2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with oc...2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning. Totally 9 patients with acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled. The patients received immediately comprehensive supportive treatments, including large-dose glucocorticoid and repeated hemoperfusion （HP）. The ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ T cells were significantly higher in patients upon admission compared to healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）; however, counts of total lymphocytes, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, B （CD19＋）, and natural killer （NK） cells （CD16＋CD56＋） were significantly reduced （all P 〈 0.001）. The NK cell count was negatively correlated with initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （r = -0.750, P = 0.026）. Thus, acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning was accompanied by immediate complex immune cell reactions, especially NK cells might play important role in severe 2,4-DNP poisoning.展开更多
This study examines the influence of microfinance institutions’(MFIs)financial innovation on structural transformation.For this purpose,we considered a household survey from Nepal.The survey collected data on various...This study examines the influence of microfinance institutions’(MFIs)financial innovation on structural transformation.For this purpose,we considered a household survey from Nepal.The survey collected data on various individual and household characteristics,borrowing patterns,and occupations over the years.The key question focused on occupations before and after borrowing,a categorical response variable indicating 1 for occupational change after borrowing and 0 otherwise.Therefore,we use logistic regression to estimate the probability of occupational change,given two measures of financial innovation:loan purpose and size.The results show that the number of households involved in agriculture significantly decreased,with the majority switching to businesses and convenience stores,indicating a shift to the manufacturing and service sectors.These findings suggest that MFIs contribute to local-level structural transformation by enabling borrowers to move away from traditional employment.This study has important implications for policymakers,development practitioners,and academics interested in promoting economic development through microfinancing in low-income countries.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province for Beneficial Technology Research of Social Development(2011C23013)
文摘2,4-dinitrophenol （DNP）, an organic compound which frequently used in industry, is considered to have high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the early changes of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning. Totally 9 patients with acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning and 30 healthy volunteers as control were enrolled. The patients received immediately comprehensive supportive treatments, including large-dose glucocorticoid and repeated hemoperfusion （HP）. The ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ T cells were significantly higher in patients upon admission compared to healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）; however, counts of total lymphocytes, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, B （CD19＋）, and natural killer （NK） cells （CD16＋CD56＋） were significantly reduced （all P 〈 0.001）. The NK cell count was negatively correlated with initial plasma 2,4-DNP concentration （r = -0.750, P = 0.026）. Thus, acute occupational 2,4-DNP poisoning was accompanied by immediate complex immune cell reactions, especially NK cells might play important role in severe 2,4-DNP poisoning.
文摘This study examines the influence of microfinance institutions’(MFIs)financial innovation on structural transformation.For this purpose,we considered a household survey from Nepal.The survey collected data on various individual and household characteristics,borrowing patterns,and occupations over the years.The key question focused on occupations before and after borrowing,a categorical response variable indicating 1 for occupational change after borrowing and 0 otherwise.Therefore,we use logistic regression to estimate the probability of occupational change,given two measures of financial innovation:loan purpose and size.The results show that the number of households involved in agriculture significantly decreased,with the majority switching to businesses and convenience stores,indicating a shift to the manufacturing and service sectors.These findings suggest that MFIs contribute to local-level structural transformation by enabling borrowers to move away from traditional employment.This study has important implications for policymakers,development practitioners,and academics interested in promoting economic development through microfinancing in low-income countries.
