Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is ground...Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is grounded on a prepredicative,i. e. pre-linguistic and pre-communicative,level. I will endorse a Husserlian viewpoint on the issue,and I will try to develop some aspects of the Husserlian account of three-dimensional thing-perception by means of which I will showhowprepredicative experience can actually offer us a fundamental element of our common understanding of objectivity. In doing this,it will be necessary to acknowledge thing-perception as being primarily intertwined with indeterminacy. I will claim that only on the basis of such an intuitive and prepredicative access to the things as partially indeterminate,first,and as determinable,second,is it possible to have an understanding of the world as something (at least partially) independent from the intuition (s) all subjects can have of it. By means of the addition of a consciousness of the thing as accessible to other subjects,one achieves a vision of the thing as fully determinate in itself. This"vision",however,takes one to be aware of the determination of the thing as lying beyond any intuitive grasp of it. The result will,thus,be that the prepredicative constitution of our basic sense of objectivity leads us to intend the world as something which should be accounted for (also) by means of sources different from intuition.展开更多
For a physically possible deformation field of a continuum, the deformation gradient function F can be decomposed into direct sum of a symmetric tensor S and on orthogonal tensor R, which is called S-R decomposition t...For a physically possible deformation field of a continuum, the deformation gradient function F can be decomposed into direct sum of a symmetric tensor S and on orthogonal tensor R, which is called S-R decomposition theorem. In this paper, the S-R decomposition unique existence theorem is proved, by employing matrix and tensor method. Also, a brief proof of its objectivity is given.展开更多
This paper presents an analysis on how objectivity is discursively constructed in journalistic narratives by drawing on the theories of viewpoint and mental space in Cognitive Linguistics. It is posited that at least ...This paper presents an analysis on how objectivity is discursively constructed in journalistic narratives by drawing on the theories of viewpoint and mental space in Cognitive Linguistics. It is posited that at least three mental spaces are projected by a narrative discourse, i.e., a narrated event space, a narrating space, and a basic space, and the distance between the first two spaces determines the degree of objectivity in the narrative discourse. A schema which represents the configuration of the different spaces is proposed and applied in the analysis of journalistic narratives to explore the strategies of objectivity construction. The analysis reveals that what the different journalistic narratives have in common in the construction of objectivity is to distance the narrated event space and the narrating space with the former being foregrounded in the viewpoint arrangement.展开更多
In this paper we propose to discuss the issue of subjectivity versus objectivity teaching practice of foreign language, especially English, in Brazil. Starting from the short story ＂The Parrot and Descartes＂ by Paul...In this paper we propose to discuss the issue of subjectivity versus objectivity teaching practice of foreign language, especially English, in Brazil. Starting from the short story ＂The Parrot and Descartes＂ by Pauline Melville, we argue that Cartesianism has influenced a view on education which tends to consider good and valuable what is ＂scientific＂, ＂objective＂ and ＂universal＂. The subjective and the local seem to be considered undesirable and unreliable. Brazilian scholars on the education field, such as Coracini and Souza are important support for our argument.展开更多
When scientific research began in early twentieth-century China,a key issue was the acquisition of reliable empirical information through objective and precise observations.This article examines a specific case where ...When scientific research began in early twentieth-century China,a key issue was the acquisition of reliable empirical information through objective and precise observations.This article examines a specific case where a scientist grappled with such an issue:the linguist Chao Yuen Ren’s application of mechanical means in his phonetic studies.In the 1920s–1930s,Chao conducted a series of field and lab studies on the dialects in southern and central China.In contrast to traditional scholars’exclusive reliance on sharp ears and rhyme books,Chao employed mechanical devices to inscribe and analyze the spectrographs of dialectical tones and used phonographs to record the articulations of his subjects.It is demonstrated that Chao’s machines not only provided a new method of observation;they also altered the theoretical understanding of certain fundamental categories in Chinese phonology,such as tones.Moreover,Chao did not aim to replace human perception with automatic mechanisms in empirical investigations.Rather,the use of machines in his research called for an active and engaged scientific persona.展开更多
The world is facing a once-in-a-lifetime situation:the COVID-19 pandemic.During the pandemic,the World Health Organization announced an infodemic as well.This infodemic caused infollution and sparked many controversie...The world is facing a once-in-a-lifetime situation:the COVID-19 pandemic.During the pandemic,the World Health Organization announced an infodemic as well.This infodemic caused infollution and sparked many controversies.Pandemics as extraordinary occurrences are always attractive to historians.However,infodemics and biased information threaten objective history-writing.Objectivity as it regards historians is already a much-discussed subject.In this commentary,the fundamental theories about objectivity are delineated.Second,the relationship between the infodemic and COVID-19 pandemic is explained.Lastly,the problems regarding objectivity in the historiography of the COVID-19 pandemic are explored.展开更多
China English, as one of the English varieties, is an objective reality. It is different from Chinglish which is an interlanguage for Chinese English learners. This paper expresses the definition of China English, its...China English, as one of the English varieties, is an objective reality. It is different from Chinglish which is an interlanguage for Chinese English learners. This paper expresses the definition of China English, its objectivity and manifestations in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and text.展开更多
The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the great...The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.展开更多
Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the fea...Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the assessment.Methods: An expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert(n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter-and intra-rater(n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest(n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test administration.Results: Median total score was 21 of 28 points(range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments(95% confidence interval(CI) of difference:-0.7 to 0.6;p = 0.91) or with/without footwear(95%CI of difference:-2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age(p < 0.001, η2= 0.15) and male gender(p < 0.001, η2= 0.02)were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent(intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score(ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children(34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate(ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time(ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short(2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long(8–14days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate(ICC = 0.46) over a short interval, and substantial(ICC = 0.74) over a long interval.Conclusion: The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment is a feasible measure of selected fundamental, complex and combined movement skills, which are an important building block for childhood physical literacy. Moderate-to-excellent objectivity was demonstrated for children 8–12 years of age. Test–retest reliability has been established over an interval of at least 1 week. The time and skill scores can be accurately estimated by 1 trained examiner.展开更多
Geiger considers dilettantism as an aesthetic attitude(inner concentration)that undermines the subject's ability to truly perceive the essential value of the artwork and thus calls for outer concentration to actua...Geiger considers dilettantism as an aesthetic attitude(inner concentration)that undermines the subject's ability to truly perceive the essential value of the artwork and thus calls for outer concentration to actualize the justice of the work itself.Geiger's position suggests that we must pay equitable attention to artworks and that this attitude requires a theory of aesthetic perception—phenomenological realism.However,the complexity of the aesthetic experience presents Geiger with several challenges,not least of which is the realisation of an attitude that bridges emotion and value in aesthetic experience.This paper will attempt to defend and develop the legitimacy of Geiger's position.First,I will clarify Geiger's critique of dilettantism and suggest how this critique distinguishes him from other aesthetic claims;second,I argue that Geiger argues for an aesthetic attitude that distinguishes everyday emotions and thus ensures the value of the work of art as its own;finally,I will complete Geiger's position by drawing on later phenomenology that answers the question of how we realise the perception of artworks.展开更多
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examine...Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.展开更多
Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and...Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and source contributions to historical EOPEs is still lacking.In this paper,the K-means clustering method is applied to identify six dominant SWPs during the warm season in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 2016 to 2022.It provides an integrated analysis of the meteorological factors affecting ozone pollution in Hefei under different SWPs.Using the WRF-FLEXPART model,the transport pathways(TPPs)and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses in Hefei during EOPEs are investigated.The results reveal that Hefei experienced the highest ozone concentration(134.77±42.82μg/m^(3)),exceedance frequency(46 days(23.23%)),and proportion of EOPEs(21 instances,47.7%)under the control of peripheral subsidence of typhoon(Type 5).Regional southeast winds correlated with the ozone pollution in Hefei.During EOPEs,a high boundary layer height,solar radiation,and temperature;lowhumidity and cloud cover;and pronounced subsidence airflow occurred over Hefei and the broader YRD region.The East-South(E_S)patterns exhibited the highest frequency(28 instances,65.11%).Regarding the TPPs and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses during historical EOPEs.The YRD was the main source for land-originating air masses under E_S patterns(50.28%),with Hefei,southern Anhui,southern Jiangsu,and northern Zhejiang being key contributors.These findings can help improve ozone pollution early warning and control mechanisms at urban and regional scales.展开更多
The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can caus...The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can cause changes in cutting force/heat,resulting in affecting gear machining precision.Therefore,this paper studies the effect of different process parameters on gear machining precision.A multi-objective optimization model is established for the relationship between process parameters and tooth surface deviations,tooth profile deviations,and tooth lead deviations through the cutting speed,feed rate,and cutting depth of the worm wheel gear grinding machine.The response surface method(RSM)is used for experimental design,and the corresponding experimental results and optimal process parameters are obtained.Subsequently,gray relational analysis-principal component analysis(GRA-PCA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization(GA-PSO)methods are used to analyze the experimental results and obtain different optimal process parameters.The results show that optimal process parameters obtained by the GRA-PCA,PSO,and GA-PSO methods improve the gear machining precision.Moreover,the gear machining precision obtained by GA-PSO is superior to other methods.展开更多
To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related issues.The increasing resolution of drone-cap...To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related issues.The increasing resolution of drone-captured images has posed a challenge for traditional target detection methods,especially in identifying small objects in high-resolution images.This study presents an enhanced object detection algorithm based on the Faster Regionbased Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)framework,specifically tailored for detecting small-scale electrical components like insulators,shock hammers,and screws in transmission line.The algorithm features an improved backbone network for Faster R-CNN,which significantly boosts the feature extraction network’s ability to detect fine details.The Region Proposal Network is optimized using a method of guided feature refinement(GFR),which achieves a balance between accuracy and speed.The incorporation of Generalized Intersection over Union(GIOU)and Region of Interest(ROI)Align further refines themodel’s accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate a notable improvement in mean Average Precision,reaching 89.3%,an 11.1%increase compared to the standard Faster R-CNN.This highlights the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in identifying electrical components in high-resolution aerial images.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic,multi-player,nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls.Our objective is to formulate...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic,multi-player,nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls.Our objective is to formulate this impulse game problem with the modified objective function including interaction costs among the players in a discontinuous fashion,and subsequently,to derive a verification theorem for identifying the feedback Nash equilibrium strategy.展开更多
Pulmonary nodules represent an early manifestation of lung cancer.However,pulmonary nodules only constitute a small portion of the overall image,posing challenges for physicians in image interpretation and potentially...Pulmonary nodules represent an early manifestation of lung cancer.However,pulmonary nodules only constitute a small portion of the overall image,posing challenges for physicians in image interpretation and potentially leading to false positives or missed detections.To solve these problems,the YOLOv8 network is enhanced by adding deformable convolution and atrous spatial pyramid pooling(ASPP),along with the integration of a coordinate attention(CA)mechanism.This allows the network to focus on small targets while expanding the receptive field without losing resolution.At the same time,context information on the target is gathered and feature expression is enhanced by attention modules in different directions.It effectively improves the positioning accuracy and achieves good results on the LUNA16 dataset.Compared with other detection algorithms,it improves the accuracy of pulmonary nodule detection to a certain extent.展开更多
Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in ed...Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.展开更多
Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors c...Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.展开更多
文摘Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is grounded on a prepredicative,i. e. pre-linguistic and pre-communicative,level. I will endorse a Husserlian viewpoint on the issue,and I will try to develop some aspects of the Husserlian account of three-dimensional thing-perception by means of which I will showhowprepredicative experience can actually offer us a fundamental element of our common understanding of objectivity. In doing this,it will be necessary to acknowledge thing-perception as being primarily intertwined with indeterminacy. I will claim that only on the basis of such an intuitive and prepredicative access to the things as partially indeterminate,first,and as determinable,second,is it possible to have an understanding of the world as something (at least partially) independent from the intuition (s) all subjects can have of it. By means of the addition of a consciousness of the thing as accessible to other subjects,one achieves a vision of the thing as fully determinate in itself. This"vision",however,takes one to be aware of the determination of the thing as lying beyond any intuitive grasp of it. The result will,thus,be that the prepredicative constitution of our basic sense of objectivity leads us to intend the world as something which should be accounted for (also) by means of sources different from intuition.
文摘For a physically possible deformation field of a continuum, the deformation gradient function F can be decomposed into direct sum of a symmetric tensor S and on orthogonal tensor R, which is called S-R decomposition theorem. In this paper, the S-R decomposition unique existence theorem is proved, by employing matrix and tensor method. Also, a brief proof of its objectivity is given.
文摘This paper presents an analysis on how objectivity is discursively constructed in journalistic narratives by drawing on the theories of viewpoint and mental space in Cognitive Linguistics. It is posited that at least three mental spaces are projected by a narrative discourse, i.e., a narrated event space, a narrating space, and a basic space, and the distance between the first two spaces determines the degree of objectivity in the narrative discourse. A schema which represents the configuration of the different spaces is proposed and applied in the analysis of journalistic narratives to explore the strategies of objectivity construction. The analysis reveals that what the different journalistic narratives have in common in the construction of objectivity is to distance the narrated event space and the narrating space with the former being foregrounded in the viewpoint arrangement.
文摘In this paper we propose to discuss the issue of subjectivity versus objectivity teaching practice of foreign language, especially English, in Brazil. Starting from the short story ＂The Parrot and Descartes＂ by Pauline Melville, we argue that Cartesianism has influenced a view on education which tends to consider good and valuable what is ＂scientific＂, ＂objective＂ and ＂universal＂. The subjective and the local seem to be considered undesirable and unreliable. Brazilian scholars on the education field, such as Coracini and Souza are important support for our argument.
文摘When scientific research began in early twentieth-century China,a key issue was the acquisition of reliable empirical information through objective and precise observations.This article examines a specific case where a scientist grappled with such an issue:the linguist Chao Yuen Ren’s application of mechanical means in his phonetic studies.In the 1920s–1930s,Chao conducted a series of field and lab studies on the dialects in southern and central China.In contrast to traditional scholars’exclusive reliance on sharp ears and rhyme books,Chao employed mechanical devices to inscribe and analyze the spectrographs of dialectical tones and used phonographs to record the articulations of his subjects.It is demonstrated that Chao’s machines not only provided a new method of observation;they also altered the theoretical understanding of certain fundamental categories in Chinese phonology,such as tones.Moreover,Chao did not aim to replace human perception with automatic mechanisms in empirical investigations.Rather,the use of machines in his research called for an active and engaged scientific persona.
文摘The world is facing a once-in-a-lifetime situation:the COVID-19 pandemic.During the pandemic,the World Health Organization announced an infodemic as well.This infodemic caused infollution and sparked many controversies.Pandemics as extraordinary occurrences are always attractive to historians.However,infodemics and biased information threaten objective history-writing.Objectivity as it regards historians is already a much-discussed subject.In this commentary,the fundamental theories about objectivity are delineated.Second,the relationship between the infodemic and COVID-19 pandemic is explained.Lastly,the problems regarding objectivity in the historiography of the COVID-19 pandemic are explored.
文摘China English, as one of the English varieties, is an objective reality. It is different from Chinglish which is an interlanguage for Chinese English learners. This paper expresses the definition of China English, its objectivity and manifestations in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and text.
文摘The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.
基金funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research awarded to Dr. Meghann Lloyd and Dr. Mark Tremblay (IHD 94356)
文摘Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the assessment.Methods: An expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert(n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter-and intra-rater(n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest(n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test administration.Results: Median total score was 21 of 28 points(range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments(95% confidence interval(CI) of difference:-0.7 to 0.6;p = 0.91) or with/without footwear(95%CI of difference:-2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age(p < 0.001, η2= 0.15) and male gender(p < 0.001, η2= 0.02)were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent(intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score(ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children(34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate(ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time(ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short(2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long(8–14days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate(ICC = 0.46) over a short interval, and substantial(ICC = 0.74) over a long interval.Conclusion: The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment is a feasible measure of selected fundamental, complex and combined movement skills, which are an important building block for childhood physical literacy. Moderate-to-excellent objectivity was demonstrated for children 8–12 years of age. Test–retest reliability has been established over an interval of at least 1 week. The time and skill scores can be accurately estimated by 1 trained examiner.
文摘Geiger considers dilettantism as an aesthetic attitude(inner concentration)that undermines the subject's ability to truly perceive the essential value of the artwork and thus calls for outer concentration to actualize the justice of the work itself.Geiger's position suggests that we must pay equitable attention to artworks and that this attitude requires a theory of aesthetic perception—phenomenological realism.However,the complexity of the aesthetic experience presents Geiger with several challenges,not least of which is the realisation of an attitude that bridges emotion and value in aesthetic experience.This paper will attempt to defend and develop the legitimacy of Geiger's position.First,I will clarify Geiger's critique of dilettantism and suggest how this critique distinguishes him from other aesthetic claims;second,I argue that Geiger argues for an aesthetic attitude that distinguishes everyday emotions and thus ensures the value of the work of art as its own;finally,I will complete Geiger's position by drawing on later phenomenology that answers the question of how we realise the perception of artworks.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research project (No.2020B0301030004)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B1111360003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42105103)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2022A1515011554).
文摘Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2044,42105132,42030609,and 41975037)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3700303).
文摘Extreme ozone pollution events(EOPEs)are associated with synoptic weather patterns(SWPs)and pose severe health and ecological risks.However,a systematic investigation of themeteorological causes,transport pathways,and source contributions to historical EOPEs is still lacking.In this paper,the K-means clustering method is applied to identify six dominant SWPs during the warm season in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 2016 to 2022.It provides an integrated analysis of the meteorological factors affecting ozone pollution in Hefei under different SWPs.Using the WRF-FLEXPART model,the transport pathways(TPPs)and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses in Hefei during EOPEs are investigated.The results reveal that Hefei experienced the highest ozone concentration(134.77±42.82μg/m^(3)),exceedance frequency(46 days(23.23%)),and proportion of EOPEs(21 instances,47.7%)under the control of peripheral subsidence of typhoon(Type 5).Regional southeast winds correlated with the ozone pollution in Hefei.During EOPEs,a high boundary layer height,solar radiation,and temperature;lowhumidity and cloud cover;and pronounced subsidence airflow occurred over Hefei and the broader YRD region.The East-South(E_S)patterns exhibited the highest frequency(28 instances,65.11%).Regarding the TPPs and geographical sources of the near-surface air masses during historical EOPEs.The YRD was the main source for land-originating air masses under E_S patterns(50.28%),with Hefei,southern Anhui,southern Jiangsu,and northern Zhejiang being key contributors.These findings can help improve ozone pollution early warning and control mechanisms at urban and regional scales.
基金Projects(U22B2084,52275483,52075142)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023ZY01050)supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology High Quality Development,China。
文摘The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can cause changes in cutting force/heat,resulting in affecting gear machining precision.Therefore,this paper studies the effect of different process parameters on gear machining precision.A multi-objective optimization model is established for the relationship between process parameters and tooth surface deviations,tooth profile deviations,and tooth lead deviations through the cutting speed,feed rate,and cutting depth of the worm wheel gear grinding machine.The response surface method(RSM)is used for experimental design,and the corresponding experimental results and optimal process parameters are obtained.Subsequently,gray relational analysis-principal component analysis(GRA-PCA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization(GA-PSO)methods are used to analyze the experimental results and obtain different optimal process parameters.The results show that optimal process parameters obtained by the GRA-PCA,PSO,and GA-PSO methods improve the gear machining precision.Moreover,the gear machining precision obtained by GA-PSO is superior to other methods.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan High-Tech Field Project(Grant No.22511100601)for the year 2022 and Technology Development Fund for People’s Livelihood Research(Research on Transmission Line Deep Foundation Pit Environmental Situation Awareness System Based on Multi-Source Data).
文摘To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related issues.The increasing resolution of drone-captured images has posed a challenge for traditional target detection methods,especially in identifying small objects in high-resolution images.This study presents an enhanced object detection algorithm based on the Faster Regionbased Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)framework,specifically tailored for detecting small-scale electrical components like insulators,shock hammers,and screws in transmission line.The algorithm features an improved backbone network for Faster R-CNN,which significantly boosts the feature extraction network’s ability to detect fine details.The Region Proposal Network is optimized using a method of guided feature refinement(GFR),which achieves a balance between accuracy and speed.The incorporation of Generalized Intersection over Union(GIOU)and Region of Interest(ROI)Align further refines themodel’s accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate a notable improvement in mean Average Precision,reaching 89.3%,an 11.1%increase compared to the standard Faster R-CNN.This highlights the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in identifying electrical components in high-resolution aerial images.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173051)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024CDJCGJ012,2023CDJXY-010)+1 种基金the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(CSTB2022TIADCUX0015,CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0162)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763865)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic,multi-player,nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls.Our objective is to formulate this impulse game problem with the modified objective function including interaction costs among the players in a discontinuous fashion,and subsequently,to derive a verification theorem for identifying the feedback Nash equilibrium strategy.
文摘Pulmonary nodules represent an early manifestation of lung cancer.However,pulmonary nodules only constitute a small portion of the overall image,posing challenges for physicians in image interpretation and potentially leading to false positives or missed detections.To solve these problems,the YOLOv8 network is enhanced by adding deformable convolution and atrous spatial pyramid pooling(ASPP),along with the integration of a coordinate attention(CA)mechanism.This allows the network to focus on small targets while expanding the receptive field without losing resolution.At the same time,context information on the target is gathered and feature expression is enhanced by attention modules in different directions.It effectively improves the positioning accuracy and achieves good results on the LUNA16 dataset.Compared with other detection algorithms,it improves the accuracy of pulmonary nodule detection to a certain extent.
文摘Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0025 and 2024YFFK0133)supported by the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.”。
文摘Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.
