This article presents a proposal for a model of a microprogram control unit (CMCU) with output identification adapted for implementation in complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) equipped with integrated memory mod...This article presents a proposal for a model of a microprogram control unit (CMCU) with output identification adapted for implementation in complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) equipped with integrated memory modules [1]. An approach which applies two sources of code and one-hot encoding has been used in a base CMCU model with output identification [2] [3]. The article depicts a complete example of processing for the proposed CMCU model. Furthermore, it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the approach in question and presents the results of the experiments conducted on a real CPLD system.展开更多
The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemente...The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemented in the complex programmable logic devices (CPLD). First, the conditions needed to apply the method are presented, followed by the results of its implementation in real hardware.展开更多
The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduce...The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduced in coding system, which hinders practical application of MVC. An efficient fast mode decision method using mode complexity is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. In the proposed method, mode complexity is firstly computed by using the spatial, temporal and inter-view correlation between the current macroblock(MB) and its neighboring MBs. Based on the observation that direct mode is highly possible to be the optimal mode, mode complexity is always checked in advance whether it is below a predefined threshold for providing an efficient early termination opportunity. If this early termination condition is not met, three mode types for the MBs are classified according to the value of mode complexity, i.e., simple mode, medium mode and complex mode, to speed up the encoding process by reducing the number of the variable block modes required to be checked. Furthermore, for simple and medium mode region, the rate distortion(RD) cost of mode 16×16 in the temporal prediction direction is compared with that of the disparity prediction direction, to determine in advance whether the optimal prediction direction is in the temporal prediction direction or not, for skipping unnecessary disparity estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to significantly reduce the computational load by 78.79% and the total bit rate by 0.07% on average, while only incurring a negligible loss of PSNR(about 0.04 d B on average), compared with the full mode decision(FMD) in the reference software of MVC.展开更多
In order to reduce the encoding complexity of macroblock coding mode decision in H.264/AVC, a selective smaller block-size searching algorithm and a selective intra coding mode searching algorithm are proposed by usin...In order to reduce the encoding complexity of macroblock coding mode decision in H.264/AVC, a selective smaller block-size searching algorithm and a selective intra coding mode searching algorithm are proposed by using the high correlation among coding modes and in spatial and temporal domains of video sequence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can provide significant improvement in computational requirement, with negligible small picture quality degradation and slight bit rate increase.展开更多
To decrease the computational complexity of adaptive inter-layer prediction and improve the encoding efficiency in sealable video coding, a mode decision algorithm is proposed by exploiting the part of used candidate ...To decrease the computational complexity of adaptive inter-layer prediction and improve the encoding efficiency in sealable video coding, a mode decision algorithm is proposed by exploiting the part of used candidate modes of the co-located reference macrobloeks for Hierarchical-B pictures. This scheme reduces the amount of the candidate modes to generate a dynamic list for the current encoding macroblock according to the statistical information derived from the co-located reference macroblocks in different temporal levels. The experimental results show that this fast algorithm reduces approximately 31% encoding time on average with the negligible loss of encoding performance.展开更多
This study explores the application of single photon detection(SPD)technology in underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)and analyzes the influence of different modulation modes and error correction coding type...This study explores the application of single photon detection(SPD)technology in underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)and analyzes the influence of different modulation modes and error correction coding types on communication performance.The study investigates the impact of on-off keying(OOK)and 2-pulse-position modulation(2-PPM)on the bit error rate(BER)in single-channel intensity and polarization multiplexing.Furthermore,it compares the error correction performance of low-density parity check(LDPC)and Reed-Solomon(RS)codes across different error correction coding types.The effects of unscattered photon ratio and depolarization ratio on BER are also verified.Finally,a UWOC system based on SPD is constructed,achieving 14.58 Mbps with polarization OOK multiplexing modulation and 4.37 Mbps with polarization 2-PPM multiplexing modulation using LDPC code error correction.展开更多
To solve the problems of the AMR-WB+(Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate-WideBand) semi-open-loop coding mode selection algorithm,features for ACELP(Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) and TCX(Transform Coded eXcitatio...To solve the problems of the AMR-WB+(Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate-WideBand) semi-open-loop coding mode selection algorithm,features for ACELP(Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) and TCX(Transform Coded eXcitation) classification are investigated.11 classifying features in the AMR-WB+ codec are selected and 2 novel classifying features,i.e.,EFM(Energy Flatness Measurement) and stdEFM(standard deviation of EFM),are proposed.Consequently,a novel semi-open-loop mode selection algorithm based on EFM and selected AMR-WB+ features is proposed.The results of classifying test and listening test show that the performance of the novel algorithm is much better than that of the AMR-WB+ semi-open-loop coding mode selection algorithm.展开更多
Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results s...Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.展开更多
The complex systems are often in the structure of multi-operating modes, and the components implementing system functions are different under different operation modes, which results in the problems that components of...The complex systems are often in the structure of multi-operating modes, and the components implementing system functions are different under different operation modes, which results in the problems that components often fail in different operating modes, faults can be only detected in specified operating modes, tests can be available in specified operating modes,and the cost and efficiency of detecting and isolating faults are different under different operating modes and isolation levels. Aiming at these problems, an optimal test selection method for fault detection and isolation in the multi-operating mode system is proposed by using the fault pair coding and rollout algorithm. Firstly,the faults in fault-test correlation matrices under different operating modes are combined to fault-pairs, which is used to construct the fault pair-test correlation matrices under different operating modes.Secondly, the final fault pair-test correlation matrix of the multioperating mode system is obtained by operating the fault pair-test correlation matrices under different operating modes. Based on the final fault pair-test correlation matrix, the necessary tests are selected by the rollout algorithm orderly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by examples of the optimal test selection in the multi-operating mode system with faults isolated to different levels. The result shows that the proposed method can effectively mine the fault detection and isolation ability of tests and it is suitable for the optimal test selection of the multi-operating mode system with faults isolated to the replacement unit and specific fault.展开更多
BACKGROUND with the widespread application of computer network systems in the medical field,the plan-do-check-action(PDCA)and the international classification of diseases tenth edition(ICD-10)coding system have also a...BACKGROUND with the widespread application of computer network systems in the medical field,the plan-do-check-action(PDCA)and the international classification of diseases tenth edition(ICD-10)coding system have also achieved favorable results in clinical medical record management.However,research on their combined application is relatively lacking.Objective:it was to explore the impact of network systems and PDCA management mode on ICD-10 encoding.Material and Method:a retrospective collection of 768 discharged medical records from the Medical Record Management Department of Meishan People’s Hospital was conducted.They were divided into a control group(n=232)and an observation group(n=536)based on whether the PDCA management mode was implemented.The two sets of coding accuracy,time spent,case completion rate,satisfaction,and other indicators were compared.AIM To study the adoption of network and PDCA in the ICD-10.METHODS A retrospective collection of 768 discharged medical records from the Medical Record Management Department of Meishan People’s Hospital was conducted.They were divided into a control group(n=232)and an observation group(n=536)based on whether the PDCA management mode was implemented.The two sets of coding accuracy,time spent,case completion rate,satisfaction,and other indicators were compared.RESULTS In the 3,6,12,18,and 24 months of PDCA cycle management mode,the coding accuracy and medical record completion rate were higher,and the coding time was lower in the observation group as against the controls(P<0.05).The satisfaction of coders(80.22%vs 53.45%)and patients(84.89%vs 51.72%)in the observation group was markedly higher as against the controls(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of computer networks and PDCA can improve the accuracy,efficiency,completion rate,and satisfaction of ICD-10 coding.展开更多
A three-field model with the impact of supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI) based on the BOUT++ code is built to simulate edge localized modes(ELMs). Different parameters of SMBI are explored to find an optimal S...A three-field model with the impact of supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI) based on the BOUT++ code is built to simulate edge localized modes(ELMs). Different parameters of SMBI are explored to find an optimal SMBI scenario for ELM mitigation. The linear simulations show that the growth rate of peeling-ballooning mode is reduced by SMBI. The reduction amplitude of the growth rate is increased when the amplitude or width of SMBI is increased, and when SMBI is deposited at the top, bottom and middle of the pedestal, the reduction amplitude increases successively. The nonlinear simulations show that the ELM size is reduced by SMBI. The reduction amplitude of the ELM size is increased when the amplitude or width of SMBI is increased, and when SMBI is deposited at the bottom, top and middle of the pedestal, the reduction amplitude increases successively. Surface-averaged pressure profiles and filamentary structures are analyzed when the ELMs erupt. Deep deposition of SMBI such as at the top and middle of the pedestal reduces the inward collapse amplitude of the pressure profiles, which can improve the confinement efficiency during ELMs. Shallow deposition of SMBI such as at the middle and bottom of the pedestal reduces the outer extent of the filamentary structures, which can slow down the erosion of plasma-facing components caused by ELMs. In conclusion,shallow deposition of SMBI with sufficient amplitude and width can meet the needs of ELM mitigation.展开更多
文摘This article presents a proposal for a model of a microprogram control unit (CMCU) with output identification adapted for implementation in complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) equipped with integrated memory modules [1]. An approach which applies two sources of code and one-hot encoding has been used in a base CMCU model with output identification [2] [3]. The article depicts a complete example of processing for the proposed CMCU model. Furthermore, it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the approach in question and presents the results of the experiments conducted on a real CPLD system.
文摘The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemented in the complex programmable logic devices (CPLD). First, the conditions needed to apply the method are presented, followed by the results of its implementation in real hardware.
基金Project(08Y29-7)supported by the Transportation Science and Research Program of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(201103051)supported by the Major Infrastructure Program of the Health Monitoring System Hardware Platform Based on Sensor Network Node,China+1 种基金Project(61100111)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BE2011169)supported by the Scientific and Technical Supporting Program of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘The variable block-size motion estimation(ME) and disparity estimation(DE) are adopted in multi-view video coding(MVC) to achieve high coding efficiency. However, much higher computational complexity is also introduced in coding system, which hinders practical application of MVC. An efficient fast mode decision method using mode complexity is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. In the proposed method, mode complexity is firstly computed by using the spatial, temporal and inter-view correlation between the current macroblock(MB) and its neighboring MBs. Based on the observation that direct mode is highly possible to be the optimal mode, mode complexity is always checked in advance whether it is below a predefined threshold for providing an efficient early termination opportunity. If this early termination condition is not met, three mode types for the MBs are classified according to the value of mode complexity, i.e., simple mode, medium mode and complex mode, to speed up the encoding process by reducing the number of the variable block modes required to be checked. Furthermore, for simple and medium mode region, the rate distortion(RD) cost of mode 16×16 in the temporal prediction direction is compared with that of the disparity prediction direction, to determine in advance whether the optimal prediction direction is in the temporal prediction direction or not, for skipping unnecessary disparity estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to significantly reduce the computational load by 78.79% and the total bit rate by 0.07% on average, while only incurring a negligible loss of PSNR(about 0.04 d B on average), compared with the full mode decision(FMD) in the reference software of MVC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60372018)
文摘In order to reduce the encoding complexity of macroblock coding mode decision in H.264/AVC, a selective smaller block-size searching algorithm and a selective intra coding mode searching algorithm are proposed by using the high correlation among coding modes and in spatial and temporal domains of video sequence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can provide significant improvement in computational requirement, with negligible small picture quality degradation and slight bit rate increase.
基金Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No. HEUCF11805)
文摘To decrease the computational complexity of adaptive inter-layer prediction and improve the encoding efficiency in sealable video coding, a mode decision algorithm is proposed by exploiting the part of used candidate modes of the co-located reference macrobloeks for Hierarchical-B pictures. This scheme reduces the amount of the candidate modes to generate a dynamic list for the current encoding macroblock according to the statistical information derived from the co-located reference macroblocks in different temporal levels. The experimental results show that this fast algorithm reduces approximately 31% encoding time on average with the negligible loss of encoding performance.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62071441 and 61701464)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202151006).
文摘This study explores the application of single photon detection(SPD)technology in underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)and analyzes the influence of different modulation modes and error correction coding types on communication performance.The study investigates the impact of on-off keying(OOK)and 2-pulse-position modulation(2-PPM)on the bit error rate(BER)in single-channel intensity and polarization multiplexing.Furthermore,it compares the error correction performance of low-density parity check(LDPC)and Reed-Solomon(RS)codes across different error correction coding types.The effects of unscattered photon ratio and depolarization ratio on BER are also verified.Finally,a UWOC system based on SPD is constructed,achieving 14.58 Mbps with polarization OOK multiplexing modulation and 4.37 Mbps with polarization 2-PPM multiplexing modulation using LDPC code error correction.
文摘To solve the problems of the AMR-WB+(Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate-WideBand) semi-open-loop coding mode selection algorithm,features for ACELP(Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) and TCX(Transform Coded eXcitation) classification are investigated.11 classifying features in the AMR-WB+ codec are selected and 2 novel classifying features,i.e.,EFM(Energy Flatness Measurement) and stdEFM(standard deviation of EFM),are proposed.Consequently,a novel semi-open-loop mode selection algorithm based on EFM and selected AMR-WB+ features is proposed.The results of classifying test and listening test show that the performance of the novel algorithm is much better than that of the AMR-WB+ semi-open-loop coding mode selection algorithm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11079045 and 11179003)the Important Direction Project of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program(No.KJCX2-YW-N27)
文摘Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province(2017JQ5016)the Joint Laboratory for Sea Measurement and Control of Aircraft(DOM2016OF011)
文摘The complex systems are often in the structure of multi-operating modes, and the components implementing system functions are different under different operation modes, which results in the problems that components often fail in different operating modes, faults can be only detected in specified operating modes, tests can be available in specified operating modes,and the cost and efficiency of detecting and isolating faults are different under different operating modes and isolation levels. Aiming at these problems, an optimal test selection method for fault detection and isolation in the multi-operating mode system is proposed by using the fault pair coding and rollout algorithm. Firstly,the faults in fault-test correlation matrices under different operating modes are combined to fault-pairs, which is used to construct the fault pair-test correlation matrices under different operating modes.Secondly, the final fault pair-test correlation matrix of the multioperating mode system is obtained by operating the fault pair-test correlation matrices under different operating modes. Based on the final fault pair-test correlation matrix, the necessary tests are selected by the rollout algorithm orderly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by examples of the optimal test selection in the multi-operating mode system with faults isolated to different levels. The result shows that the proposed method can effectively mine the fault detection and isolation ability of tests and it is suitable for the optimal test selection of the multi-operating mode system with faults isolated to the replacement unit and specific fault.
文摘BACKGROUND with the widespread application of computer network systems in the medical field,the plan-do-check-action(PDCA)and the international classification of diseases tenth edition(ICD-10)coding system have also achieved favorable results in clinical medical record management.However,research on their combined application is relatively lacking.Objective:it was to explore the impact of network systems and PDCA management mode on ICD-10 encoding.Material and Method:a retrospective collection of 768 discharged medical records from the Medical Record Management Department of Meishan People’s Hospital was conducted.They were divided into a control group(n=232)and an observation group(n=536)based on whether the PDCA management mode was implemented.The two sets of coding accuracy,time spent,case completion rate,satisfaction,and other indicators were compared.AIM To study the adoption of network and PDCA in the ICD-10.METHODS A retrospective collection of 768 discharged medical records from the Medical Record Management Department of Meishan People’s Hospital was conducted.They were divided into a control group(n=232)and an observation group(n=536)based on whether the PDCA management mode was implemented.The two sets of coding accuracy,time spent,case completion rate,satisfaction,and other indicators were compared.RESULTS In the 3,6,12,18,and 24 months of PDCA cycle management mode,the coding accuracy and medical record completion rate were higher,and the coding time was lower in the observation group as against the controls(P<0.05).The satisfaction of coders(80.22%vs 53.45%)and patients(84.89%vs 51.72%)in the observation group was markedly higher as against the controls(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of computer networks and PDCA can improve the accuracy,efficiency,completion rate,and satisfaction of ICD-10 coding.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFE0303102 and 2017YFE0301100)partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11675217)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017479)。
文摘A three-field model with the impact of supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI) based on the BOUT++ code is built to simulate edge localized modes(ELMs). Different parameters of SMBI are explored to find an optimal SMBI scenario for ELM mitigation. The linear simulations show that the growth rate of peeling-ballooning mode is reduced by SMBI. The reduction amplitude of the growth rate is increased when the amplitude or width of SMBI is increased, and when SMBI is deposited at the top, bottom and middle of the pedestal, the reduction amplitude increases successively. The nonlinear simulations show that the ELM size is reduced by SMBI. The reduction amplitude of the ELM size is increased when the amplitude or width of SMBI is increased, and when SMBI is deposited at the bottom, top and middle of the pedestal, the reduction amplitude increases successively. Surface-averaged pressure profiles and filamentary structures are analyzed when the ELMs erupt. Deep deposition of SMBI such as at the top and middle of the pedestal reduces the inward collapse amplitude of the pressure profiles, which can improve the confinement efficiency during ELMs. Shallow deposition of SMBI such as at the middle and bottom of the pedestal reduces the outer extent of the filamentary structures, which can slow down the erosion of plasma-facing components caused by ELMs. In conclusion,shallow deposition of SMBI with sufficient amplitude and width can meet the needs of ELM mitigation.
