Understanding and strengthening community-level resilience to natural hazard-induced disasters is critical for the management of adverse impacts of such events and the growth of community well-being.A key gap in achie...Understanding and strengthening community-level resilience to natural hazard-induced disasters is critical for the management of adverse impacts of such events and the growth of community well-being.A key gap in achieving this is limited standardized and validated disaster resilience measurement frameworks that operate at local levels and are universally applicable.The Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities(FRMC)is a foremost tool for community flood resilience assessment.It follows a structured approach to comprehensively assess community flood resilience across five classes of capacities(capitals)to support strategic investment in resilience strengthening initiatives.The FRMC is a further development of an earlier version(the FRMT,the Flood Resilience Measurement Tool).The FRMT has been developed and applied between 2015 and 2017 in 118 flood prone communities across nine countries.It has been validated in terms of content and face validity as well as in terms of reliability.To reduce redundancy and survey eff ort,the FRMC holds a lesser number of indicators(44 versus 88)and has now been applied in over 320 communities across 20 countries.We examine the validation for the revised resilience construct and the new community applications and present a comprehensive overview of the statistical and user validation process and outcomes in both practical and scientific terms.The results confirm the validity,reliability as well as usefulness of the FRMC framework and tool.Furthermore,our approach and results provide insights for other resilience measurement approaches and their validation eff orts.We also present a comprehensive discussion about the dynamic aspects of flood resilience at community level,and the many validation aspects that need to be incorporated both in terms of quantification eff orts as well as usability on the ground.展开更多
A rapid and simple liquid chromatography method with on-line solid phase extraction was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cyclophosphamide in rat plasma.The plasma sample was first extracte...A rapid and simple liquid chromatography method with on-line solid phase extraction was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cyclophosphamide in rat plasma.The plasma sample was first extracted on an Acclaim？ Polar Advantage II C18 guard column（PA II C18,10 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,which was also the on-line Extraction Cartridge SPE column,by washing with 100% H2O for 1 min.The extracted sample was then eluted onto a PA II C18 column（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm） and separated by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-water（40：60,v/v）.The mobile phase was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the UV detector was set at 195 nm.Retention time of cyclophosphamide was 4.3 min and the total run-time was 6 min.The linear range of the standard curve was from 1.0 to 200 μg/mL（r2 = 0.9999）,and the limits of quantification and detection were 1.0 μg/mL（RSD10%,n = 5） and 0.3 μg/mL（RSD13%,n = 5）,respectively.Both intra-and inter-day variations were less than 5.6%.The developed method can be used for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclophosphamide in the clinic.展开更多
Based on the finite element （FE） program ANSYS, a three-dimensional model for the Runyang Suspension Bridge （RSB） is established. The structural natural frequency, vibration mode, stress and displacement response ...Based on the finite element （FE） program ANSYS, a three-dimensional model for the Runyang Suspension Bridge （RSB） is established. The structural natural frequency, vibration mode, stress and displacement response under various load cases are given. A new method of FE model updating is presented based on the physical meaning of sensitivity and the penalty function concept. In this method, the structural model is updated by modifying the parameters of design, and validated by structural natural vibration characteristics, stress response as well as displacement response. The design parameters used for updating are bounded according to measured static response and engineering judgment. The FE model of RSB is updated and validated by the measurements coming from the structural health monitoring system （SHMS）, and the FE baseline model reflecting the current state of RSB is achieved. Both the dynamic and static results show that the method is effective in updating the FE model of long span suspension bridges. The results obtained provide an important research basis for damage alarming and health monitoring of the RSB.展开更多
The principle and the constitution of an intelligent system for on-line and real-time montitoring tool cutting state were discussed and a synthetic sensors schedule combined a new type fluid acoustic emission sens...The principle and the constitution of an intelligent system for on-line and real-time montitoring tool cutting state were discussed and a synthetic sensors schedule combined a new type fluid acoustic emission sensor (AE) with motor current sensor was presented. The parallel communication between control system of machine tools, the monitoring intelligent system,and several decision-making systems for identifying tool cutting state was established It can auto - matically select the sensor way ,monitoring mode and identifying method in machining process- ing so as to build a successful and effective intelligent system for on -line and real-time moni- toring cutting tool states in FMS.展开更多
This paper introduces the development and industrial application of an on-line corrosion monitoring device for condenser tubes. Corrosion sensors are made up of representative condenser tubes chosen by eddy current te...This paper introduces the development and industrial application of an on-line corrosion monitoring device for condenser tubes. Corrosion sensors are made up of representative condenser tubes chosen by eddy current test, which enable the monitoring result to be consistent with the corrosion of actual condenser tubes. Localized corrosion rate of condenser tubes can be measured indirectly by a galvanic couple made up of tube segments with and without pits. Using this technology, corrosion problems can be found in time and accurately, and anticorrosive measures be made more economic and effective. Applications in two power plants showed the corrosion measurements are fast and accurate.展开更多
The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through...The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through on-line solution and off-line aging treatment but decreases after off-line solution treatment. By X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, it is found that the microstructures of the die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy before and after on-line solution and off-line aging are similar, consisting of α-Mg and β-Al12Mg17. The precipitation of Al element is prevented by on-line solution so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases precipitate from supersaturated Mg solid solution after off-line aging treatment, and lead to microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy, so the effect of precipitation hardening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases dissolve in the substructure after off-line solution treatment, which leads to that the grain boundary strengthening phase is reduced significantly and the hardness of die cast AZ91D is reduced.展开更多
We have developed an on-line detection method using acridine orange as the fluorescence probe and applied this method to rapidly identify active compounds in herbal medicines. This on-line method was equipped with a h...We have developed an on-line detection method using acridine orange as the fluorescence probe and applied this method to rapidly identify active compounds in herbal medicines. This on-line method was equipped with a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem diode array detector, electrospray ionization-ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry and DNA- acridine orange fluorescence detection （HPLC-DAD-MSn-DNA-AO-FLD）. A large amount of information could be simultaneously obtained during one run, which included HPLC fingerprint, ultraviolet spectra, total ion chromatograms, MSn data of high-resolution mass spectrometry and activity profile of each compound binding with DNA. The method also provided information on structureactivity relationships and mechanism of interaction. We used this on-line method to identify five DNA-binding activity components from Lithospermum erythrorhizon sample for the first time. The result showed that the parent nucleus of shikonin derivatives could bind with DNA. The structure-activity relationship showed that the parent nucleus of shikonin derivatives plays a major role in DNA binding, not the carboxyl group on the side chain. This simple, rapid, high precision and good stability on-line method should be useful for compound separation, structural identification and screening of DNA-binding compounds in herbal medicines.展开更多
Validating simulation model is one of the important aspects for modeling and simulation. Some methods of validating model are compared and analyzed. Several typical methods, such as TIC’s inequality coefficient, gray...Validating simulation model is one of the important aspects for modeling and simulation. Some methods of validating model are compared and analyzed. Several typical methods, such as TIC’s inequality coefficient, gray interconnected analysis, direct spectrum estimation, maximum entropy spectral estimation based on Burg or Marple, are chosen and programmed in C language. Some examples by using the program are given. The results show that the program is available and it is best to adopt multi methods for validating models.展开更多
A technique of detecting cutting tool fracture and ultimate wear by si- multaneously monitoring both the spindle motor current and cutting process related acoustic emission(AE)in the cutting process is reported.The te...A technique of detecting cutting tool fracture and ultimate wear by si- multaneously monitoring both the spindle motor current and cutting process related acoustic emission(AE)in the cutting process is reported.The technique can detect breakage of drills having diameter over 0.8mm,turning cutter crack of area over 0.2mm,and the ultimate wear.The principle,system construction,experimental method and result of the technique are discussed.The ratio of success in detection approaches 96% or higher.展开更多
基金funded by the Z Zurich Foundation,Zurich,Switzerland as a contribution to the Zurich Climate Resilience Alliance。
文摘Understanding and strengthening community-level resilience to natural hazard-induced disasters is critical for the management of adverse impacts of such events and the growth of community well-being.A key gap in achieving this is limited standardized and validated disaster resilience measurement frameworks that operate at local levels and are universally applicable.The Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities(FRMC)is a foremost tool for community flood resilience assessment.It follows a structured approach to comprehensively assess community flood resilience across five classes of capacities(capitals)to support strategic investment in resilience strengthening initiatives.The FRMC is a further development of an earlier version(the FRMT,the Flood Resilience Measurement Tool).The FRMT has been developed and applied between 2015 and 2017 in 118 flood prone communities across nine countries.It has been validated in terms of content and face validity as well as in terms of reliability.To reduce redundancy and survey eff ort,the FRMC holds a lesser number of indicators(44 versus 88)and has now been applied in over 320 communities across 20 countries.We examine the validation for the revised resilience construct and the new community applications and present a comprehensive overview of the statistical and user validation process and outcomes in both practical and scientific terms.The results confirm the validity,reliability as well as usefulness of the FRMC framework and tool.Furthermore,our approach and results provide insights for other resilience measurement approaches and their validation eff orts.We also present a comprehensive discussion about the dynamic aspects of flood resilience at community level,and the many validation aspects that need to be incorporated both in terms of quantification eff orts as well as usability on the ground.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81072612)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.7102107)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs(Grant No.K20110109)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20110001110021)
文摘A rapid and simple liquid chromatography method with on-line solid phase extraction was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cyclophosphamide in rat plasma.The plasma sample was first extracted on an Acclaim？ Polar Advantage II C18 guard column（PA II C18,10 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,which was also the on-line Extraction Cartridge SPE column,by washing with 100% H2O for 1 min.The extracted sample was then eluted onto a PA II C18 column（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm） and separated by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-water（40：60,v/v）.The mobile phase was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the UV detector was set at 195 nm.Retention time of cyclophosphamide was 4.3 min and the total run-time was 6 min.The linear range of the standard curve was from 1.0 to 200 μg/mL（r2 = 0.9999）,and the limits of quantification and detection were 1.0 μg/mL（RSD10%,n = 5） and 0.3 μg/mL（RSD13%,n = 5）,respectively.Both intra-and inter-day variations were less than 5.6%.The developed method can be used for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclophosphamide in the clinic.
文摘Based on the finite element （FE） program ANSYS, a three-dimensional model for the Runyang Suspension Bridge （RSB） is established. The structural natural frequency, vibration mode, stress and displacement response under various load cases are given. A new method of FE model updating is presented based on the physical meaning of sensitivity and the penalty function concept. In this method, the structural model is updated by modifying the parameters of design, and validated by structural natural vibration characteristics, stress response as well as displacement response. The design parameters used for updating are bounded according to measured static response and engineering judgment. The FE model of RSB is updated and validated by the measurements coming from the structural health monitoring system （SHMS）, and the FE baseline model reflecting the current state of RSB is achieved. Both the dynamic and static results show that the method is effective in updating the FE model of long span suspension bridges. The results obtained provide an important research basis for damage alarming and health monitoring of the RSB.
文摘The principle and the constitution of an intelligent system for on-line and real-time montitoring tool cutting state were discussed and a synthetic sensors schedule combined a new type fluid acoustic emission sensor (AE) with motor current sensor was presented. The parallel communication between control system of machine tools, the monitoring intelligent system,and several decision-making systems for identifying tool cutting state was established It can auto - matically select the sensor way ,monitoring mode and identifying method in machining process- ing so as to build a successful and effective intelligent system for on -line and real-time moni- toring cutting tool states in FMS.
文摘This paper introduces the development and industrial application of an on-line corrosion monitoring device for condenser tubes. Corrosion sensors are made up of representative condenser tubes chosen by eddy current test, which enable the monitoring result to be consistent with the corrosion of actual condenser tubes. Localized corrosion rate of condenser tubes can be measured indirectly by a galvanic couple made up of tube segments with and without pits. Using this technology, corrosion problems can be found in time and accurately, and anticorrosive measures be made more economic and effective. Applications in two power plants showed the corrosion measurements are fast and accurate.
基金Projects (2011BAE22B01, 2011BAE22B06) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period of ChinaProject (2010NC018) supported by the Innovation Fund of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
文摘The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through on-line solution and off-line aging treatment but decreases after off-line solution treatment. By X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, it is found that the microstructures of the die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy before and after on-line solution and off-line aging are similar, consisting of α-Mg and β-Al12Mg17. The precipitation of Al element is prevented by on-line solution so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases precipitate from supersaturated Mg solid solution after off-line aging treatment, and lead to microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy, so the effect of precipitation hardening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases dissolve in the substructure after off-line solution treatment, which leads to that the grain boundary strengthening phase is reduced significantly and the hardness of die cast AZ91D is reduced.
基金Peking University Comprehensive Platform for Innovative Drug Research and Development(Grant No.2009ZX--09301--010)
文摘We have developed an on-line detection method using acridine orange as the fluorescence probe and applied this method to rapidly identify active compounds in herbal medicines. This on-line method was equipped with a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem diode array detector, electrospray ionization-ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry and DNA- acridine orange fluorescence detection （HPLC-DAD-MSn-DNA-AO-FLD）. A large amount of information could be simultaneously obtained during one run, which included HPLC fingerprint, ultraviolet spectra, total ion chromatograms, MSn data of high-resolution mass spectrometry and activity profile of each compound binding with DNA. The method also provided information on structureactivity relationships and mechanism of interaction. We used this on-line method to identify five DNA-binding activity components from Lithospermum erythrorhizon sample for the first time. The result showed that the parent nucleus of shikonin derivatives could bind with DNA. The structure-activity relationship showed that the parent nucleus of shikonin derivatives plays a major role in DNA binding, not the carboxyl group on the side chain. This simple, rapid, high precision and good stability on-line method should be useful for compound separation, structural identification and screening of DNA-binding compounds in herbal medicines.
文摘Validating simulation model is one of the important aspects for modeling and simulation. Some methods of validating model are compared and analyzed. Several typical methods, such as TIC’s inequality coefficient, gray interconnected analysis, direct spectrum estimation, maximum entropy spectral estimation based on Burg or Marple, are chosen and programmed in C language. Some examples by using the program are given. The results show that the program is available and it is best to adopt multi methods for validating models.
文摘A technique of detecting cutting tool fracture and ultimate wear by si- multaneously monitoring both the spindle motor current and cutting process related acoustic emission(AE)in the cutting process is reported.The technique can detect breakage of drills having diameter over 0.8mm,turning cutter crack of area over 0.2mm,and the ultimate wear.The principle,system construction,experimental method and result of the technique are discussed.The ratio of success in detection approaches 96% or higher.
