Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV...Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV-1 infected peoples is still undetermined. In this paper, we compared the protective function of the neutralizing antibody response in the plasma from LTNP and TP against clade B and clade C pseudoviruses. No difference in the neutralizing activities between the plasma from LTNP and TP was found, which was consistent with the most recent reports. In addition, no correlations between the titer or breadth and CD4+ or viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals were found. The protective roles played by neutralizing antibodies in controlling disease progression of HIV-1 infected people need to be considered in a new viewpoint.展开更多
Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis(UC) of more than eight years duration have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Molecular biomarkers for dysplasia and cancer could have a great clinical value in managing...Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis(UC) of more than eight years duration have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Molecular biomarkers for dysplasia and cancer could have a great clinical value in managing cancer risk in these UC patients. Using a wide range of molecular techniques- including cutting-edge OMICS technologies- recent studies have identified clinically relevant biomarker candidates from a variety of biosamples, including colonic biopsies, blood, stool, and urine. While the challenge remains to validate these candidate biomarkers in multi-center studies and with larger patient cohorts, it is certain that accurate biomarkers of colitis-associated neoplasia would improve clinical management of neoplastic risk in UC patients. This review highlights the ongoing avenues of research in biomarker development for colitis-associated colorectal cancer.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals exhibit remarkable transcriptomic variation.Transcriptome analyses of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-free chronically infected HIV-1 patients with different clinical...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals exhibit remarkable transcriptomic variation.Transcriptome analyses of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-free chronically infected HIV-1 patients with different clinical outcomes are likely to aid the development of vaccine and immune therapies.Here,we performed microarray analyses on whole-blood derived RNA from 89 ART-free HIV-1-infected individuals from 2 cohorts.The differentially expressed genes were analyzed between long-term non-progressors,viremic non-progressors and typical progressors,and between elite controllers and non-elite controllers among the long-term nonprogressors.Several genes related to T-cell growth,proliferation and differentiation and antiapoptosis were upregulated,whereas interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory genes were significantly downregulated in long-term non-progressors and viremic non-progressors.The observations above were further confirmed in the set of 261 genes that correlated with disease progression during a 5-year follow-up,which included 51 genes significantly associated with slower disease progression,and 210 genes associated with aggressive disease progression.Overall,our data suggest that it is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system when mounting antiviral immune responses.Immune therapeutics able to reconstruct immune homeostasis are likely to be required for immune reconstitution in the context of ART,such as the administration of interleukin-7,healthy allogenic CD4^(+)T cells(providing CD4^(+)T-cell growth factors),or Tregs.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key S&T Special Projects on Major Infectious Diseases (Grant No. 2008ZX10001-002, 2008ZX10001-012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30700706)
文摘Neutralizing antibodies are considered to be an important protective parameter used in HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. However, the exact role that neutralizing antibodies plays in controlling the disease progression of HIV-1 infected peoples is still undetermined. In this paper, we compared the protective function of the neutralizing antibody response in the plasma from LTNP and TP against clade B and clade C pseudoviruses. No difference in the neutralizing activities between the plasma from LTNP and TP was found, which was consistent with the most recent reports. In addition, no correlations between the titer or breadth and CD4+ or viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals were found. The protective roles played by neutralizing antibodies in controlling disease progression of HIV-1 infected people need to be considered in a new viewpoint.
文摘Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis(UC) of more than eight years duration have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Molecular biomarkers for dysplasia and cancer could have a great clinical value in managing cancer risk in these UC patients. Using a wide range of molecular techniques- including cutting-edge OMICS technologies- recent studies have identified clinically relevant biomarker candidates from a variety of biosamples, including colonic biopsies, blood, stool, and urine. While the challenge remains to validate these candidate biomarkers in multi-center studies and with larger patient cohorts, it is certain that accurate biomarkers of colitis-associated neoplasia would improve clinical management of neoplastic risk in UC patients. This review highlights the ongoing avenues of research in biomarker development for colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
基金This work was supported by the National Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control(No.2017ZX10202102)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81561128008).
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals exhibit remarkable transcriptomic variation.Transcriptome analyses of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-free chronically infected HIV-1 patients with different clinical outcomes are likely to aid the development of vaccine and immune therapies.Here,we performed microarray analyses on whole-blood derived RNA from 89 ART-free HIV-1-infected individuals from 2 cohorts.The differentially expressed genes were analyzed between long-term non-progressors,viremic non-progressors and typical progressors,and between elite controllers and non-elite controllers among the long-term nonprogressors.Several genes related to T-cell growth,proliferation and differentiation and antiapoptosis were upregulated,whereas interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory genes were significantly downregulated in long-term non-progressors and viremic non-progressors.The observations above were further confirmed in the set of 261 genes that correlated with disease progression during a 5-year follow-up,which included 51 genes significantly associated with slower disease progression,and 210 genes associated with aggressive disease progression.Overall,our data suggest that it is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system when mounting antiviral immune responses.Immune therapeutics able to reconstruct immune homeostasis are likely to be required for immune reconstitution in the context of ART,such as the administration of interleukin-7,healthy allogenic CD4^(+)T cells(providing CD4^(+)T-cell growth factors),or Tregs.
