Purpose: To understand how authors and reviewers are accepting and embracing Open Peer Review(OPR), one of the newest innovations in the Open Science movement.Design/methodology/approach: This research collected and a...Purpose: To understand how authors and reviewers are accepting and embracing Open Peer Review(OPR), one of the newest innovations in the Open Science movement.Design/methodology/approach: This research collected and analyzed data from the Open Access journal Peer J over its first three years(2013–2016). Web data were scraped, cleaned, and structured using several Web tools and programs. The structured data were imported into a relational database. Data analyses were conducted using analytical tools as well as programs developed by the researchers.Findings: Peer J, which supports optional OPR, has a broad international representation of authors and referees. Approximately 73.89% of articles provide full review histories. Of the articles with published review histories, 17.61% had identities of all reviewers and 52.57% had at least one signed reviewer. In total, 43.23% of all reviews were signed. The observed proportions of signed reviews have been relatively stable over the period since the Journal’s inception.Research limitations: This research is constrained by the availability of the peer review history data. Some peer reviews were not available when the authors opted out of publishing their review histories. The anonymity of reviewers made it impossible to give an accurate count of reviewers who contributed to the review process. Practical implications: These findings shed light on the current characteristics of OPR. Given the policy that authors are encouraged to make their articles’ review history public and referees are encouraged to sign their review reports, the three years of Peer J review data demonstrate that there is still some reluctance by authors to make their reviews public and by reviewers to identify themselves. Originality/value: This is the first study to closely examine Peer J as an example of an OPR model journal. As Open Science moves further towards open research, OPR is a final and critical component. Research in this area must identify the best policies and paths towards a transparent and open peer review process for scientific communication.展开更多
The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial mee...The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates…展开更多
Despite established evidence on the advantages of laparoscopy in colon cancer resection,the use of laparoscopy for rectal cancer resection is still controversial.The initial concern was mainly regarding the feasibilit...Despite established evidence on the advantages of laparoscopy in colon cancer resection,the use of laparoscopy for rectal cancer resection is still controversial.The initial concern was mainly regarding the feasibility of laparoscopy to achieve an adequate total mesorectal excision specimen.These concerns have been raised following early studies demonstrating higher rates of circumferential margins positivity following laparoscopic resection,as compared to open surgery.Similar to colon resection,patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer resection are expected to benefit from a shorter length of hospital stay,less analgesic requirements,and a faster recovery of bowel function.In the past decade there have been an increasing number of large scale clinical trials investigating the oncological and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection.In this review we summarize the current literature available on laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.展开更多
[目的/意义]评价Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data(LODE-BD)3.0一书在开放关联数据赋能书目数据方面做出的学术贡献,帮助读者掌握开放关联数据的应用技能。[方法/过程]阐述开放关联数据应用指南的编撰目的,理解LODE-BD的...[目的/意义]评价Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data(LODE-BD)3.0一书在开放关联数据赋能书目数据方面做出的学术贡献,帮助读者掌握开放关联数据的应用技能。[方法/过程]阐述开放关联数据应用指南的编撰目的,理解LODE-BD的实践建议,思考如何将书目数据表示为开放关联数据,帮助用户开放获取相关的书目资源,实现书目资源的互联互通。[结果/结论]该书是一本成熟的,关于如何选择合适编码策略来生成开放关联数据赋能的书目数据的操作指南,具有丰富的理论价值、方法指导与实践意义。展开更多
Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy（LPD） is an extremely challenging surgery. First described in 1994, it has been slow to gain in popularity. Recently, however, we have seen an increase in the number of centers pe...Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy（LPD） is an extremely challenging surgery. First described in 1994, it has been slow to gain in popularity. Recently, however, we have seen an increase in the number of centers performing this operation, including our own institution, as well as an increase in the quantity of published data. The purpose of this review is to describe the current status of LPD as described in the literature. We performed a literature search in the Pub Med database using Me SH terms ＂laparoscopy＂ and ＂pancreaticoduodenectomy＂. We then identified articles in the English language with over 20 patients that focused on LPD only. Review articles were excluded and only one article per institution was used for descriptive analysis in order to avoid overlap. There were a total of eight articles meeting review criteria, consisting of 492 patients. On descriptive analysis we found that percent of LPD due to high-grade malignancy averaged 47% over all articles. Average operative time was 452 minutes, blood loss 369 cc＇s, pancreatic leak rate 15%, delayed gastric emptying 8.6%, length of hospital stay 9.4 days, and short term mortality 2.3%. Comparison studies between open pancreaticoduodenectomy（OPD） and LPD suggested decreased blood loss, longer operative time, similar post-operative complication rate, decreased pain, and shorter hospital length of stay for LPD. There was also increased number of lymph nodes harvested and similar margin free resections with LPD in the majority of studies. LPD is a safe surgery, providing many of the advantages typically associated with laparoscopic procedures. We expect this operation to continue to gain in popularity as well as be offered in increasingly more complex cases. In future studies, it will be beneficial to look further at the oncologic outcome data of LPD including survival.展开更多
文摘Purpose: To understand how authors and reviewers are accepting and embracing Open Peer Review(OPR), one of the newest innovations in the Open Science movement.Design/methodology/approach: This research collected and analyzed data from the Open Access journal Peer J over its first three years(2013–2016). Web data were scraped, cleaned, and structured using several Web tools and programs. The structured data were imported into a relational database. Data analyses were conducted using analytical tools as well as programs developed by the researchers.Findings: Peer J, which supports optional OPR, has a broad international representation of authors and referees. Approximately 73.89% of articles provide full review histories. Of the articles with published review histories, 17.61% had identities of all reviewers and 52.57% had at least one signed reviewer. In total, 43.23% of all reviews were signed. The observed proportions of signed reviews have been relatively stable over the period since the Journal’s inception.Research limitations: This research is constrained by the availability of the peer review history data. Some peer reviews were not available when the authors opted out of publishing their review histories. The anonymity of reviewers made it impossible to give an accurate count of reviewers who contributed to the review process. Practical implications: These findings shed light on the current characteristics of OPR. Given the policy that authors are encouraged to make their articles’ review history public and referees are encouraged to sign their review reports, the three years of Peer J review data demonstrate that there is still some reluctance by authors to make their reviews public and by reviewers to identify themselves. Originality/value: This is the first study to closely examine Peer J as an example of an OPR model journal. As Open Science moves further towards open research, OPR is a final and critical component. Research in this area must identify the best policies and paths towards a transparent and open peer review process for scientific communication.
文摘The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates…
文摘Despite established evidence on the advantages of laparoscopy in colon cancer resection,the use of laparoscopy for rectal cancer resection is still controversial.The initial concern was mainly regarding the feasibility of laparoscopy to achieve an adequate total mesorectal excision specimen.These concerns have been raised following early studies demonstrating higher rates of circumferential margins positivity following laparoscopic resection,as compared to open surgery.Similar to colon resection,patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer resection are expected to benefit from a shorter length of hospital stay,less analgesic requirements,and a faster recovery of bowel function.In the past decade there have been an increasing number of large scale clinical trials investigating the oncological and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection.In this review we summarize the current literature available on laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.
文摘[目的/意义]评价Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data(LODE-BD)3.0一书在开放关联数据赋能书目数据方面做出的学术贡献,帮助读者掌握开放关联数据的应用技能。[方法/过程]阐述开放关联数据应用指南的编撰目的,理解LODE-BD的实践建议,思考如何将书目数据表示为开放关联数据,帮助用户开放获取相关的书目资源,实现书目资源的互联互通。[结果/结论]该书是一本成熟的,关于如何选择合适编码策略来生成开放关联数据赋能的书目数据的操作指南,具有丰富的理论价值、方法指导与实践意义。
文摘Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy（LPD） is an extremely challenging surgery. First described in 1994, it has been slow to gain in popularity. Recently, however, we have seen an increase in the number of centers performing this operation, including our own institution, as well as an increase in the quantity of published data. The purpose of this review is to describe the current status of LPD as described in the literature. We performed a literature search in the Pub Med database using Me SH terms ＂laparoscopy＂ and ＂pancreaticoduodenectomy＂. We then identified articles in the English language with over 20 patients that focused on LPD only. Review articles were excluded and only one article per institution was used for descriptive analysis in order to avoid overlap. There were a total of eight articles meeting review criteria, consisting of 492 patients. On descriptive analysis we found that percent of LPD due to high-grade malignancy averaged 47% over all articles. Average operative time was 452 minutes, blood loss 369 cc＇s, pancreatic leak rate 15%, delayed gastric emptying 8.6%, length of hospital stay 9.4 days, and short term mortality 2.3%. Comparison studies between open pancreaticoduodenectomy（OPD） and LPD suggested decreased blood loss, longer operative time, similar post-operative complication rate, decreased pain, and shorter hospital length of stay for LPD. There was also increased number of lymph nodes harvested and similar margin free resections with LPD in the majority of studies. LPD is a safe surgery, providing many of the advantages typically associated with laparoscopic procedures. We expect this operation to continue to gain in popularity as well as be offered in increasingly more complex cases. In future studies, it will be beneficial to look further at the oncologic outcome data of LPD including survival.
