Current developments in magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)convection and nanofluid engineering technology have have greatly enhanced heat transfer performance in process systems,particularly through the use of carbon nanotube(C...Current developments in magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)convection and nanofluid engineering technology have have greatly enhanced heat transfer performance in process systems,particularly through the use of carbon nanotube(CNT)–based fluids that offer exceptional thermal conductivity.Despite extensive research on MHD natural convection in enclosures,the combined effects of complex obstacle geometries,magnetic fields,and CNT nanofluids in three-dimensional configurations remain insufficiently explored.This research investigates MHD natural convection of carbon nanotube(CNT)-water nanofluid within a three-dimensional cavity.The study considers an inclined cross-shaped hot obstacle,a configuration not extensively explored in previous works.The work aims to elucidate the combined effects of CNT nanofluid concentration,magnetic field strength,and obstacle inclination on fluid flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics.Numerical simulations are performed using the finite element method(FEM)based on the Galerkin Weighted Residual approach.The analysis systematically considers variations in Rayleigh number(Ra),Hartmann number(Ha),nanoparticle volume fraction(Φ),and obstacle inclination angle(θ).Results show that increasing Ra from 103 to 106 enhances convective heat transfer by up to 228%,while raising the CNT volume fraction to 4.5%improves heat transfer by about 64%.In contrast,strengthening the magnetic field from Ha=0 to Ha=100 suppresses fluid motion and reduces heat transfer by nearly 67%,whereas varying the obstacle inclination from 0○to 45○leads to a 4.6%decrease in efficiency.The addition of nanoparticles slightly increases viscosity,reducing flow intensity by 8.3%when Ha=0.Furthermore,a novel multiparametric correlation is proposed,accurately predicting the average Nusselt number as a function of Ra,Ha,ϕ,andθ,with an R2 of 0.98.These findings provide new insights into the role of geometry,magnetic effects,and nanofluids in heat transfer enhancement,offering practical guidance for the design and optimization of advanced thermal systems.展开更多
基金Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number RI-44-0451.
文摘Current developments in magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)convection and nanofluid engineering technology have have greatly enhanced heat transfer performance in process systems,particularly through the use of carbon nanotube(CNT)–based fluids that offer exceptional thermal conductivity.Despite extensive research on MHD natural convection in enclosures,the combined effects of complex obstacle geometries,magnetic fields,and CNT nanofluids in three-dimensional configurations remain insufficiently explored.This research investigates MHD natural convection of carbon nanotube(CNT)-water nanofluid within a three-dimensional cavity.The study considers an inclined cross-shaped hot obstacle,a configuration not extensively explored in previous works.The work aims to elucidate the combined effects of CNT nanofluid concentration,magnetic field strength,and obstacle inclination on fluid flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics.Numerical simulations are performed using the finite element method(FEM)based on the Galerkin Weighted Residual approach.The analysis systematically considers variations in Rayleigh number(Ra),Hartmann number(Ha),nanoparticle volume fraction(Φ),and obstacle inclination angle(θ).Results show that increasing Ra from 103 to 106 enhances convective heat transfer by up to 228%,while raising the CNT volume fraction to 4.5%improves heat transfer by about 64%.In contrast,strengthening the magnetic field from Ha=0 to Ha=100 suppresses fluid motion and reduces heat transfer by nearly 67%,whereas varying the obstacle inclination from 0○to 45○leads to a 4.6%decrease in efficiency.The addition of nanoparticles slightly increases viscosity,reducing flow intensity by 8.3%when Ha=0.Furthermore,a novel multiparametric correlation is proposed,accurately predicting the average Nusselt number as a function of Ra,Ha,ϕ,andθ,with an R2 of 0.98.These findings provide new insights into the role of geometry,magnetic effects,and nanofluids in heat transfer enhancement,offering practical guidance for the design and optimization of advanced thermal systems.
