Canopy photosynthesis,rather than leaf photosynthesis,is highly related to plant biomass and yield formation.Studying canopy photosynthesis and identifying the parameters that control it can help optimize agricultural...Canopy photosynthesis,rather than leaf photosynthesis,is highly related to plant biomass and yield formation.Studying canopy photosynthesis and identifying the parameters that control it can help optimize agricultural management and achieve crop yield potential.Compared with traditional parameters,canopy occupation volume(COV)offers an integrative parameter on canopy architecture related to canopy photosynthetic rates.In this study,we developed a high-throughput method to derive COV for different rice varieties.We first used multi-perspective two-dimensional imaging to reconstruct three-dimensional point clouds of rice plants and developed a suite of pipelines to calculate plant height,leaf number,tiller number,and biomass,with R^(2) values of 91.8%,95.9%,82.3%,and 94.3%,respectively.We further employed point cloud data to reconstruct the surfaces of rice plants and construct a virtual canopy model of the rice population.Light distribution was simulated using a ray-tracing algorithm and canopy photosynthetic rates were simulated via photosynthetic rate-incident light intensity curve fitting.Furthermore,we systematically explored the relationships between canopy phenotypes and photosynthetic rates,and found that COV was the most effective predictor of canopy photosynthesis,achieving an R^(2) value of 92.1%.Adjustment in atmospheric transmittance showed that COV strongly correlated with canopy photosynthesis under different light conditions,with higher accuracy observed under diffuse light.Variations in planting density confirmed that this correlation remained strong at the community level.In summary,this study demonstrates that COV is closely linked to simulated canopy photosynthesis and the developed pipeline can support future agronomic and breeding research.展开更多
Watersheds play a fundamental role in the hydrological cycle because of their contributions to the water regulation of essential tributaries for ecosystems.However,the balance between soil and climatological component...Watersheds play a fundamental role in the hydrological cycle because of their contributions to the water regulation of essential tributaries for ecosystems.However,the balance between soil and climatological components of these watersheds has been altered by human activities,which directly impacts them through changes in land use.In Colombia,the lack of control over land-use in watersheds has affected the water regulation services of important tributaries,such as the Onzaga River,whose waters are mainly used for agricultural activities.For this reason,this study aims to evaluate how changes in land use in the basin affected the capacity of water regulation.For this,a statistical correlation analysis was conducted between the Water Regulation Index(WRI)and vegetation cover areas from 1985 to 2023.The study results indicate that the expansion of the anthropogenic vegetation covers,such as agriculture parches and grasslands,replacing different types of forests,and producing an adverse effect on the water regulation capacity for the basin.This demonstrated its decrease along with an increase in its variability,indicating that,in addition to its degradation,there is a greater irregularity in this ecosystem service.In conclusion,correlation analysis indicates that 93%of the change in water regulation regime is explained by the contraction of forest cover and the expansion of agricultural areas,degraded lands,and urban development.This study confirms the importance of preserving native vegetation cover in the watershed,especially in areas adjacent to watercourses with riparian forests.展开更多
Intrinsic two-dimensional(2D)ferromagnetic(FM)semiconductors have attracted extensive attentions for their potential applications in next-generation spintronics devices.In recent years,the van der Waals material VI_(3...Intrinsic two-dimensional(2D)ferromagnetic(FM)semiconductors have attracted extensive attentions for their potential applications in next-generation spintronics devices.In recent years,the van der Waals material VI_(3) has been experimentally found to be an intrinsic FM semiconductor.However,the electronic structure of the VI_(3) is not fully understood.To reveal why the VI_(3)is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with strong out-of-plane anisotropy,we systematically studied the electronic structure of the monolayer VI_(3).Our results confirm that the monolayer VI_(3) is a Mott insulator,and d^(2) electrons occupy a_(g) and e_(g)^(π+) orbitals.The half-metallic state is a metastable state with a total energy 0.7 e V higher than the ferromagnetic Mott insulating state.Furthermore,our study confirmed that the VI_(3)exhibits the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy,which originates from d^(2) electrons occupying low-lying agand egπ+orbitals.Since the orbital angular momentum of the e_(g)^(π+) state is not completely quenched,the VI_(3) has the out-of-plane anisotropy under interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and crystal field.Our study provides valuable guidance for the design of 2D magnetic materials with pronounced out-of-plane anisotropy.展开更多
Aiming at inhibiting the irreversible P2–O2 phase transition of conventional P2-type cathode materials at high voltage and enhancing the cycling stability of sodium-ion batteries,in this article,based on a strategy o...Aiming at inhibiting the irreversible P2–O2 phase transition of conventional P2-type cathode materials at high voltage and enhancing the cycling stability of sodium-ion batteries,in this article,based on a strategy of adjusting the Na^(+)ion occupancy within the crystal structure,Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67–x)Fe_(x)O_(2)(NM–x Fe,x=0.10,0.15,0.20)cathode materials were synthesized by high shear mixer(HSM)-assisted co-precipitation method and evaluated the electrochemical performance at high voltage(4.35 V).The optimal sample NM–0.15Fe exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 130.8 mAh/g(0.1 C),with exceptional retention of 95.9%after 100 cycles(1 C).XRD analysis reveals that Fe intercalation promotes the more amount of Nae-similar occupation;the Nae/Naf ratio equals 1.93 for NM–0.15Fe versus 1.62 for NM,which enhances Na^(+)diffusion kinetics,as confirmed by GITT tests.Through characterizations of in situ XRD,XPS,HRTEM,CV,etc.,it is illustrated that the Fe^(3+)intercalation can effectively disrupt the Na^(+)/vacancy ordering and inhibit the harmful P2–O2 phase transition,and then improve the cycling stability of the cathode.DFT calculations disclose that intercalated Fe can reduce the electron densities of adjacent transition metallic elements,generating more repulsive forces impacted on sodium and consequently appearance of more Nae sites,leading to a lower Na^(+)diffusion energy barrier.Such strategy of modulating Na occupation sites in crystal structure is conducive to the development of low-cost and high-performance layered cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
We study age-structured branching models with reproduction law depending on the remaining lifetime of the parent. The lifespan of an individual is determined at its birth and its remaining lifetime decreases at the un...We study age-structured branching models with reproduction law depending on the remaining lifetime of the parent. The lifespan of an individual is determined at its birth and its remaining lifetime decreases at the unit speed. The models, without or with immigration, are constructed as measure-valued processes by pathwise unique solutions of stochastic equations driven by time-space Poisson random measures. In the subcritical branching case, we give a sufficient condition for the ergodicity of the process with immigration. Two large number laws and a central limit theorem of the occupation times are proved.展开更多
The potential energies, volumes and electronic structures of characteristic atoms coordinated by neighboring configurations were obtained from the experimental heats of formation and lattice parameters of disordered A...The potential energies, volumes and electronic structures of characteristic atoms coordinated by neighboring configurations were obtained from the experimental heats of formation and lattice parameters of disordered Au1-xCux alloys. From characteristic atom occupation （CAO） patterns of L12-Au3Cu, L12-AuCu3 and Llo-AuCu compounds, their electronic structures, volumetric and energetic properties were calculated. The CAO pattern of Johasson-Linde（J-L） model shows that the transition AuCuI→AuCulI is an exothermic and volume contraction reaction, which is opposite from experimental phenomena. According to CAO pattern of Guymont-Feutelais-Legendre（G-F-L） model, the AuCulI cell consists of two periodic antidirection （PAD） AuCuI regions and two PAD boundary regions. The equations derived from CAO pattern of G-F-L model can be used to calculate energetic properties, volumetric properties and ordering degrees of the PAD AuCuI region and PAD boundary region, as well as corresponding average properties of the AuCulI phase. The results are consistent with experimental phenomena.展开更多
Microscopic phase-field method was used to simulate the site occupation of a series of alloys with a stoichiometric composition of Ni75Al25?xFex (x=0, 5?10) aged at 1273 K. With the change of Fe content, quantitative ...Microscopic phase-field method was used to simulate the site occupation of a series of alloys with a stoichiometric composition of Ni75Al25?xFex (x=0, 5?10) aged at 1273 K. With the change of Fe content, quantitative calculations were made on each atomic site occupation probability (SOP) in L12-Ni3 (Al1?xFex), so as to find out the dynamic response law. The result of the study shows that, with the increase of Fe content, the Fe atom preferentially occupies the B sites (corner sites of FCC) with its SOP value being increased gradually, and the SOP of the Al atom on the B sites is greatly decreased. Meanwhile, AlNi and FeNi anti-sites form in the precipitation of L12 phase. Moreover, with the increase of Fe content, the formation of AlNi and FeNi anti-sites becomes much easier. In addition, it has been found that the instantaneous dynamic evolution of the atomic SOP is completed at the early stage of the growth of L12 phases.展开更多
The suitability evaluation of reclamation land was the premise and foundation for drawing up the land reclamation program.Taking Gouchang coal mine in Nayong County of Guizhou as an example,combining with the actual s...The suitability evaluation of reclamation land was the premise and foundation for drawing up the land reclamation program.Taking Gouchang coal mine in Nayong County of Guizhou as an example,combining with the actual situation which included the topography,the soil in the mine area and so on,the reclamation land in the mine area was divided into the living area,the production area,the coal yard,the temporary coal gangue yard and other subsidiary facilities district.It determined that the main destruction type in every unit was the occupation,and the destruction degree was severe.Meanwhile referring the suitability evaluation standards of cultivated field and woodland,it finally determined that the reclamation direction of evaluation land which was damaged seriously by the occupation in the mine area was all suitable to the cultivated field and woodland.展开更多
Male reproductive disorders that are of interest from an environmental point of view include sexual dysfunction,infertility,cryptorchidism,hypospadias and testicular cancer. Several reports suggest declining sperm cou...Male reproductive disorders that are of interest from an environmental point of view include sexual dysfunction,infertility,cryptorchidism,hypospadias and testicular cancer. Several reports suggest declining sperm counts and increase of these reproductive disorders in some areas during some time periods past 50 years. Except for testicular cancer this evidence is circumstantial and needs cautious interpretation. However,the male germ line is one of the most sensitive tissues to the damaging effects of ionizing radiation,radiant heat and a number of known toxicants. So far occupational hazards are the best documented risk factors for impaired male reproductive function and include physical exposures （radiant heat,ionizing radiation,high frequency electromagnetic radiation）,chemical exposures （some solvents as carbon disulfide and ethylene glycol ethers,some pesticides as dibromochloropropane,ethylendibromide and DDT/DDE,some heavy metals as inorganic lead and mercury） and work processes such as metal welding. Improved working conditions in affluent countries have dramatically decreased known hazardous workplace exposures,but millions of workers in less affluent countries are at risk from reproductive toxicants.New data show that environmental low-level exposure to biopersistent pollutants in the diet may pose a risk to people in all parts of the world. For other toxicants the evidence is only suggestive and further evaluation is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Whether compounds as phthalates,bisphenol A and boron that are present in a large number of industrial and consumer products entails a risk remains to be established. The same applies to psychosocial stressors and use of mobile phones. Finally,there are data indicating a particular vulnerability of the fetal testis to toxicants-for instance maternal tobacco smoking. Time has come where male reproductive toxicity should be addressed form entirely new angles including exposures very early in life.展开更多
There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occu...There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.展开更多
Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation dur...Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation during beyond-visual-range(BVR)air combat.However,prior research on occupational decision-making in BVR air combat has mostly been limited to one-on-one scenarios.As such,this study presents a practical cooperative occupation decision-making methodology for use with multiple UCAVs.The weapon engagement zone(WEZ)and combat geometry were first used to develop an advantage function for situational assessment of one-on-one engagement.An encircling advantage function was then designed to represent the cooperation of UCAVs,thereby establishing a cooperative occupation model.The corresponding objective function was derived from the one-on-one engagement advantage function and the encircling advantage function.The resulting model exhibited similarities to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.As such,an improved discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO)algorithm was used to identify a solution.The occupation process was then converted into a formation switching task as part of the cooperative occupation model.A series of simulations were conducted to verify occupational solutions in varying situations,including two-on-two engagement.Simulated results showed these solutions varied with initial conditions and weighting coefficients.This occupation process,based on formation switching,effectively demonstrates the viability of the proposed technique.These cooperative occupation results could provide a theoretical framework for subsequent research in cooperative BVR air combat.展开更多
Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care ...Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care and its association with depression,anxiety and quality of life among caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and schizophrenia.Methods This was an observational,cross-sectional,single-centred study of 50 consecutive caregivers of patients with AUD and schizophrenia.Participants were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and June 2017.The caregivers were further assessed by demographic details,Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale for assessment of depression and anxiety,Zarit Burden Interview for assessment of caregiver burden and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF for assessment of quality of life.Statistical data were analysed using GraphPad InStat V.3.06(California).Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of caregiver burden.Results Burden of care experienced by caregivers of patients with AUD is as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia(U=1142.5,p=0.46).Caregivers experiencing high burden of care are likely to have symptoms of anxiety(U=22,p<0.001),depression(U=32,p<0.001)and poor quality of life(U=84.5,p<0.001).Female caregivers are likely to experience higher burden of care(U=819.5,p=0.006).For caregivers of patients with schizophrenia,anxiety,environmental health,socioeconomic status and patients,occupation can predict burden of care,while for caregivers of patients with AUD,depression and environmental health can predict burden of care.Conclusion Our study suggests that caregivers of patients with AUD experience burden of care as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Caregivers with high burden of care are more likely to have depression,anxiety and poor quality of life.Trial registration number CTRI/2017/03/008224.展开更多
The paper applies Cobb-Douglas Production Function and Solow-Swan Model to constructing the calculation model of the contribution rate of cultivated land occupation by construction （CLOC） to China＇s economic growth...The paper applies Cobb-Douglas Production Function and Solow-Swan Model to constructing the calculation model of the contribution rate of cultivated land occupation by construction （CLOC） to China＇s economic growth,and analyzes the contribution change of CLOC to China＇s economic growth qualitatively and quantitatively.The main conclusions are as follows：1） From 1989 to 2007,the contribution rates of capital,labor,and CLOC to China＇s economic growth were 45.76%,8.47%,and 6.19% respectively.2） From the period 1989-1996 to the period 1997-2007 the contribution rate of CLOC to China＇s economic growth increased from 5.40% to 5.87%.The degree of contribution was enhanced significantly.3） The contribution of CLOC to China＇s economic growth had a spatial distribution characteristic that the contribution rate of eastern coastal regions was the highest,that of central regions came second,and that of western regions the lowest.The paper indicates that in order to enhance the contribution of CLOC to China＇s economic growth,some relevant economic and administrative measures might be taken,and land might be used intensively and economically to increase land economic density.The cost of promoting gross domestic product （GDP） growth might be reduced as much as possible to achieve higher GDP growth and lower land resource consumption.展开更多
In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the stro...In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the strong Markov property of the surplus process and the distribution of the deficit in classical risk model, the survival probability for this model is derived, which is more direct than that in Asmussen（2000, P195, Proposition 1.10）. The occupation time of non-dividend of this model is also discussed by means of Martingale method.展开更多
By studying a cluster model containing Ni region （phase）, NiaAI region （phase） and Ni/Ni3Al region （interface） with a first-principles method, the occupation behavior and the ductility effect of zirconium in a N...By studying a cluster model containing Ni region （phase）, NiaAI region （phase） and Ni/Ni3Al region （interface） with a first-principles method, the occupation behavior and the ductility effect of zirconium in a Ni-Ni3Al system were investigated. It is found that zirconium has a stronger segregation tendency to Ni region than to Ni3Al region. The bond order analyses based on Rice-Wang model and the maximum theoretical shear stress model, however, show that zirconium has different degrees of ductility effect in these three regions, which originates from its different ability to increase the Griffith work of interracial cleavage 2γint and to decrease the maximum theoretical shear stress τmax. In addition, it is revealed in this paper that the distinct behavior of zirconium from boron to restrain hydrogen-induced embrittlement can be attributed to their different influences on the crystalline and electronic structures in Ni-Ni3Al alloys.展开更多
Phthalate esters（PAEs） are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals＇ endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed ...Phthalate esters（PAEs） are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals＇ endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed to various levels of PAEs. In the present study, four typical occupational groups were chosen, including doctors, college teachers, college students, and drivers who worked in public traffic system. In order to understand the exposure levels to PAEs via inhalation, air samples were collected from multiple microenvironments including indoor and outdoor in Hangzhou to measure the gas and particle concentrations of six PAEs, together with time spent in different microenvironments of these four groups. A comprehensive PAEs exposure model was built to estimate the daily PAEs exposure through inhalation, oral and dermal pathways. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that doctors were exposed to the highest level of PAEs, and consequently had the highest health risk among these four occupational groups. In contrast, college students had the lowest health risk. By setting the exposure level of staying in residences as the baseline, doctors and drivers were two occupations exposed to high PAEs health risk. Di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） was the largest contributor among the six phthalates, posing moderate health risk（10-5–10-6） to every occupation. For traffic microenvironments alone, the total exposure levels for different transportation modes were in the descending order of busses, cars, cabs, tubes, motor bikes, and walking.展开更多
The influence of lattice misfit on the occupation behavior and the ductility effect of Zr in Ni-Ni3Al alloys were explored. It is found in energy analysis that the preferable site of Zr between Ni sublattice and Al su...The influence of lattice misfit on the occupation behavior and the ductility effect of Zr in Ni-Ni3Al alloys were explored. It is found in energy analysis that the preferable site of Zr between Ni sublattice and Al sublattice will change under different lattice misfit, however, the Zr prefers to segregate Ni phase rather than Ni3Al phase in all lattice misfit range, which makes it impossible for Zr to go into Ni3Al phase to occupy Al sublattice in Ni-Ni3Al system. Bond order （BO） analysis shows that the localized ductility effect of Zr differs in different region, and the comparison between Zr-free and Zr-doped BO analysis successfully explain the mechanism of the embrittlement of Ni-Ni3Al alloys and the ductility effect of Zr.展开更多
Objective To investigate the prevalence and modifiable risk factors of degenerative valvular heart disease(DVHD)among elderly population in southern China.Methods A stratified multistage sampling method was used to re...Objective To investigate the prevalence and modifiable risk factors of degenerative valvular heart disease(DVHD)among elderly population in southern China.Methods A stratified multistage sampling method was used to recruit subjects.The contents of the survey included the questionnaire,laboratory examination,echocardiography,and other auxiliary examinations.The possible risk factors of DVHD were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 3538 subjects≥65 years of age were enrolled.One thousand three hundred and seven subjects(36.9%)were diagnosed with DVHD.Degenerative was the most common etiology of VHD.Prevalence of DVHD increased with advancing age.The prevalence of DVHD differed by living region(χ^(2)=45.594,P<0.001),educational level(χ^(2)=50.557,P<0.001),and occupation(χ^(2)=36.961,P<0.001).Risk factors associated with DVHD included age(two-fold increased risk for each 10-year increase in age),elevated level C-reactive protein(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.100-1.646),elevated level low density lipoprotein(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.064-1.451),coronary artery disease(OR=1.651,95%CI:1.085-2.513),smoking(OR=1.341,95%CI:1.132-1.589),and hypertension(OR=1.414,95%CI:1.221-1.638).Other significant risk factors included reduced or elevated level red blood cell(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.031-1.761;OR=1.599,95%CI:1.097-2.331;respectively),elevated level platelets(OR=1.891,95%CI:1.118-3.198),elevated level uric acid(OR=1.282,95%CI:1.112-1.479),and stroke(OR:1.738,95%CI=1.085-2.513).Conclusions The survey characterized the baseline conditions of DVHD cohort of elderly population in Guangzhou city.The established and emerging risk factors for DVHD may represent challenges and opportunities for therapy.展开更多
P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformati...P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformation,Na+/vacancy ordering,and transition metal(TM)dissolution seriously damage its cycling stability and restrict its commercialization process.Herein,Na occupation manipulation and interface stabilization are proposed to strengthen the phase structure of NNMO by synergistic Zn/Ti co-doping and introducing lithium difluorophosp(LiPO_(2)F_(2))film-forming electrolyte additive.The Zn/Ti co-doping regulates the occupancy ratio of Nae/Nafat Na sites and disorganizes the Na+/vacancy ordering,resulting in a faster Na+diffusion kinetics and reversible P2-Z phase transition for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.28)Zn_(0.05)Mn_(0.62)Ti_(0.05)O_(2)(NNZMTO).Meanwhile,the LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive can form homogeneous and ultrathin cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)on NNZMTO surface,which can stabilize the NNZMTO-electrolyte interface to prevent TM dissolution,surface structure transformation,and micro-crack generation.Combination studies of in situ and ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the storage mechanism of NNZMTO with Li PO_(2)F_(2)additive.As a result,the NNZMTO displays outstanding capacity retention of 94.44%after 500 cycles at 1C with 0.3 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),excellent rate performance of 92.5 mA h g^(-1)at 8C with 0.1 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),and remarkable full cell capability.This work highlights the important role of manipulating Na occupation and constructing protective film in the design of layered materials,which provides a promising direction for developing high-performance cathodes for SIBs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201654 and U22A20464)National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2020YFA0907600)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Canopy photosynthesis,rather than leaf photosynthesis,is highly related to plant biomass and yield formation.Studying canopy photosynthesis and identifying the parameters that control it can help optimize agricultural management and achieve crop yield potential.Compared with traditional parameters,canopy occupation volume(COV)offers an integrative parameter on canopy architecture related to canopy photosynthetic rates.In this study,we developed a high-throughput method to derive COV for different rice varieties.We first used multi-perspective two-dimensional imaging to reconstruct three-dimensional point clouds of rice plants and developed a suite of pipelines to calculate plant height,leaf number,tiller number,and biomass,with R^(2) values of 91.8%,95.9%,82.3%,and 94.3%,respectively.We further employed point cloud data to reconstruct the surfaces of rice plants and construct a virtual canopy model of the rice population.Light distribution was simulated using a ray-tracing algorithm and canopy photosynthetic rates were simulated via photosynthetic rate-incident light intensity curve fitting.Furthermore,we systematically explored the relationships between canopy phenotypes and photosynthetic rates,and found that COV was the most effective predictor of canopy photosynthesis,achieving an R^(2) value of 92.1%.Adjustment in atmospheric transmittance showed that COV strongly correlated with canopy photosynthesis under different light conditions,with higher accuracy observed under diffuse light.Variations in planting density confirmed that this correlation remained strong at the community level.In summary,this study demonstrates that COV is closely linked to simulated canopy photosynthesis and the developed pipeline can support future agronomic and breeding research.
基金The authors would like to thank the Vice-chancellor of Research at the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada for the opportunity to develop project INV-ING-3966.
文摘Watersheds play a fundamental role in the hydrological cycle because of their contributions to the water regulation of essential tributaries for ecosystems.However,the balance between soil and climatological components of these watersheds has been altered by human activities,which directly impacts them through changes in land use.In Colombia,the lack of control over land-use in watersheds has affected the water regulation services of important tributaries,such as the Onzaga River,whose waters are mainly used for agricultural activities.For this reason,this study aims to evaluate how changes in land use in the basin affected the capacity of water regulation.For this,a statistical correlation analysis was conducted between the Water Regulation Index(WRI)and vegetation cover areas from 1985 to 2023.The study results indicate that the expansion of the anthropogenic vegetation covers,such as agriculture parches and grasslands,replacing different types of forests,and producing an adverse effect on the water regulation capacity for the basin.This demonstrated its decrease along with an increase in its variability,indicating that,in addition to its degradation,there is a greater irregularity in this ecosystem service.In conclusion,correlation analysis indicates that 93%of the change in water regulation regime is explained by the contraction of forest cover and the expansion of agricultural areas,degraded lands,and urban development.This study confirms the importance of preserving native vegetation cover in the watershed,especially in areas adjacent to watercourses with riparian forests.
基金partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFC030)the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.D20212603)+2 种基金Hubei University of Arts and Science(No.2020kypytd002)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22303098)the support from Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1908085MA10)。
文摘Intrinsic two-dimensional(2D)ferromagnetic(FM)semiconductors have attracted extensive attentions for their potential applications in next-generation spintronics devices.In recent years,the van der Waals material VI_(3) has been experimentally found to be an intrinsic FM semiconductor.However,the electronic structure of the VI_(3) is not fully understood.To reveal why the VI_(3)is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with strong out-of-plane anisotropy,we systematically studied the electronic structure of the monolayer VI_(3).Our results confirm that the monolayer VI_(3) is a Mott insulator,and d^(2) electrons occupy a_(g) and e_(g)^(π+) orbitals.The half-metallic state is a metastable state with a total energy 0.7 e V higher than the ferromagnetic Mott insulating state.Furthermore,our study confirmed that the VI_(3)exhibits the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy,which originates from d^(2) electrons occupying low-lying agand egπ+orbitals.Since the orbital angular momentum of the e_(g)^(π+) state is not completely quenched,the VI_(3) has the out-of-plane anisotropy under interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and crystal field.Our study provides valuable guidance for the design of 2D magnetic materials with pronounced out-of-plane anisotropy.
基金supported by Jing-Jin-Ji Regional Integrated Environmental Improvement,National Science and Technology Major Project(Nos.2024ZD1200303).
文摘Aiming at inhibiting the irreversible P2–O2 phase transition of conventional P2-type cathode materials at high voltage and enhancing the cycling stability of sodium-ion batteries,in this article,based on a strategy of adjusting the Na^(+)ion occupancy within the crystal structure,Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67–x)Fe_(x)O_(2)(NM–x Fe,x=0.10,0.15,0.20)cathode materials were synthesized by high shear mixer(HSM)-assisted co-precipitation method and evaluated the electrochemical performance at high voltage(4.35 V).The optimal sample NM–0.15Fe exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 130.8 mAh/g(0.1 C),with exceptional retention of 95.9%after 100 cycles(1 C).XRD analysis reveals that Fe intercalation promotes the more amount of Nae-similar occupation;the Nae/Naf ratio equals 1.93 for NM–0.15Fe versus 1.62 for NM,which enhances Na^(+)diffusion kinetics,as confirmed by GITT tests.Through characterizations of in situ XRD,XPS,HRTEM,CV,etc.,it is illustrated that the Fe^(3+)intercalation can effectively disrupt the Na^(+)/vacancy ordering and inhibit the harmful P2–O2 phase transition,and then improve the cycling stability of the cathode.DFT calculations disclose that intercalated Fe can reduce the electron densities of adjacent transition metallic elements,generating more repulsive forces impacted on sodium and consequently appearance of more Nae sites,leading to a lower Na^(+)diffusion energy barrier.Such strategy of modulating Na occupation sites in crystal structure is conducive to the development of low-cost and high-performance layered cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0712901).
文摘We study age-structured branching models with reproduction law depending on the remaining lifetime of the parent. The lifespan of an individual is determined at its birth and its remaining lifetime decreases at the unit speed. The models, without or with immigration, are constructed as measure-valued processes by pathwise unique solutions of stochastic equations driven by time-space Poisson random measures. In the subcritical branching case, we give a sufficient condition for the ergodicity of the process with immigration. Two large number laws and a central limit theorem of the occupation times are proved.
基金Project (50711181) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (2009FJ4016) supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘The potential energies, volumes and electronic structures of characteristic atoms coordinated by neighboring configurations were obtained from the experimental heats of formation and lattice parameters of disordered Au1-xCux alloys. From characteristic atom occupation （CAO） patterns of L12-Au3Cu, L12-AuCu3 and Llo-AuCu compounds, their electronic structures, volumetric and energetic properties were calculated. The CAO pattern of Johasson-Linde（J-L） model shows that the transition AuCuI→AuCulI is an exothermic and volume contraction reaction, which is opposite from experimental phenomena. According to CAO pattern of Guymont-Feutelais-Legendre（G-F-L） model, the AuCulI cell consists of two periodic antidirection （PAD） AuCuI regions and two PAD boundary regions. The equations derived from CAO pattern of G-F-L model can be used to calculate energetic properties, volumetric properties and ordering degrees of the PAD AuCuI region and PAD boundary region, as well as corresponding average properties of the AuCulI phase. The results are consistent with experimental phenomena.
基金Project(2013011014-1)supported by the Natural Science Funds of Shanxi Province,ChinaProject(2009021028)supported by Science and Technique Foundation for Young Scholars of Shanxi Province,China
文摘Microscopic phase-field method was used to simulate the site occupation of a series of alloys with a stoichiometric composition of Ni75Al25?xFex (x=0, 5?10) aged at 1273 K. With the change of Fe content, quantitative calculations were made on each atomic site occupation probability (SOP) in L12-Ni3 (Al1?xFex), so as to find out the dynamic response law. The result of the study shows that, with the increase of Fe content, the Fe atom preferentially occupies the B sites (corner sites of FCC) with its SOP value being increased gradually, and the SOP of the Al atom on the B sites is greatly decreased. Meanwhile, AlNi and FeNi anti-sites form in the precipitation of L12 phase. Moreover, with the increase of Fe content, the formation of AlNi and FeNi anti-sites becomes much easier. In addition, it has been found that the instantaneous dynamic evolution of the atomic SOP is completed at the early stage of the growth of L12 phases.
基金Supported by Guizhou Science and Technology Fund(Guizhou Science and Technology Fund J Word LKS[2009]Number20)
文摘The suitability evaluation of reclamation land was the premise and foundation for drawing up the land reclamation program.Taking Gouchang coal mine in Nayong County of Guizhou as an example,combining with the actual situation which included the topography,the soil in the mine area and so on,the reclamation land in the mine area was divided into the living area,the production area,the coal yard,the temporary coal gangue yard and other subsidiary facilities district.It determined that the main destruction type in every unit was the occupation,and the destruction degree was severe.Meanwhile referring the suitability evaluation standards of cultivated field and woodland,it finally determined that the reclamation direction of evaluation land which was damaged seriously by the occupation in the mine area was all suitable to the cultivated field and woodland.
文摘Male reproductive disorders that are of interest from an environmental point of view include sexual dysfunction,infertility,cryptorchidism,hypospadias and testicular cancer. Several reports suggest declining sperm counts and increase of these reproductive disorders in some areas during some time periods past 50 years. Except for testicular cancer this evidence is circumstantial and needs cautious interpretation. However,the male germ line is one of the most sensitive tissues to the damaging effects of ionizing radiation,radiant heat and a number of known toxicants. So far occupational hazards are the best documented risk factors for impaired male reproductive function and include physical exposures （radiant heat,ionizing radiation,high frequency electromagnetic radiation）,chemical exposures （some solvents as carbon disulfide and ethylene glycol ethers,some pesticides as dibromochloropropane,ethylendibromide and DDT/DDE,some heavy metals as inorganic lead and mercury） and work processes such as metal welding. Improved working conditions in affluent countries have dramatically decreased known hazardous workplace exposures,but millions of workers in less affluent countries are at risk from reproductive toxicants.New data show that environmental low-level exposure to biopersistent pollutants in the diet may pose a risk to people in all parts of the world. For other toxicants the evidence is only suggestive and further evaluation is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Whether compounds as phthalates,bisphenol A and boron that are present in a large number of industrial and consumer products entails a risk remains to be established. The same applies to psychosocial stressors and use of mobile phones. Finally,there are data indicating a particular vulnerability of the fetal testis to toxicants-for instance maternal tobacco smoking. Time has come where male reproductive toxicity should be addressed form entirely new angles including exposures very early in life.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No KSCX1-YW-09-01)
文摘There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61573286)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20180753006)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019ZDHKY07)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JQ-218)the Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology。
文摘Recent advances in on-board radar and missile capabilities,combined with individual payload limitations,have led to increased interest in the use of unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs)for cooperative occupation during beyond-visual-range(BVR)air combat.However,prior research on occupational decision-making in BVR air combat has mostly been limited to one-on-one scenarios.As such,this study presents a practical cooperative occupation decision-making methodology for use with multiple UCAVs.The weapon engagement zone(WEZ)and combat geometry were first used to develop an advantage function for situational assessment of one-on-one engagement.An encircling advantage function was then designed to represent the cooperation of UCAVs,thereby establishing a cooperative occupation model.The corresponding objective function was derived from the one-on-one engagement advantage function and the encircling advantage function.The resulting model exhibited similarities to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.As such,an improved discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO)algorithm was used to identify a solution.The occupation process was then converted into a formation switching task as part of the cooperative occupation model.A series of simulations were conducted to verify occupational solutions in varying situations,including two-on-two engagement.Simulated results showed these solutions varied with initial conditions and weighting coefficients.This occupation process,based on formation switching,effectively demonstrates the viability of the proposed technique.These cooperative occupation results could provide a theoretical framework for subsequent research in cooperative BVR air combat.
文摘Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care and its association with depression,anxiety and quality of life among caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and schizophrenia.Methods This was an observational,cross-sectional,single-centred study of 50 consecutive caregivers of patients with AUD and schizophrenia.Participants were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and June 2017.The caregivers were further assessed by demographic details,Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale for assessment of depression and anxiety,Zarit Burden Interview for assessment of caregiver burden and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF for assessment of quality of life.Statistical data were analysed using GraphPad InStat V.3.06(California).Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of caregiver burden.Results Burden of care experienced by caregivers of patients with AUD is as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia(U=1142.5,p=0.46).Caregivers experiencing high burden of care are likely to have symptoms of anxiety(U=22,p<0.001),depression(U=32,p<0.001)and poor quality of life(U=84.5,p<0.001).Female caregivers are likely to experience higher burden of care(U=819.5,p=0.006).For caregivers of patients with schizophrenia,anxiety,environmental health,socioeconomic status and patients,occupation can predict burden of care,while for caregivers of patients with AUD,depression and environmental health can predict burden of care.Conclusion Our study suggests that caregivers of patients with AUD experience burden of care as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Caregivers with high burden of care are more likely to have depression,anxiety and poor quality of life.Trial registration number CTRI/2017/03/008224.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40971107 Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Wang Zhen from Beijing Normal University for her invaluable help.
文摘The paper applies Cobb-Douglas Production Function and Solow-Swan Model to constructing the calculation model of the contribution rate of cultivated land occupation by construction （CLOC） to China＇s economic growth,and analyzes the contribution change of CLOC to China＇s economic growth qualitatively and quantitatively.The main conclusions are as follows：1） From 1989 to 2007,the contribution rates of capital,labor,and CLOC to China＇s economic growth were 45.76%,8.47%,and 6.19% respectively.2） From the period 1989-1996 to the period 1997-2007 the contribution rate of CLOC to China＇s economic growth increased from 5.40% to 5.87%.The degree of contribution was enhanced significantly.3） The contribution of CLOC to China＇s economic growth had a spatial distribution characteristic that the contribution rate of eastern coastal regions was the highest,that of central regions came second,and that of western regions the lowest.The paper indicates that in order to enhance the contribution of CLOC to China＇s economic growth,some relevant economic and administrative measures might be taken,and land might be used intensively and economically to increase land economic density.The cost of promoting gross domestic product （GDP） growth might be reduced as much as possible to achieve higher GDP growth and lower land resource consumption.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10571092)the major program of Key Research Institute of HumanitiesSocial Sciences at Universities(04JJD790006).
文摘In this article, a threshold dividend strategy is used for classical risk model. Under this dividend strategy, certain probability of ruin, which occurs in case of constant barrier strategy, is avoided. Using the strong Markov property of the surplus process and the distribution of the deficit in classical risk model, the survival probability for this model is derived, which is more direct than that in Asmussen（2000, P195, Proposition 1.10）. The occupation time of non-dividend of this model is also discussed by means of Martingale method.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant No.50771095.
文摘By studying a cluster model containing Ni region （phase）, NiaAI region （phase） and Ni/Ni3Al region （interface） with a first-principles method, the occupation behavior and the ductility effect of zirconium in a Ni-Ni3Al system were investigated. It is found that zirconium has a stronger segregation tendency to Ni region than to Ni3Al region. The bond order analyses based on Rice-Wang model and the maximum theoretical shear stress model, however, show that zirconium has different degrees of ductility effect in these three regions, which originates from its different ability to increase the Griffith work of interracial cleavage 2γint and to decrease the maximum theoretical shear stress τmax. In addition, it is revealed in this paper that the distinct behavior of zirconium from boron to restrain hydrogen-induced embrittlement can be attributed to their different influences on the crystalline and electronic structures in Ni-Ni3Al alloys.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0207103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21607127)Koninklijke Philips N.V.(No.BB3-2016-01)
文摘Phthalate esters（PAEs） are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals＇ endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed to various levels of PAEs. In the present study, four typical occupational groups were chosen, including doctors, college teachers, college students, and drivers who worked in public traffic system. In order to understand the exposure levels to PAEs via inhalation, air samples were collected from multiple microenvironments including indoor and outdoor in Hangzhou to measure the gas and particle concentrations of six PAEs, together with time spent in different microenvironments of these four groups. A comprehensive PAEs exposure model was built to estimate the daily PAEs exposure through inhalation, oral and dermal pathways. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that doctors were exposed to the highest level of PAEs, and consequently had the highest health risk among these four occupational groups. In contrast, college students had the lowest health risk. By setting the exposure level of staying in residences as the baseline, doctors and drivers were two occupations exposed to high PAEs health risk. Di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） was the largest contributor among the six phthalates, posing moderate health risk（10-5–10-6） to every occupation. For traffic microenvironments alone, the total exposure levels for different transportation modes were in the descending order of busses, cars, cabs, tubes, motor bikes, and walking.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51001001and 90922008)
文摘The influence of lattice misfit on the occupation behavior and the ductility effect of Zr in Ni-Ni3Al alloys were explored. It is found in energy analysis that the preferable site of Zr between Ni sublattice and Al sublattice will change under different lattice misfit, however, the Zr prefers to segregate Ni phase rather than Ni3Al phase in all lattice misfit range, which makes it impossible for Zr to go into Ni3Al phase to occupy Al sublattice in Ni-Ni3Al system. Bond order （BO） analysis shows that the localized ductility effect of Zr differs in different region, and the comparison between Zr-free and Zr-doped BO analysis successfully explain the mechanism of the embrittlement of Ni-Ni3Al alloys and the ductility effect of Zr.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370295)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(No.201508020261)。
文摘Objective To investigate the prevalence and modifiable risk factors of degenerative valvular heart disease(DVHD)among elderly population in southern China.Methods A stratified multistage sampling method was used to recruit subjects.The contents of the survey included the questionnaire,laboratory examination,echocardiography,and other auxiliary examinations.The possible risk factors of DVHD were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 3538 subjects≥65 years of age were enrolled.One thousand three hundred and seven subjects(36.9%)were diagnosed with DVHD.Degenerative was the most common etiology of VHD.Prevalence of DVHD increased with advancing age.The prevalence of DVHD differed by living region(χ^(2)=45.594,P<0.001),educational level(χ^(2)=50.557,P<0.001),and occupation(χ^(2)=36.961,P<0.001).Risk factors associated with DVHD included age(two-fold increased risk for each 10-year increase in age),elevated level C-reactive protein(OR=1.346,95%CI:1.100-1.646),elevated level low density lipoprotein(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.064-1.451),coronary artery disease(OR=1.651,95%CI:1.085-2.513),smoking(OR=1.341,95%CI:1.132-1.589),and hypertension(OR=1.414,95%CI:1.221-1.638).Other significant risk factors included reduced or elevated level red blood cell(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.031-1.761;OR=1.599,95%CI:1.097-2.331;respectively),elevated level platelets(OR=1.891,95%CI:1.118-3.198),elevated level uric acid(OR=1.282,95%CI:1.112-1.479),and stroke(OR:1.738,95%CI=1.085-2.513).Conclusions The survey characterized the baseline conditions of DVHD cohort of elderly population in Guangzhou city.The established and emerging risk factors for DVHD may represent challenges and opportunities for therapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MB017,ZR2021QB055,ZR2020QB014,ZR2022JQ10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21901146,220781792,52007110)the Taishan Scholar Foundation (tsqn201812063)。
文摘P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(NNMO)is promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity and fast Na+diffusion rate.Nonetheless,the irreversible P2-O_(2)phase transformation,Na+/vacancy ordering,and transition metal(TM)dissolution seriously damage its cycling stability and restrict its commercialization process.Herein,Na occupation manipulation and interface stabilization are proposed to strengthen the phase structure of NNMO by synergistic Zn/Ti co-doping and introducing lithium difluorophosp(LiPO_(2)F_(2))film-forming electrolyte additive.The Zn/Ti co-doping regulates the occupancy ratio of Nae/Nafat Na sites and disorganizes the Na+/vacancy ordering,resulting in a faster Na+diffusion kinetics and reversible P2-Z phase transition for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.28)Zn_(0.05)Mn_(0.62)Ti_(0.05)O_(2)(NNZMTO).Meanwhile,the LiPO_(2)F_(2)additive can form homogeneous and ultrathin cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)on NNZMTO surface,which can stabilize the NNZMTO-electrolyte interface to prevent TM dissolution,surface structure transformation,and micro-crack generation.Combination studies of in situ and ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the storage mechanism of NNZMTO with Li PO_(2)F_(2)additive.As a result,the NNZMTO displays outstanding capacity retention of 94.44%after 500 cycles at 1C with 0.3 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),excellent rate performance of 92.5 mA h g^(-1)at 8C with 0.1 wt%Li PO_(2)F_(2),and remarkable full cell capability.This work highlights the important role of manipulating Na occupation and constructing protective film in the design of layered materials,which provides a promising direction for developing high-performance cathodes for SIBs.
