Genome rearrangement is an important process that leads to genetic diversity,including mutation-related insertions,deletions,or inversions in the genome[1,2].
Remodeling plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors(NLRs)to engineer synthetic disease-resistance genes has emerged as a promising approach to achieving broad-spectrum disease resist...Remodeling plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors(NLRs)to engineer synthetic disease-resistance genes has emerged as a promising approach to achieving broad-spectrum disease resistance.But strategies for expanding NLR recognition spectra[[1],[2],[3],[4],[5]]are often limited by the rapid evolution of pathogens and pests.In our recent study,we developed an innovative strategy to engineer broad-spectrum,durable and complete disease resistance in plants by remodeling autoactive NLRs into protease-activated switches[6].展开更多
Mungbean （Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek） is a unique species in its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, with early maturity, and relatively good drought resistance. We used 454 sequencing technology for transcriptom...Mungbean （Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek） is a unique species in its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, with early maturity, and relatively good drought resistance. We used 454 sequencing technology for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 150 159 and 142 993 reads produced 5 254 and 6 374 large contigs （〉_500 bp） with an average length of 833 and 853 for Sunhwa and Jangan, respectively. Functional annotation to known sequences yielded 41.34% and 41.74% unigenes for Jangan and Sunhwa. A higher number of simple sequence repeat （SSR） motifs was identified in Jangan （1 630） compared with that of Sunhwa （1 334）. A similar SSR distribution pattern was observed in both varieties. A total of 8 249 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and indels with 2 098 high-confidence candidates were identified in the two mungbean varieties. The average distance between individual SNPs was -860 bp. Our report demonstrates the utility of transcriptomic data for implementing a functional annotation and development of genetic markers. We also provide large resource sequence data for mungbean improvement programs.展开更多
Plants deploy sophisticated immune surveillance systems to safeguard themselves against pathogen infection,including plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate Pattern-Triggered Immun...Plants deploy sophisticated immune surveillance systems to safeguard themselves against pathogen infection,including plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI)upon detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs), and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that induce Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) upon direct/indirect pathogen effector recognition. Effector-Triggered Immunity is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response (HR), which is known as rapid localized cell death at infection sites to restrict pathogen growth (Contreras et al., 2023;Jones et al., 2024). Nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat receptors are classified by their N-terminal domains:TIR-NLRs (TNLs), CC-NLRs (CNLs), and RPW8-NLRs (RNLs). TNLs and CNLs typically function as sensor NLRs (sNLRs) that detect pathogen effectors, while RNLs serve as helper NLRs (hNLRs) that transmit immune signals from diverse sNLRs to ultimately execute downstream resistance and trigger cell death—though some RNLs can themselves be direct targets of pathogen effectors (Contreras et al., 2023;Gong et al., 2023). The hNLRs mainly include Activated Disease Resistance 1 (ADR1), which is conserved in both dicots and monocots, and N REQUIRED GENE 1 (NRG1),which has not been identified in monocots, as well as Solanaceae-specific NLR required for cell death (NRC)-type NLRs, which are required for HR-related cell death (Contreras et al., 2023;Gong et al., 2023).展开更多
Dear Editor,Wheat powdery mildew,caused by the biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that threatens global wheat production.Resistance genes play a critical role in protectin...Dear Editor,Wheat powdery mildew,caused by the biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that threatens global wheat production.Resistance genes play a critical role in protecting wheat against Bgt infection.Among these,Pm21,a broad-spectrum resistance gene derived from Haynaldia villosa,encodes a classic coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(CCNB-LRR)protein(Xing et al.,2018).However,the regulatory mechanisms governing Pm21-mediated resistance remain poorly understood.展开更多
Plants provide essential nutrients for human beings.Unfortunately,plants can be infected by a wide variety of pathogens,resulting in more than 30%of crop yield loss(Gai and Wang,2024).To keep pathogens under control,p...Plants provide essential nutrients for human beings.Unfortunately,plants can be infected by a wide variety of pathogens,resulting in more than 30%of crop yield loss(Gai and Wang,2024).To keep pathogens under control,plants have evolved intracel ular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)that detect pathogen effectors,activating effectortriggered immunity(ETI)(Wu et al.,2014).One of the major characteristics of ETI is a rapid localized cel death centered at the infection site,termed the hypersensitive response(HR).展开更多
Sensory mechanisms play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogen infection.To safeguard themselves,plants developed both cell surface-situated pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to identify pathogen-associated ...Sensory mechanisms play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogen infection.To safeguard themselves,plants developed both cell surface-situated pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)and intracellular nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)to detect pathogen effectors when they face imminent threats from a wide range of pathogens(Boller and Felix,22009:Jones et al.,2024;Wu et al.,2014).展开更多
Plants have evolved sophisticated innate immune systems,including cell surface and intracellular receptors that recognize and defend against various harmful pathogens.The plasma membrane(PM)-localized pattern-recognit...Plants have evolved sophisticated innate immune systems,including cell surface and intracellular receptors that recognize and defend against various harmful pathogens.The plasma membrane(PM)-localized pattern-recognition receptors primarily recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns,initiating pattern-triggered immunity(PTI).On the other hand,plant intracellular nucleotide-binding(NB)leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptors(NLRs)play essential roles in perceiving pathogen effectors,leading to effector-triggered immunity(ETI),which is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response known as a type of plant-specific programmed cell death for restricting pathogen growth.Among the NLR family,receptors possess distinct N-terminal domains:those with a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR)domain are referred to as TNLs,while those with a coiled-coil(CC)domain are termed CNLs;additionally,ancient receptors with an RPW8-like CC(CCR)domain are called RNLs(Jubic et al.,2019).TNLs and CNLs act as sensor NLRs(sNLRs)that recognize effectors directly or indirectly,whereas RNLs function as helper NLRs(hNLRs),transmitting immune signals from sNLRs to ultimately execute downstream resistance and trigger cell death(Jubic et al.,2019).展开更多
Engineering durable,broad-spectrum,and complete disease resistance in crops is a holy grail of plant pathology.However,the engineering strategies to achieve this goal are extremely rare at present.In their recently pu...Engineering durable,broad-spectrum,and complete disease resistance in crops is a holy grail of plant pathology.However,the engineering strategies to achieve this goal are extremely rare at present.In their recently published work,Wang et al.(2025)report an ingenious strategy to remodel autoactive nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(aNLRs),creating a protease-activated "molecular switch" that unleashes potent,broad-spectrum,and potentially durable immunity against multiple devastating plant pathogens.展开更多
Pathogen-driven crop losses pose a significant threat to global food security.Plants deploy two primary branches of innate immunity:pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered i...Pathogen-driven crop losses pose a significant threat to global food security.Plants deploy two primary branches of innate immunity:pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI)(Yu et al.,2024).While PTI relies on surface-localized pattern recognition receptors,ETI is mediated by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)that directly or indirectly recognize pathogen effectors,often triggering hypersensitive cell death and systemic resistance(Yu et al.,2024).展开更多
To the Editor:Coronary artery disease(CAD),the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease(CVD),poses a significant threat to global health,leading to high mortality rates and substantial economic costs.The incidenc...To the Editor:Coronary artery disease(CAD),the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease(CVD),poses a significant threat to global health,leading to high mortality rates and substantial economic costs.The incidence of CAD in China is 10.2‰and is increasing steadily.[1,2]CAD is a chronic inflammatory disease based on atherosclerosis.One of the most frequently activated inflammatory pathways involved in atherosclerosis is the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome.[3]Given the crucial impact of NLRP3 on CAD,we aimed to evaluate the correlation between the NLRP3 gene variant and CAD by a case-control association study in a Chinese Han population[Supplementary Figure 1,http://links.lww.com/CM9/C596].展开更多
Verticillium wilt of potato is caused by the fungus pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Present sRNA sequencing data revealed that miR482 was in response to V. dahliae infection, but the function in potato is elusive. Here...Verticillium wilt of potato is caused by the fungus pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Present sRNA sequencing data revealed that miR482 was in response to V. dahliae infection, but the function in potato is elusive. Here, we characterized potato miR482 family and its putative role resistance to Verticillium wilt. Members of the potato miR482 superfamily are variable in sequence, but all variants target a class of disease-resistance proteins with nucleotide binding site （NBS） and leucine-rich repeat （LRR） motifs. When potato plantlets were infected with V. dahliae, the expression level of miR482e was downregulated, and that of several NBS-LRR targets of miR482e were upregulated. Transgenic potato plantlets overexpressing miR482e showed hypersensitivity to V. dahliae infection. Using sRNA and degradome datasets, we validated that miR482e targets mRNAs of NBS-LRR disease-resistance proteins and triggers the production of trans-acting （ta）- siRNAs, most of which target mRNAs of defense-relatedproteins. Thus, the hypersensitivity of transgenic potato could be explained by enhanced miR482e and miR482e-derived ta- siRNA-mediated silencing on NBS-LRR-disease-resistance pro- teins. It is speculated that a miR482-mediated silencing cascade mechanism is involved in regulating potato resistance against V. dahliae infection and could be a counter defense action of plant in response to pathogen infection.展开更多
基金supported by grants(92168103,32171417,2019CXJQ01)from the National Nature Science Foundation of China,Shanghai Municipal GovernmentPeak Disciplines(Type IV)of Institutions of Higher Learning in Shanghai.
文摘Genome rearrangement is an important process that leads to genetic diversity,including mutation-related insertions,deletions,or inversions in the genome[1,2].
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077).
文摘Remodeling plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors(NLRs)to engineer synthetic disease-resistance genes has emerged as a promising approach to achieving broad-spectrum disease resistance.But strategies for expanding NLR recognition spectra[[1],[2],[3],[4],[5]]are often limited by the rapid evolution of pathogens and pests.In our recent study,we developed an innovative strategy to engineer broad-spectrum,durable and complete disease resistance in plants by remodeling autoactive NLRs into protease-activated switches[6].
基金support of the "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. 200908FHT020609001)" Rural Development Administration (RDA),Republic of Korea
文摘Mungbean （Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek） is a unique species in its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, with early maturity, and relatively good drought resistance. We used 454 sequencing technology for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 150 159 and 142 993 reads produced 5 254 and 6 374 large contigs （〉_500 bp） with an average length of 833 and 853 for Sunhwa and Jangan, respectively. Functional annotation to known sequences yielded 41.34% and 41.74% unigenes for Jangan and Sunhwa. A higher number of simple sequence repeat （SSR） motifs was identified in Jangan （1 630） compared with that of Sunhwa （1 334）. A similar SSR distribution pattern was observed in both varieties. A total of 8 249 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and indels with 2 098 high-confidence candidates were identified in the two mungbean varieties. The average distance between individual SNPs was -860 bp. Our report demonstrates the utility of transcriptomic data for implementing a functional annotation and development of genetic markers. We also provide large resource sequence data for mungbean improvement programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472527 and 32260653)the Guizhou Provincial General Project of the Science Foundation(ZK[2024]Key 011)+1 种基金the Guizhou Plant Bacteria and Biological Control Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Development(Qian Ke He Talent-BQW[2025]003)the Research and Innovation Team of Guizhou University([2024]05)。
文摘Plants deploy sophisticated immune surveillance systems to safeguard themselves against pathogen infection,including plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI)upon detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs), and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that induce Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) upon direct/indirect pathogen effector recognition. Effector-Triggered Immunity is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response (HR), which is known as rapid localized cell death at infection sites to restrict pathogen growth (Contreras et al., 2023;Jones et al., 2024). Nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat receptors are classified by their N-terminal domains:TIR-NLRs (TNLs), CC-NLRs (CNLs), and RPW8-NLRs (RNLs). TNLs and CNLs typically function as sensor NLRs (sNLRs) that detect pathogen effectors, while RNLs serve as helper NLRs (hNLRs) that transmit immune signals from diverse sNLRs to ultimately execute downstream resistance and trigger cell death—though some RNLs can themselves be direct targets of pathogen effectors (Contreras et al., 2023;Gong et al., 2023). The hNLRs mainly include Activated Disease Resistance 1 (ADR1), which is conserved in both dicots and monocots, and N REQUIRED GENE 1 (NRG1),which has not been identified in monocots, as well as Solanaceae-specific NLR required for cell death (NRC)-type NLRs, which are required for HR-related cell death (Contreras et al., 2023;Gong et al., 2023).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771779,31971933,32272084)+2 种基金the Important National Science&Technology Specific Projects of Transgenic Research(2018ZX0800905B)the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]013)supported by the high-performance computing platform of Bioinformatics Center,Nanjing Agricultural University。
文摘Dear Editor,Wheat powdery mildew,caused by the biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that threatens global wheat production.Resistance genes play a critical role in protecting wheat against Bgt infection.Among these,Pm21,a broad-spectrum resistance gene derived from Haynaldia villosa,encodes a classic coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(CCNB-LRR)protein(Xing et al.,2018).However,the regulatory mechanisms governing Pm21-mediated resistance remain poorly understood.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(IOS-2207677)to Z.Q.F.Project of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding(NKLTCB-HZ04)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1630052025021)to Y.Q。
文摘Plants provide essential nutrients for human beings.Unfortunately,plants can be infected by a wide variety of pathogens,resulting in more than 30%of crop yield loss(Gai and Wang,2024).To keep pathogens under control,plants have evolved intracel ular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)that detect pathogen effectors,activating effectortriggered immunity(ETI)(Wu et al.,2014).One of the major characteristics of ETI is a rapid localized cel death centered at the infection site,termed the hypersensitive response(HR).
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(IOS-2207677 to Z.Q.F.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260653 to C.L.)+1 种基金Guizhou Provincial General Project of the Science Foundation(ZK[2024]Key 011 to C.L.)the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Guizhou University([2024]05 to C.L.).
文摘Sensory mechanisms play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogen infection.To safeguard themselves,plants developed both cell surface-situated pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)and intracellular nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)to detect pathogen effectors when they face imminent threats from a wide range of pathogens(Boller and Felix,22009:Jones et al.,2024;Wu et al.,2014).
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472527 to F.L.,32470342 to H.C.,and 32260653 to C.L.)the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Guizhou University,China([2024j05 to C.L.).
文摘Plants have evolved sophisticated innate immune systems,including cell surface and intracellular receptors that recognize and defend against various harmful pathogens.The plasma membrane(PM)-localized pattern-recognition receptors primarily recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns,initiating pattern-triggered immunity(PTI).On the other hand,plant intracellular nucleotide-binding(NB)leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptors(NLRs)play essential roles in perceiving pathogen effectors,leading to effector-triggered immunity(ETI),which is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response known as a type of plant-specific programmed cell death for restricting pathogen growth.Among the NLR family,receptors possess distinct N-terminal domains:those with a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor(TIR)domain are referred to as TNLs,while those with a coiled-coil(CC)domain are termed CNLs;additionally,ancient receptors with an RPW8-like CC(CCR)domain are called RNLs(Jubic et al.,2019).TNLs and CNLs act as sensor NLRs(sNLRs)that recognize effectors directly or indirectly,whereas RNLs function as helper NLRs(hNLRs),transmitting immune signals from sNLRs to ultimately execute downstream resistance and trigger cell death(Jubic et al.,2019).
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32025031 and 32170167)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1000500).
文摘Engineering durable,broad-spectrum,and complete disease resistance in crops is a holy grail of plant pathology.However,the engineering strategies to achieve this goal are extremely rare at present.In their recently published work,Wang et al.(2025)report an ingenious strategy to remodel autoactive nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(aNLRs),creating a protease-activated "molecular switch" that unleashes potent,broad-spectrum,and potentially durable immunity against multiple devastating plant pathogens.
基金supported by the Beijing Life Science Academy(Key Laboratory)Project(2024400CB0120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400400 and 2022YFD1400800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130086,32430085,and 32300123).
文摘Pathogen-driven crop losses pose a significant threat to global food security.Plants deploy two primary branches of innate immunity:pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI)(Yu et al.,2024).While PTI relies on surface-localized pattern recognition receptors,ETI is mediated by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs)that directly or indirectly recognize pathogen effectors,often triggering hypersensitive cell death and systemic resistance(Yu et al.,2024).
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC2503501)Chinese Society of Cardiology’s Foundation(No.CSCF2023A04)+2 种基金Hubei Technology Innovation Project(No.2024BCB046)Key Research and Development Program of Wuhan(No.2024020702030092)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82200319).
文摘To the Editor:Coronary artery disease(CAD),the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease(CVD),poses a significant threat to global health,leading to high mortality rates and substantial economic costs.The incidence of CAD in China is 10.2‰and is increasing steadily.[1,2]CAD is a chronic inflammatory disease based on atherosclerosis.One of the most frequently activated inflammatory pathways involved in atherosclerosis is the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome.[3]Given the crucial impact of NLRP3 on CAD,we aimed to evaluate the correlation between the NLRP3 gene variant and CAD by a case-control association study in a Chinese Han population[Supplementary Figure 1,http://links.lww.com/CM9/C596].
基金supported financially by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11171155)the National Pear Industry Technology System (CARS-29)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions: Modern horticultural science (PAPD)
文摘Verticillium wilt of potato is caused by the fungus pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Present sRNA sequencing data revealed that miR482 was in response to V. dahliae infection, but the function in potato is elusive. Here, we characterized potato miR482 family and its putative role resistance to Verticillium wilt. Members of the potato miR482 superfamily are variable in sequence, but all variants target a class of disease-resistance proteins with nucleotide binding site （NBS） and leucine-rich repeat （LRR） motifs. When potato plantlets were infected with V. dahliae, the expression level of miR482e was downregulated, and that of several NBS-LRR targets of miR482e were upregulated. Transgenic potato plantlets overexpressing miR482e showed hypersensitivity to V. dahliae infection. Using sRNA and degradome datasets, we validated that miR482e targets mRNAs of NBS-LRR disease-resistance proteins and triggers the production of trans-acting （ta）- siRNAs, most of which target mRNAs of defense-relatedproteins. Thus, the hypersensitivity of transgenic potato could be explained by enhanced miR482e and miR482e-derived ta- siRNA-mediated silencing on NBS-LRR-disease-resistance pro- teins. It is speculated that a miR482-mediated silencing cascade mechanism is involved in regulating potato resistance against V. dahliae infection and could be a counter defense action of plant in response to pathogen infection.
