images.The results of the statistical analysis were intuitively displayed by a ternary phase diagram.We found that the canopy landscape affected human emotions and different proportions of canopy landscape elements led to significant differences in excitement,depression and confusion.Higher proportions of blue elements and lower proportions of green and other elements characterized the canopy landscape with the most beneficial effect on human emotions.These findings will promote further research on canopy landscapes,inform the planning and design of urban forests,and contribute to the field of landscape architecture.展开更多
Multi-axle heavy-duty vehicles(MHVs)are essential for military equipment transport due to their safety and stability.However,braking dynamic responses between MHVs and pavement systems still remain underexplored,parti...Multi-axle heavy-duty vehicles(MHVs)are essential for military equipment transport due to their safety and stability.However,braking dynamic responses between MHVs and pavement systems still remain underexplored,particularly regarding their complex load transfer mechanisms.This paper develops an enhanced model of a multi-axle heavy-duty vehicle(MHV)coupled with the uneven and flexible pavement.An advanced coupling iterative method is proposed to solve the highly dimensional equations of the MHV-pavement coupled system.The proposed method was validated through experimental tests,with characteristic parameters of vertical accelerations showing relative errors between 0.42%and 11.80%.The coupling effect and influence mechanism of the braking process are investigated by characteristic parameters of the dynamic responses.Additionally,the influences of braking conditions and pavement parameters are analyzed in time and frequency domains in order to reveal the vibration mechanisms of the coupled system.Moreover,this study establishes a theoretical foundation for monitoring pavement health via vehicle-mounted acceleration signals,which is necessary in military transportation.展开更多
Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a common and aggressive blood cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of primitive bone marrow cells.Genetic mutations prevent normal differentiation into blood components.Potential c...Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a common and aggressive blood cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of primitive bone marrow cells.Genetic mutations prevent normal differentiation into blood components.Potential causes include environmental factors,radiation,and viral infections.Research on AML is essential for enhancing our understanding of the disease,facilitating the development of effective treatments,and improving early diagnostic methods to ultimately increase patient survival rates and quality of life.This study focused on the T-cell immune response and T-cell immunotherapy in AML.We collected CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells,Natural killer T(NKT)cells,andγδT cells among the T cells and analyzed the roles that they play in AML.Long-term disease control in AML requires a variety of immunotherapies,including T-cell receptor-engineered T cells(TCR-T),chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy(CAR-T),and T-cell immune checkpoint inhibitors.We discuss these treatments and try to find better treatments for AML in the future.展开更多
Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrh...Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and hemorrhagic stroke using the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method.Comprehensive analyses were conducted using publicly available data from genome-wide association study(GWAS),which involved the whole genomes of 9724 European participants and 46 antibody measurement phenotypes,and summary statistics from the FinnGen dataset R12(including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage)were used.The causal relationship between the aforementioned immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting,MR-Egger regression,weighted median,weighted mode,simple mode,and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),while various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the study findings.Results showed that human herpes virus 7(HHV-7)U14 antibody levels(OR:0.877,95%CI:0.797-0.964,P=0.007)exerted a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke,and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)tarp-D F2 antibody levels(OR:0.937,95%CI:0.885-0.992,P=0.025)had a potential protective effect;additionally,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)ZEBRA antibody levels(OR:1.062,95%CI:1.012-1.114,P=0.014),human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)p101k antibody levels(OR:1.054,95%CI:1.002-1.108,P=0.042),and cytomegalovirus(CMV)pp150 antibody levels(OR:1.086,95%CI:1.002-1.176,P=0.045)were potential risk factors for the disease.No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in any of the MR analyses.Collectively,these findings confirmed a significant causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke,and this study contributed to a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke onset.展开更多
Habitat fragmentation poses a significant threat to bird communities, especially those in open and semi-open ecosystems such as steppes. This study investigates how steppe birds adapt to and utilize fragmented habitat...Habitat fragmentation poses a significant threat to bird communities, especially those in open and semi-open ecosystems such as steppes. This study investigates how steppe birds adapt to and utilize fragmented habitats by combining niche modeling with ecological trait analysis. We conducted standardized point surveys to examine the habitat preferences of 32 bird species in Inner Mongolia, China, and quantified their habitat niche parameters using the Outlying Mean Index (OMI). Our results reveal distinct habitat preferences among species, with some thriving in intact environments while others are better adapted to fragmented areas. Grassland species showed high specialization along the fragmentation gradient, while others exhibited adaptability to varying levels of fragmentation. Using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), we identified three key traits influencing habitat occupancy: hand-wing index, body mass, and range size. Specifically, species with medium hand-wing indices, moderate body mass, and larger range sizes were more likely to occupy heavily fragmented habitats. These findings provide empirical evidence on how habitat fragmentation affects bird species in steppe ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of functional traits in understanding avian responses to habitat fragmentation and offers a foundation for developing effective conservation strategies to preserve biodiversity in fragmented landscapes.展开更多
Objectives:Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases.However,the impact of supine exercise tra...Objectives:Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases.However,the impact of supine exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiovascular adaptations remains unclear.Methods:In this single-centred,randomized,parallel arm trial,19 recreationally active individuals underwent seven sessions of either supine with legs up(SUP;n=9,6 females)or upright with legs down(UP;n=10,7 females)aerobic training on a recumbent bike at 71±7%and 71±2%of peak work rate(WRpeak),respectively.The study aimed to test the effects of training with decreased muscle oxygenation on indices of muscle mitochondrial remodelling.Secondary outcomes included exercise performance,muscle oxygenation,and cardiovascular responses.Results:Secondary outcomes revealed significant interaction effects for time to fatigue(TTF)and WRpeak in the SUP group during supine testing,suggesting enhanced exercise tolerance and performance.No between group interaction effects were observed for upright testing.No clear effects on mitochondrial biogenesis were observed based on expression of mitochondrial protein subunits and transcriptional regulators.Acutely,HRpeak was lower during the SUP Test compared to the UP Test.No central cardiovascular adaptations were observed following training.Conclusions:Our exploratory analyses showed that supine aerobic training more effectively improves supine exercise tolerance and performance compared with upright training,despite no differences in measured proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these postural-specific training effects.Registration:clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04151095.展开更多
Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are smart materials with superelasticity originating from a reversible stressinduced martensitic transformation(MT)accompanied by a significant electrical resistance change.However,the stress-...Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are smart materials with superelasticity originating from a reversible stressinduced martensitic transformation(MT)accompanied by a significant electrical resistance change.However,the stress-strain and resistance-stress relationships of typical NiTi wires are non-linear due to the stress plateau during the stress-induced MT.This limits the usage of these materials as pressure sensors.Herein,we propose a high-strength flexible sensor based on superelastic NiTi wires that achieves near-linear mechanical and electrical responses through a low-cost double-braided strategy.This microarchitectured strategy reduces or even eliminates stress plateau and it is demonstrated that the phase transformation of microfilaments can be controlled:regions with localized stress undergo the MT first,which is successively followed by the rest of the microfilament.This structure-dependent MT characteristic exhibits slim-hysteresis superelasticity and tunable low stiffness,and the braided wire shows improved flexibility.The double-braided NiTi microfilaments exhibit stable electrical properties and repeatability under approximately 600 MPa(8%strain)and can maintain stability over a wide temperature range(303-403 K).Moreover,a cross-grid flexible woven sensor array textile based on microfilaments is further developed to detect pressure distribution.This work provides insight into the design and application of SMAs in the field of flexible and functional fiber.展开更多
Triploid oysters are widely cultured due to their superior growth compared to diploids.However,differences in tempera-ture-salinity adaptation between di-and triploid oysters remain inconclusive.This study compared th...Triploid oysters are widely cultured due to their superior growth compared to diploids.However,differences in tempera-ture-salinity adaptation between di-and triploid oysters remain inconclusive.This study compared the survival rates,antioxidant en-zyme activities,and gene expressions in di-and triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas cultured in different temperatures(17,20,23,26,and 29℃)and salinities(18,22,26,30,and 34).Results showed that the optimum survival condition for both di-and triploids is 23℃/30.At 23℃,triploids exhibited significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity and lower heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)expression than diploids.At 29℃,triploids exhibited significantly higher survival rates than diploids.Across varying tem-peratures,triploids demonstrated significantly higher survival rates and antioxidant enzyme activities,along with lower malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and Hsp70 expression compared to diploids.The overall results demonstrate that triploids have a more robust antioxidant ca-pacity,reduced oxidative damage,and lower mortality than diploids under temperature treatments.Additionally,at a salinity of 18,triploids showed significantly higher catalase(CAT)level than diploids.Across varying salinities,triploids maintained lower MDA levels.These results suggest that triploids possess a stronger antioxidant defense under salinity treatments.In conclusion,triploid C.gigas demonstrates superior adaptation to diverse temperature and salinity conditions over diploids and are recommended for culture to improve oyster production.展开更多
BACKGROUND The integration of patient-nurse communication language and focused psychological nursing can provide a reference for nursing interventions in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.AIM To analyze the...BACKGROUND The integration of patient-nurse communication language and focused psychological nursing can provide a reference for nursing interventions in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.AIM To analyze the impact of patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing on psychological and physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,and complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between October 2021 and August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 40 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the observation group was provided with patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing care.Psychological stress responses,physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,incidence of complications,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After nursing,the observation group showed a significant improvement in psychological stress responses,with the average score on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale increasing from 23.22±1.08 to 30.14±2.78(P<0.05).On postoperative awakening,the heart rate of the observation group was 78.36±2.98 times/min,significantly lower than the control group's 81.14±2.44 times/min(P<0.05),and the mean arterial blood pressure was 12.06±1.26 kPa,compared to the control group's 13.45±1.17 kPa(P<0.05).The coping style scale scores of the observation group improved from 17.25±1.40 to 23.64±1.52 for confrontation,16.94±1.24 to 12.11±1.02 for avoidance,and 21.69±2.63 to 15.32±1.41 for submission(P<0.05).The health promotion lifestyle profile scores of the observation group increased from 104.25±6.77 to 133.61±10.25(P<0.05).The incidence of complications,such as wound infection and abdominal distension,in the observation group was 2.50%,significantly lower than that in the control group(20.00%;P<0.05).Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was 95.00%,significantly higher than that in the control group(80.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of patient-nurse communicative language and focused psychological nursing can alleviate psychological and physiological stress responses in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery,improve their coping styles and health behaviors,reduce the risk of complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,yielding ideal clinical outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2024AFB917).
文摘As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.
基金the support of“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ00926803)”Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars,‘Cancun’and‘Connecticut King’(CK),profiling leaf(source)and bulb(sink)tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation(dpi),alongside leaf DAS-ELISA.Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome(PC1=47.7%),with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time.Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split:in leaves,genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated defense(e.g.,WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)tended to show higher expression at 28 dpi,whereas cell-wall/transport-related terms were reduced;in bulbs,transcripts associated with photosynthetic/organellar maintenance(LHCB/CAB,HCF107)andβ-amylase-linked carbohydrate turnover were more prominent,with comparatively limited elevation of canonical defense modules.Leaf ELISA trajectories were compatible with this framework:CK showed a transient peak at 14 dpi followed by a decline at 24 dpi,whereas‘Cancun’increased progressively.Taken together,the concordance among ordination,enrichment patterns,marker behavior,and leaf titers in this non-replicated dataset is consistent with a working model in which stronger or earlier leaf responses may contribute to partial containment and reduced systemic accumulation.We propose a compact leaf marker set(WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)and bulb candidates(β-amylase;LHCB/CAB/HCF107)as hypothesis-generating indicators of containment and sink maintenance.These tissue-resolved patterns provide a descriptive framework and a starting point for future validation by qPCR and replicated RNA-seq across additional cultivars,with the long-term goal of informing selection and stock hygiene in lily production.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12402113)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0037)。
文摘Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models for three-dimensional(3D)PSC contact problems are still scarce,especially for conductive indenters.This work develops a semi-analytical framework to study the 3D frictionless contact between a conductive indenter and a PSC half-space.Fundamental solutions under a unit force and a unit electric charge are derived,and the corresponding frequency response functions are combined with a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform(DC-FFT)algorithm to achieve an efficient semi-analytical contact model.The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the surface charge density reduces the indentation pressure and modifies the electric potential distribution.A higher steady carrier concentration enhances the screening effect,suppresses the electromechanical coupling,and shifts the system response toward purely elastic behaviors.The sensitivity analysis shows that the indentation depth is dominated by the elastic constants,while the electric potential is mainly affected by the piezoelectric coefficient.Although the analysis is carried out with spherical indenters,the model is not limited to a specific indenter shape.It provides an effective tool for investigating complex 3D PSC contact problems and offers useful insights into the design of PSC materials-based devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
文摘Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52379098 and 42122052)the Liaoning XingLiao Talent Program(Grant No.XLYC2203008).
文摘The integration of digital twin(DT)technology with microseismic(MS)monitoring for evaluating the dynamic response of high-arch dams remains under-explored.This paper investigates the application of MS monitoring on the Dagangshan high-arch dam during its normal water storage operating period to assess potential damage.The study analyzes the MS characteristics of the dam during the Luding earthquake(Ms=6.8).A framework for constructing a damage driven DT model of a high-arch dam is proposed.The DT model is capable of self-updating its mechanical parameters based on MS data.Seismic response calculations are conducted utilizing cloud computing,allowing for the direct presentation of results within the DT model.The results indicate a high-risk area of the Dagangshan arch dam,characterized by significantMS deformation,primarily centered on the arch crown beam.This zone encompasses dam sections Nos.5-6,10-11,13-16,and 19-20,all located above 1030 m elevation.Under seismic loading,the arch dam exhibits a back-and-forth movement along the river,ultimately reaching a stable state.Following the earthquake,the stress state of the dam does not experience substantial changes.The average relative error between numerical results and measured peak ground acceleration values is 17%when considering the cumulative effect of damage,compared to 36%when neglecting this effect.This study presents a more reliable approach for assessing the state of dams.
基金supported by the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province,No.2023Y9233(to HH)the QuanzhouScience and Technology Project,No.2022C036R(to HH)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Bureau of Quanzhou,No.2020CT003(to SL)the Quanzhou MunicipalMedical and Health Guiding Science and Technology Project,No.2023N066S(to YZhou).
文摘Spinal cord injury is a critical event characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms.Although recent studies have highlighted tissue exosomes as key mediators of inflammatory responses in diverse organs and tissues,their role in spinal cord injury has yet to be determined.In this study,we investigated the role and mechanisms of spinal cord tissue exosomes in the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury.We found morphological,concentration,and functional differences between exosomes extracted from injured and normal spinal cord tissues,and identified proinflammatory effects associated with spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes but not with exosomes derived from normal spinal cord tissue.Our in vivo and in vitro analyses showed that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes promoted microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression,thereby exacerbating tissue and neuronal injury in the spinal cord.In addition,the combination of exosomal miRNA sequencing and experimental verification showed that the miR-155-5p level was higher in spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes than in spinal cord tissue.We further found that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes-derived miR-155-5p induced a significant inhibition of forkhead box O3a phosphorylation and activated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway,thereby promoting microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression.These findings suggest that injury-induced miR-155-5p-containing exosomes exacerbate spinal cord injury via the promotion of microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory responses.Thus,targeting miR-155-5p expression or exosome secretion could be a novel strategy for attenuating inflammation and reducing secondary injury post-spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52109125)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (Grant No.BK20231217)the Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.SKLGME023001).
文摘The coupling effects of rainfall,earthquake,and complex topographic and geological conditions complicate the dynamic responses and disasters of slope-tunnel systems.For this,the large-scale shaking table tests were carried out to explore the dynamic responses of steep bedding slope-tunnel system under the coupling effect of rainfall and earthquake.Results show that the slope surface and elevation amplification effect exhibit pronounced nonlinear change caused by the tunnel and weak interlayers.When seismic wave propagates to tunnels,the weak interlayers and rock intersecting areas present complex wave field distribution characteristics.The dynamic responses of the slope are influenced by the frequency,amplitude,and direction of seismic waves.The acceleration amplification coefficient initially rises and then falls as increasing seismic frequency,peaking at 20 Hz.Additionally,the seismic damage process of slope is categorized into elastic(2-3 m/s^(2)),elastoplastic(4-5 m/s^(2))and plastic damage stages(≥6.5 m/s^(2)).In elastic stage,ΔMPGA(ratio of acceleration amplification factor)increases with increasing seismic intensity,without obvious strain distribution change.In plastic stage,ΔMPGA begins to gradually plummet,and the strain is mainly distributed in the damaged area.The modes of seismic damage in the slope-tunnel system are mainly of tensile failure of the weak interlayer,cracking failure of tunnel lining,formation of persistent cracks on the slope crest and waist,development and outward shearing of the sliding mass,and buckling failure at the slope foot under extrusion of the upper rock body.This study can serve as a reference for predicting the failure modes of tunnel-slope system in strong seismic regions.
文摘Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4;however,the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy,vaginally born,term infants from birth to 15 months,using a systems vaccinology approach to assess the effects of antibiotic exposure on immune responses to vaccination.Exposure to direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various polysaccharides in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate and diphtheria toxoid antigens in the combined 6-in-1 Infanrix Hexa vaccine at 7 months of age.Blood from infants exposed to neonatal antibiotics had an inflammatory transcriptional profile before vaccination;in addition,faecal metagenomics showed reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium species in these infants at the time of vaccination,which was correlated with reduced vaccine antibody titres 6 months later.In preclinical models,responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were strongly dependent on an intact microbiota but could be restored in germ-free mice by administering a consortium of Bifidobacterium species or a probiotic already widely used in neonatal units.Our data suggest that microbiota-targeted interventions could mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life antibiotics on vaccine immunogenicity.
文摘Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous.Like many other natural disasters,floods can occur with little or no warning.Flash floods move quickly and have strong currents.They are known to rip(扯)trees out of the ground,destroy buildings and cause bridges to collapse.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278352)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC3001100)。
文摘Fibers with deformation-triggered responses are essential for smart textiles and wearable electronics.Here,smart core-shell elastomer fibers with a conductive core and a liquid crystal elastomer shell showing simultaneous resistance and color responses are designed and prepared.The conductive core is consisted of interconnected liquid metal nanodroplets dispersed in a polymer matrix and the elastomer shell is made of cholesteric liquid crystals.When stretched,the fiber resistance increases as the interconnected pathways of liquid metal nanodroplets along the fiber axis become narrower,and the selective reflection color from the fiber surface blueshifts since the cholesteric pitch decreases.The smart elastomer fibers could be woven into smart textiles and respond to various mechanical deformations,including stretching,bending,compression and twisting.The average resistance change is 51%under 100%strain and its variation is smaller than 4%over 500 cycles,showing remarkable fatigue resistance.The simultaneous resistance and color responses to mechanical deformations make the fibers attractive for broad applications,such as flexible electronics.
基金co-funded by the Talent Initiation Program of the Scientific Research Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University(2021LFR041and 2022LFR040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52278084).
文摘Tree canopy landscapes are an important component of urban forests and have the potential to influence human emotions.However,their influence on emotional responses remains unclear.The aims of this study were:(1)to determine whether the canopy landscape affects human emotions;(2)to clarify the influence of canopy landscape on individual emotional indicators;and(3)to identify the ratio of canopy landscape elements with the most beneficial effects on human emotions.Different canopy landscape images were generated,and the self-reported emotions and neural activity of the subjects assessed before and after they viewed the images.The results of the statistical analysis were intuitively displayed by a ternary phase diagram.We found that the canopy landscape affected human emotions and different proportions of canopy landscape elements led to significant differences in excitement,depression and confusion.Higher proportions of blue elements and lower proportions of green and other elements characterized the canopy landscape with the most beneficial effect on human emotions.These findings will promote further research on canopy landscapes,inform the planning and design of urban forests,and contribute to the field of landscape architecture.
基金National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(Grant No.JCKY2021602B030).
文摘Multi-axle heavy-duty vehicles(MHVs)are essential for military equipment transport due to their safety and stability.However,braking dynamic responses between MHVs and pavement systems still remain underexplored,particularly regarding their complex load transfer mechanisms.This paper develops an enhanced model of a multi-axle heavy-duty vehicle(MHV)coupled with the uneven and flexible pavement.An advanced coupling iterative method is proposed to solve the highly dimensional equations of the MHV-pavement coupled system.The proposed method was validated through experimental tests,with characteristic parameters of vertical accelerations showing relative errors between 0.42%and 11.80%.The coupling effect and influence mechanism of the braking process are investigated by characteristic parameters of the dynamic responses.Additionally,the influences of braking conditions and pavement parameters are analyzed in time and frequency domains in order to reveal the vibration mechanisms of the coupled system.Moreover,this study establishes a theoretical foundation for monitoring pavement health via vehicle-mounted acceleration signals,which is necessary in military transportation.
文摘Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a common and aggressive blood cancer characterized by the abnormal growth of primitive bone marrow cells.Genetic mutations prevent normal differentiation into blood components.Potential causes include environmental factors,radiation,and viral infections.Research on AML is essential for enhancing our understanding of the disease,facilitating the development of effective treatments,and improving early diagnostic methods to ultimately increase patient survival rates and quality of life.This study focused on the T-cell immune response and T-cell immunotherapy in AML.We collected CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells,Natural killer T(NKT)cells,andγδT cells among the T cells and analyzed the roles that they play in AML.Long-term disease control in AML requires a variety of immunotherapies,including T-cell receptor-engineered T cells(TCR-T),chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy(CAR-T),and T-cell immune checkpoint inhibitors.We discuss these treatments and try to find better treatments for AML in the future.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(82271340,82071368)。
文摘Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and hemorrhagic stroke using the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method.Comprehensive analyses were conducted using publicly available data from genome-wide association study(GWAS),which involved the whole genomes of 9724 European participants and 46 antibody measurement phenotypes,and summary statistics from the FinnGen dataset R12(including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage)were used.The causal relationship between the aforementioned immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting,MR-Egger regression,weighted median,weighted mode,simple mode,and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),while various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the study findings.Results showed that human herpes virus 7(HHV-7)U14 antibody levels(OR:0.877,95%CI:0.797-0.964,P=0.007)exerted a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke,and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)tarp-D F2 antibody levels(OR:0.937,95%CI:0.885-0.992,P=0.025)had a potential protective effect;additionally,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)ZEBRA antibody levels(OR:1.062,95%CI:1.012-1.114,P=0.014),human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)p101k antibody levels(OR:1.054,95%CI:1.002-1.108,P=0.042),and cytomegalovirus(CMV)pp150 antibody levels(OR:1.086,95%CI:1.002-1.176,P=0.045)were potential risk factors for the disease.No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in any of the MR analyses.Collectively,these findings confirmed a significant causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke,and this study contributed to a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke onset.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2412022QD026).
文摘Habitat fragmentation poses a significant threat to bird communities, especially those in open and semi-open ecosystems such as steppes. This study investigates how steppe birds adapt to and utilize fragmented habitats by combining niche modeling with ecological trait analysis. We conducted standardized point surveys to examine the habitat preferences of 32 bird species in Inner Mongolia, China, and quantified their habitat niche parameters using the Outlying Mean Index (OMI). Our results reveal distinct habitat preferences among species, with some thriving in intact environments while others are better adapted to fragmented areas. Grassland species showed high specialization along the fragmentation gradient, while others exhibited adaptability to varying levels of fragmentation. Using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), we identified three key traits influencing habitat occupancy: hand-wing index, body mass, and range size. Specifically, species with medium hand-wing indices, moderate body mass, and larger range sizes were more likely to occupy heavily fragmented habitats. These findings provide empirical evidence on how habitat fragmentation affects bird species in steppe ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of functional traits in understanding avian responses to habitat fragmentation and offers a foundation for developing effective conservation strategies to preserve biodiversity in fragmented landscapes.
基金supported by funding provided to BJG from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERCgrant no.402635).
文摘Objectives:Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases.However,the impact of supine exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiovascular adaptations remains unclear.Methods:In this single-centred,randomized,parallel arm trial,19 recreationally active individuals underwent seven sessions of either supine with legs up(SUP;n=9,6 females)or upright with legs down(UP;n=10,7 females)aerobic training on a recumbent bike at 71±7%and 71±2%of peak work rate(WRpeak),respectively.The study aimed to test the effects of training with decreased muscle oxygenation on indices of muscle mitochondrial remodelling.Secondary outcomes included exercise performance,muscle oxygenation,and cardiovascular responses.Results:Secondary outcomes revealed significant interaction effects for time to fatigue(TTF)and WRpeak in the SUP group during supine testing,suggesting enhanced exercise tolerance and performance.No between group interaction effects were observed for upright testing.No clear effects on mitochondrial biogenesis were observed based on expression of mitochondrial protein subunits and transcriptional regulators.Acutely,HRpeak was lower during the SUP Test compared to the UP Test.No central cardiovascular adaptations were observed following training.Conclusions:Our exploratory analyses showed that supine aerobic training more effectively improves supine exercise tolerance and performance compared with upright training,despite no differences in measured proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these postural-specific training effects.Registration:clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04151095.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52031005,52201224)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.24ZR1438200)+1 种基金the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology Joint Research Fund(No.USCAST2023-19)the Equipment Development Depart-ment Huiyan Action.
文摘Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are smart materials with superelasticity originating from a reversible stressinduced martensitic transformation(MT)accompanied by a significant electrical resistance change.However,the stress-strain and resistance-stress relationships of typical NiTi wires are non-linear due to the stress plateau during the stress-induced MT.This limits the usage of these materials as pressure sensors.Herein,we propose a high-strength flexible sensor based on superelastic NiTi wires that achieves near-linear mechanical and electrical responses through a low-cost double-braided strategy.This microarchitectured strategy reduces or even eliminates stress plateau and it is demonstrated that the phase transformation of microfilaments can be controlled:regions with localized stress undergo the MT first,which is successively followed by the rest of the microfilament.This structure-dependent MT characteristic exhibits slim-hysteresis superelasticity and tunable low stiffness,and the braided wire shows improved flexibility.The double-braided NiTi microfilaments exhibit stable electrical properties and repeatability under approximately 600 MPa(8%strain)and can maintain stability over a wide temperature range(303-403 K).Moreover,a cross-grid flexible woven sensor array textile based on microfilaments is further developed to detect pressure distribution.This work provides insight into the design and application of SMAs in the field of flexible and functional fiber.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2022LZGCQY010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32373115)the China Agriculture Research System Project(No.CARS-49).
文摘Triploid oysters are widely cultured due to their superior growth compared to diploids.However,differences in tempera-ture-salinity adaptation between di-and triploid oysters remain inconclusive.This study compared the survival rates,antioxidant en-zyme activities,and gene expressions in di-and triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas cultured in different temperatures(17,20,23,26,and 29℃)and salinities(18,22,26,30,and 34).Results showed that the optimum survival condition for both di-and triploids is 23℃/30.At 23℃,triploids exhibited significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity and lower heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)expression than diploids.At 29℃,triploids exhibited significantly higher survival rates than diploids.Across varying tem-peratures,triploids demonstrated significantly higher survival rates and antioxidant enzyme activities,along with lower malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and Hsp70 expression compared to diploids.The overall results demonstrate that triploids have a more robust antioxidant ca-pacity,reduced oxidative damage,and lower mortality than diploids under temperature treatments.Additionally,at a salinity of 18,triploids showed significantly higher catalase(CAT)level than diploids.Across varying salinities,triploids maintained lower MDA levels.These results suggest that triploids possess a stronger antioxidant defense under salinity treatments.In conclusion,triploid C.gigas demonstrates superior adaptation to diverse temperature and salinity conditions over diploids and are recommended for culture to improve oyster production.
文摘BACKGROUND The integration of patient-nurse communication language and focused psychological nursing can provide a reference for nursing interventions in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.AIM To analyze the impact of patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing on psychological and physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,and complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between October 2021 and August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 40 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the observation group was provided with patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing care.Psychological stress responses,physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,incidence of complications,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After nursing,the observation group showed a significant improvement in psychological stress responses,with the average score on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale increasing from 23.22±1.08 to 30.14±2.78(P<0.05).On postoperative awakening,the heart rate of the observation group was 78.36±2.98 times/min,significantly lower than the control group's 81.14±2.44 times/min(P<0.05),and the mean arterial blood pressure was 12.06±1.26 kPa,compared to the control group's 13.45±1.17 kPa(P<0.05).The coping style scale scores of the observation group improved from 17.25±1.40 to 23.64±1.52 for confrontation,16.94±1.24 to 12.11±1.02 for avoidance,and 21.69±2.63 to 15.32±1.41 for submission(P<0.05).The health promotion lifestyle profile scores of the observation group increased from 104.25±6.77 to 133.61±10.25(P<0.05).The incidence of complications,such as wound infection and abdominal distension,in the observation group was 2.50%,significantly lower than that in the control group(20.00%;P<0.05).Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was 95.00%,significantly higher than that in the control group(80.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of patient-nurse communicative language and focused psychological nursing can alleviate psychological and physiological stress responses in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery,improve their coping styles and health behaviors,reduce the risk of complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,yielding ideal clinical outcomes.
