Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiolog...A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus,one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide.In this review,we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition.Then,we outline the definition,classification,and biological role of non-coding RNAs.Subsequently,we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail.Specifically,we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus,including glymphatic pathways,neuroinflammatory processes,and neurological dysplasia,on the basis of the existing evidence.Lastly,we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic ...Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the predominant form of primary liver cancer,accounting for 90%of all cases.Currently,early diagnosis of HCC can be achieved through serum alpha-fetoprotein detection,B-ultrasound,and c...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the predominant form of primary liver cancer,accounting for 90%of all cases.Currently,early diagnosis of HCC can be achieved through serum alpha-fetoprotein detection,B-ultrasound,and computed tomography scanning;however,their specificity and sensitivity are suboptimal.Despite significant advancements in HCC biomarker detection,the prognosis for patients with HCC remains unfavorable due to tumor heterogeneity and limited understanding of its pathogenesis.Therefore,it is crucial to explore more sensitive HCC biomarkers for improved diagnosis,monitoring,and management of the disease.Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)serves as an auxiliary carrier of genetic information and also plays diverse intricate regulatory roles that greatly contribute to genome complexity.Moreover,investigating gene expression regulation networks from the perspective of lncRNA may provide insights into the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.We searched the PubMed database for literature,comprehensively classified regulated cell death mechanisms and systematically reviewed research progress on lncRNA-mediated cell death pathways in HCC cells.Furthermore,we prospectively summarize its potential implications in diagnosing and treating HCC.展开更多
Lung cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death globally.The majority of lung cancer patients initially benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy.However,as the treatment cycle progresses and the disease evolv...Lung cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death globally.The majority of lung cancer patients initially benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy.However,as the treatment cycle progresses and the disease evolves,the emergence of acquired resistance leads to treatment failure.Many researches have shown that non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)not only influence lung cancer progression but also act as potential mediators of immunotherapy and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer,mediating drug resistance by regulating multiple targets and pathways.In addition,the regulation of immune response by ncRNAs is dualistic,forming a microenvironment for inhibits/promotes immune escape through changes in the expression of immune checkpoints.The aim of this review is to understand the effects of ncRNAs on the occurrence and development of lung cancer,focusing on the role of ncRNAs in regulating drug resistance of lung cancer.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play critical yet c...Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play critical yet complex roles in GC,functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters depending on the disease stage and context.Autophagy influences cellular homeostasis and metabolism,whereas lncRNAs regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications,RNA sponging,and protein interactions.Notably,the interplay between lncRNAs and autophagy modulates tumor progression,metastasis,chemoresistance,and the tumor microenvironment.This study explored the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy in GC,highlighting their roles in pathogenesis and treatment resistance.By addressing current knowledge gaps and proposing innovative therapeutic strategies,we have emphasized the potential of targeting this dynamic interplay for improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
The intricate interactions between immune cells and tumors exert a profound influence on cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy.Within the tumor microenvironment,exosomes have emerged as pivotal mediators of inte...The intricate interactions between immune cells and tumors exert a profound influence on cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy.Within the tumor microenvironment,exosomes have emerged as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication,with their cargo of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)serving as key regulatory elements.This review examines the multifaceted roles of immune cell-derived exosomal ncRNAs in tumor biology.The involvement of various immune cells,including T cells,B cells,natural killer cells,macrophages,neutrophils,and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,in utilizing exosomal ncRNAs to regulate tumor initiation and progression is explored.Additionally,the biogenesis and delivery mechanisms of these immune cell-derived exosomal ncRNAs are discussed,alongside their potential clinical applications in cancer.展开更多
Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)are essential enzymes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling.Such processes are integral to normal tissue homeostasis and several pathological conditions such as can...Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)are essential enzymes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling.Such processes are integral to normal tissue homeostasis and several pathological conditions such as cancer.Among these MMPs,MMP-13 plays a key role in cancer progression,driving tumor invasion,metastasis,and angiogenesis.Despite significant advancements in understanding its biology,therapeutic targeting of MMP-13 remains challenging owing to its complex and multifaceted regulatory mechanisms.Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including long ncRNAs,microRNAs,and circular RNAs,in modulating MMP-13 expression.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MMP-13 regulation by several signaling pathways,the influence of ncRNAs on these signaling pathways,and MMP-13 expression during cancer progression and metastasis.Furthermore,we explored the clinical relevance of ncRNA-mediated regulatory networks,highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various cancers.By unraveling these regulatory mechanisms,this review offers valuable insights into innovative strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment and emphasizes the translational significance of ncRNA-mediated MMP-13 regulation in oncology.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are known for their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages,including osteoblasts(bone-forming cells),and for their significant paracrine effects.Among their secreted products,e...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are known for their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages,including osteoblasts(bone-forming cells),and for their significant paracrine effects.Among their secreted products,exosomes have gained considerable attention as nanoscale carriers of bioactive molecules such as non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs).These ncRNAs,including microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular ncRNAs,are critical regulators of gene expression and cellular functions.Moreover,MSC-derived exosomes not only offer advantages such as targeted delivery,reduced immunogenicity,and protection of cargo material,but also carry ncRNAs that have therapeutic and diagnostic potential in bone-related disorders.Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs in osteogenesis,bone remodeling,and intercellular signaling in the bone microenvironment.This review consolidates recent research on the role of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs in maintaining bone homeostasis and bone-related disorders via various signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications.Furthermore,we explore the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.This comprehensive review offers key insights into the regulatory roles of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs in bone biology and their clinical significance in bone-related diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a severe and permanent trauma that often leads to significant motor,sensory,and autonomic dysfunction.Neuronal apoptosis is a major pathomechanism underlying secondary injury in SC...BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a severe and permanent trauma that often leads to significant motor,sensory,and autonomic dysfunction.Neuronal apoptosis is a major pathomechanism underlying secondary injury in SCI.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and cellular processes,including apoptosis.However,the role of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5(GAS5)in SCI-induced neuronal apoptosis remains unclear.AIM To investigate the role of lncRNA GAS5 in SCI-induced neuronal apoptosis via its interaction with microRNA(miR)-21 and the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)/AKT pathway.METHODS SCI rat models and hypoxic neuronal cell models were established.Motor function was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score.Expression levels of GAS5,miR-21,PTEN,caspase 3,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and AKT were measured using quantitative PCR or Western blot analysis.Neuronal apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining.Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated GAS5-miR-21 binding.Knockdown and overexpression experiments explored the functional effects of the GAS5/miR-21 axis.RESULTS GAS5 was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord following SCI,coinciding with increased neuronal apoptosis and decreased AKT activation.In vitro experiments demonstrated that GAS5 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-21,leading to increased PTEN expression and inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway,thereby promoting apoptosis.In vivo,GAS5 knockdown attenuated neuronal apoptosis,enhanced AKT activation,and improved motor function recovery in SCI rats.CONCLUSION GAS5 promotes neuronal apoptosis in SCI by binding to miR-21 and upregulating PTEN expression,inhibiting the AKT pathway.Targeting GAS5 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for SCI.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal malignancy with limited treatment options,particularly for patients with advanced stages of the disease.Sorafenib,the standard first-line therapy,faces significant chall...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal malignancy with limited treatment options,particularly for patients with advanced stages of the disease.Sorafenib,the standard first-line therapy,faces significant challenges due to the development of drug resistance.Yu et al explored the mechanisms by which lncRNA KIF9-AS1 regulates the stemness and sorafenib resistance in HCC using a combination of cell culture,transfection,RNA immunoprecipitation,co-immunoprecipitation,and xenograft tumor models.They demonstrate that N6-methyladenosine-modified long non-coding RNA KIF9-AS1 acts as an oncogene in HCC.This modification involves methyltransferase-like 3 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1,which play critical roles in regulating KIF9-AS1.Furthermore,KIF9-AS1 stabilizes and upregulates short stature homeobox 2 by promoting its deubiquitination through ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1,thereby enhancing stemness and contributing to sorafenib resistance in HCC cells.These findings provide a theoretical basis for KIF9-AS1 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC,highlighting the need for further investigation into its clinical application potential.展开更多
Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)play key roles in development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence,invasion,and metastasis.Moreover,aberrant expressi...Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)play key roles in development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence,invasion,and metastasis.Moreover,aberrant expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)is significantly related to gastric cancer tumor stage,size,differentiation and metastasis.MiRNAs interrupt cellular signaling pathways,inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes,and affect the cell cycle in gastric cancer cells.Some miRNAs,including miR-21,miR-106a and miR-421,could be potential markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),a new research hotspot among cancerassociated ncRNAs,play important roles in epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.Several gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs,such as CCAT1,GACAT1,H19,and SUMO1P3,have been explored.In addition,Piwi-interacting RNAs,another type of small ncRNA that is recognized by gastroenterologists,are involved in gastric carcinogenesis,and piR-651/823represents an efficient diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer that can be detected in the blood and gastric juice.Small interfering RNAs also function in posttranscriptional regulation in gastric cancer and might be useful in gastric cancer treatment.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide;however,its therapeutic options are limited.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC could provide insight into new ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide;however,its therapeutic options are limited.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC could provide insight into new therapies.Emerging studies indicate the important role of long-noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the pathogenesis of HCC.The expression of the well-studied lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1(TUG1)is upregulated in HCC tissues,but its transcriptomic effects in HCC cells remain unexplored.We established TUG1-knockdown and control HCC cells for RNA-seq experiments.KEGG analysis revealed glycolysis as the top enriched pathway upon TUG1 silencing.Accordingly,TUG1-depleted HCC cells showed impairments in glucose uptake,ATP synthesis,and lactate production.Clinical HCC tissue data revealed positive gene expression correlations between TUG1 and several glycolysis-related genes.To identify a molecular function of TUG1 in glycolysis,we explored the competing endogenous model and used bioinformatic tools to find the five microRNAs(miRNAs)that had the most binding sites for TUG1.Among these miRNAs,miR-122-5p exhibited an inverse correlation in gene expression with most TUG1-regulated glycolysis genes,including PKM,ALDOA,ENO2,and PFKM.Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated the direct interaction between TUG1 and miR-122-5p and between miR-122-5p and the 3ʹuntranslated regions of both PKM and ALDOA.We further showed that inhibition of miR-122-5p alleviated the suppression of glycolysis induced by TUG1 depletion.Together,our RNA-seq analysis of TUG1-depleted HCC cells,combined with clinical data,reveals a critical role of TUG1 in regulating glycolysis and provides new insight into its oncogenic function in HCC.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer bi...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept,and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies.This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications.LncRNAs,a class of non-coding RNAs,are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways.However,unlike mRNA,lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA,RNA,proteins,or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells.Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and downregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers.Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or overexpression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models.The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity.This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival,proliferation,invasion,migration,metastasis,angiogenesis,metabolism,epigenetic modification,tumor immune microenvironment,and drug resistance.Subsequently,we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems,providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field.In essence,this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.展开更多
Non-exosomal non-coding RNAs(non-exo-ncRNAs)and exosomal ncRNAs(exo-ncRNAs)have been associated with the pathological development of myocardial infarction(MI).Accordingly,this analytical review provides an overview of...Non-exosomal non-coding RNAs(non-exo-ncRNAs)and exosomal ncRNAs(exo-ncRNAs)have been associated with the pathological development of myocardial infarction(MI).Accordingly,this analytical review provides an overview of current MI studies on the role of plasma non-exo/exo-ncRNAs.We summarize the features and crucial roles of ncRNAs and reveal their novel biological correlations via bioinformatics analysis.The following contributions are made:(1)we comprehensively describe the expression profile,competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)network,and“pre-necrotic”biomarkers of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs for MI;(2)functional enrichment analysis indicates that the target genes of ncRNAs are enriched in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and cellular response to chemical stress,etc.;(3)we propose an updated and comprehensive view on the mechanisms,pathophysiology,and biomarker roles of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs in MI,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the clinical management of MI.展开更多
The treatment of complex wounds presents a significant clinical challenge due to the limited availability of standardized therapeutic options.Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes(ADSC-Exos)are promising for their capabi...The treatment of complex wounds presents a significant clinical challenge due to the limited availability of standardized therapeutic options.Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes(ADSC-Exos)are promising for their capabilities to enhance angiogenesis,mitigate oxidative stress,modulate inflammatory pathways,support skin cell regeneration,and promote epithelialization.These exosomes deliver noncoding RNAs,including microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs,which facilitate collagen remodeling,reduce scar formation,and expedite wound healing.This study reviews the mechanisms,therapeutic roles,and challenges of non-coding RNA-loaded ADSC-Exos in wound healing and identifies critical directions for future research.It aims to provide insights for researchers into the potential mechanisms and clinical applications of ADSC-Exos non-coding RNAs in wound healing.展开更多
This review aims to sum up how Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)regulate the development of periodontitis and provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis.We explored the ncRNA's dual role ...This review aims to sum up how Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)regulate the development of periodontitis and provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis.We explored the ncRNA's dual role in the development of periodontitis by summarizing evidence from previous in vivo and in vitro studies as well as clinical samples.In our review,the downregulation of 18 miRNAs,22 lncRNAs and 10 circRNAs demonstrates protective roles in periodontitis.In contrast,the expression of other 11 miRNAs,7 lncRNAs and 6 circRNAs are upregulated in periodontitis,which promote the progression of periodontitis.These dysregulated ncRNAs exert their protective or destructive roles by mainly influencing cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis via cross-talking with various molecules or signaling pathways.Our findings suggested which and how ncRNAs promote or delay the progression of periodontitis,which may greatly contribute to diagnose and therapy development of periodontitis based on ncRNAs in the future.展开更多
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI)is the major complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation,that may increase the postoperative morbidity,mortality,tumor progression,and metastasis.The underlying mec...Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI)is the major complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation,that may increase the postoperative morbidity,mortality,tumor progression,and metastasis.The underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated in recent years.Among these,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,immunoreactions,and cell death are the most studied.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are defined as the RNAs that do not encode proteins,but can regulate gene expressions.In recent years,ncRNAs have emerged as research hotspots for various diseases.During the progression of HIRI,ncRNAs are differentially expressed,while these dysregulations of ncRNAs,in turn,have been verified to be related to the above pathological processes involved in HIRI.ncRNAs mainly contain microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs,some of which have been reported as biomarkers for early diagnosis or assessment of liver damage severity,and as therapeutic targets to attenuate HIRI.Here,we briefly summarize the common pathophysiology of HIRI,describe the current knowledge of ncRNAs involved in HIRI in animal and human studies,and discuss the potential of ncRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies.Given the scarcity of clinical trials,there is still a long way to go from pre-clinical to clinical application,and further studies are needed to uncover their potential as therapeutic targets.展开更多
Abstract With the development of genome-wide sequencing technology, 195 types of functional long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） have so far been found, and their cellular roles are gradually being revealed. Now lncRNAs h...Abstract With the development of genome-wide sequencing technology, 195 types of functional long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） have so far been found, and their cellular roles are gradually being revealed. Now lncRNAs have become a hotspot in the life science. These small molecules exist in almost all higher eukaryotes, and have very important regulatory roles in these organisms. This review briefly summarizes recent progress in researches on antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the model solid malignancies of targeted therapy after the discovery of imatinib effectiveness against their tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Non-coding RNAs are molecule...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the model solid malignancies of targeted therapy after the discovery of imatinib effectiveness against their tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Non-coding RNAs are molecules with no protein coding capacity that play crucial role to several biological steps of normal cell proliferation and differentiation.When the expression of these molecules found to be altered it seems that they affect the process of carcinogenesis in multiple ways,such as proliferation,apoptosis,differentiation,metastasis,and drug resistance.This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research papers and summarize the current evidence about the role of non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of GISTs,including their potential clinical applications.展开更多
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171347,82371362the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ30971the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission of China,No.202204040024(all to GX).
文摘A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus,one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide.In this review,we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition.Then,we outline the definition,classification,and biological role of non-coding RNAs.Subsequently,we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail.Specifically,we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus,including glymphatic pathways,neuroinflammatory processes,and neurological dysplasia,on the basis of the existing evidence.Lastly,we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301486(to SL)and 82071325(to FY)Medjaden Academy&Research Foundation for Young Scientists,No.MJR202310040(to SL)+2 种基金Nanjing Medical University Science and Technique Development,No.NMUB20220060(to SL)Medical Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health,No.ZDA2020019(to JZ)Health China Buchang Zhiyuan Public Welfare Project for Heart and Brain Health,No.HIGHER202102(to QD).
文摘Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
基金Supported by Science Project of Hunan Provincial Healthy Commission,No.20230844.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the predominant form of primary liver cancer,accounting for 90%of all cases.Currently,early diagnosis of HCC can be achieved through serum alpha-fetoprotein detection,B-ultrasound,and computed tomography scanning;however,their specificity and sensitivity are suboptimal.Despite significant advancements in HCC biomarker detection,the prognosis for patients with HCC remains unfavorable due to tumor heterogeneity and limited understanding of its pathogenesis.Therefore,it is crucial to explore more sensitive HCC biomarkers for improved diagnosis,monitoring,and management of the disease.Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)serves as an auxiliary carrier of genetic information and also plays diverse intricate regulatory roles that greatly contribute to genome complexity.Moreover,investigating gene expression regulation networks from the perspective of lncRNA may provide insights into the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.We searched the PubMed database for literature,comprehensively classified regulated cell death mechanisms and systematically reviewed research progress on lncRNA-mediated cell death pathways in HCC cells.Furthermore,we prospectively summarize its potential implications in diagnosing and treating HCC.
文摘Lung cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death globally.The majority of lung cancer patients initially benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy.However,as the treatment cycle progresses and the disease evolves,the emergence of acquired resistance leads to treatment failure.Many researches have shown that non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)not only influence lung cancer progression but also act as potential mediators of immunotherapy and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer,mediating drug resistance by regulating multiple targets and pathways.In addition,the regulation of immune response by ncRNAs is dualistic,forming a microenvironment for inhibits/promotes immune escape through changes in the expression of immune checkpoints.The aim of this review is to understand the effects of ncRNAs on the occurrence and development of lung cancer,focusing on the role of ncRNAs in regulating drug resistance of lung cancer.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play critical yet complex roles in GC,functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters depending on the disease stage and context.Autophagy influences cellular homeostasis and metabolism,whereas lncRNAs regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications,RNA sponging,and protein interactions.Notably,the interplay between lncRNAs and autophagy modulates tumor progression,metastasis,chemoresistance,and the tumor microenvironment.This study explored the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy in GC,highlighting their roles in pathogenesis and treatment resistance.By addressing current knowledge gaps and proposing innovative therapeutic strategies,we have emphasized the potential of targeting this dynamic interplay for improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82203056)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2023-BS-167)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Plan of Dalian(NO.2022RQ091)the“1+X”program for Clinical Competency enhancement-Clinical Research Incubation Project of the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University(No.2022LCYJYB01)。
文摘The intricate interactions between immune cells and tumors exert a profound influence on cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy.Within the tumor microenvironment,exosomes have emerged as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication,with their cargo of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)serving as key regulatory elements.This review examines the multifaceted roles of immune cell-derived exosomal ncRNAs in tumor biology.The involvement of various immune cells,including T cells,B cells,natural killer cells,macrophages,neutrophils,and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,in utilizing exosomal ncRNAs to regulate tumor initiation and progression is explored.Additionally,the biogenesis and delivery mechanisms of these immune cell-derived exosomal ncRNAs are discussed,alongside their potential clinical applications in cancer.
基金Supported by the Anusandhan National Research Foundation,No.CRG/2023/000212.
文摘Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)are essential enzymes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling.Such processes are integral to normal tissue homeostasis and several pathological conditions such as cancer.Among these MMPs,MMP-13 plays a key role in cancer progression,driving tumor invasion,metastasis,and angiogenesis.Despite significant advancements in understanding its biology,therapeutic targeting of MMP-13 remains challenging owing to its complex and multifaceted regulatory mechanisms.Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including long ncRNAs,microRNAs,and circular RNAs,in modulating MMP-13 expression.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MMP-13 regulation by several signaling pathways,the influence of ncRNAs on these signaling pathways,and MMP-13 expression during cancer progression and metastasis.Furthermore,we explored the clinical relevance of ncRNA-mediated regulatory networks,highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various cancers.By unraveling these regulatory mechanisms,this review offers valuable insights into innovative strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment and emphasizes the translational significance of ncRNA-mediated MMP-13 regulation in oncology.
基金Supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation,No.CRG/2023/000212.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are known for their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages,including osteoblasts(bone-forming cells),and for their significant paracrine effects.Among their secreted products,exosomes have gained considerable attention as nanoscale carriers of bioactive molecules such as non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs).These ncRNAs,including microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular ncRNAs,are critical regulators of gene expression and cellular functions.Moreover,MSC-derived exosomes not only offer advantages such as targeted delivery,reduced immunogenicity,and protection of cargo material,but also carry ncRNAs that have therapeutic and diagnostic potential in bone-related disorders.Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs in osteogenesis,bone remodeling,and intercellular signaling in the bone microenvironment.This review consolidates recent research on the role of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs in maintaining bone homeostasis and bone-related disorders via various signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications.Furthermore,we explore the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.This comprehensive review offers key insights into the regulatory roles of MSC-derived exosomal ncRNAs in bone biology and their clinical significance in bone-related diseases.
基金Supported by the Major Research Plan from the Health Commission of Hongkou District,No.2001-03Academic Subject Boosting Plan in the Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai,No.SY-XKZT-2020-1003.
文摘BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a severe and permanent trauma that often leads to significant motor,sensory,and autonomic dysfunction.Neuronal apoptosis is a major pathomechanism underlying secondary injury in SCI.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and cellular processes,including apoptosis.However,the role of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5(GAS5)in SCI-induced neuronal apoptosis remains unclear.AIM To investigate the role of lncRNA GAS5 in SCI-induced neuronal apoptosis via its interaction with microRNA(miR)-21 and the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)/AKT pathway.METHODS SCI rat models and hypoxic neuronal cell models were established.Motor function was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score.Expression levels of GAS5,miR-21,PTEN,caspase 3,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and AKT were measured using quantitative PCR or Western blot analysis.Neuronal apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining.Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated GAS5-miR-21 binding.Knockdown and overexpression experiments explored the functional effects of the GAS5/miR-21 axis.RESULTS GAS5 was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord following SCI,coinciding with increased neuronal apoptosis and decreased AKT activation.In vitro experiments demonstrated that GAS5 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-21,leading to increased PTEN expression and inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway,thereby promoting apoptosis.In vivo,GAS5 knockdown attenuated neuronal apoptosis,enhanced AKT activation,and improved motor function recovery in SCI rats.CONCLUSION GAS5 promotes neuronal apoptosis in SCI by binding to miR-21 and upregulating PTEN expression,inhibiting the AKT pathway.Targeting GAS5 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for SCI.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82405223Yunling Scholars Program,No.XDYC-YLXZ-2022-0027.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal malignancy with limited treatment options,particularly for patients with advanced stages of the disease.Sorafenib,the standard first-line therapy,faces significant challenges due to the development of drug resistance.Yu et al explored the mechanisms by which lncRNA KIF9-AS1 regulates the stemness and sorafenib resistance in HCC using a combination of cell culture,transfection,RNA immunoprecipitation,co-immunoprecipitation,and xenograft tumor models.They demonstrate that N6-methyladenosine-modified long non-coding RNA KIF9-AS1 acts as an oncogene in HCC.This modification involves methyltransferase-like 3 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1,which play critical roles in regulating KIF9-AS1.Furthermore,KIF9-AS1 stabilizes and upregulates short stature homeobox 2 by promoting its deubiquitination through ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1,thereby enhancing stemness and contributing to sorafenib resistance in HCC cells.These findings provide a theoretical basis for KIF9-AS1 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC,highlighting the need for further investigation into its clinical application potential.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81171660Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.Y14C060003+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2012A610207The Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo,No.2011B82014The Project of Key Disciplines in Ningbo,No.XKL11D2127 and No.XKL11D2128Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology,No.201301K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)play key roles in development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence,invasion,and metastasis.Moreover,aberrant expression of microRNAs(miRNAs)is significantly related to gastric cancer tumor stage,size,differentiation and metastasis.MiRNAs interrupt cellular signaling pathways,inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes,and affect the cell cycle in gastric cancer cells.Some miRNAs,including miR-21,miR-106a and miR-421,could be potential markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),a new research hotspot among cancerassociated ncRNAs,play important roles in epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.Several gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs,such as CCAT1,GACAT1,H19,and SUMO1P3,have been explored.In addition,Piwi-interacting RNAs,another type of small ncRNA that is recognized by gastroenterologists,are involved in gastric carcinogenesis,and piR-651/823represents an efficient diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer that can be detected in the blood and gastric juice.Small interfering RNAs also function in posttranscriptional regulation in gastric cancer and might be useful in gastric cancer treatment.
基金supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University(Grant No.HEAF67300078)the 90th Anniversary Scholarship,Chulalongkorn University Ratchadapisek Sompoch Fund(Grant No.Batch#55,T.Boonto)the Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer,Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University.T.Boonto was supported by the scholarship from the Graduate School,Chulalongkorn University,to commemorate the 72^(nd) anniversary of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej(Grant No.Batch#22).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide;however,its therapeutic options are limited.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC could provide insight into new therapies.Emerging studies indicate the important role of long-noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the pathogenesis of HCC.The expression of the well-studied lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1(TUG1)is upregulated in HCC tissues,but its transcriptomic effects in HCC cells remain unexplored.We established TUG1-knockdown and control HCC cells for RNA-seq experiments.KEGG analysis revealed glycolysis as the top enriched pathway upon TUG1 silencing.Accordingly,TUG1-depleted HCC cells showed impairments in glucose uptake,ATP synthesis,and lactate production.Clinical HCC tissue data revealed positive gene expression correlations between TUG1 and several glycolysis-related genes.To identify a molecular function of TUG1 in glycolysis,we explored the competing endogenous model and used bioinformatic tools to find the five microRNAs(miRNAs)that had the most binding sites for TUG1.Among these miRNAs,miR-122-5p exhibited an inverse correlation in gene expression with most TUG1-regulated glycolysis genes,including PKM,ALDOA,ENO2,and PFKM.Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated the direct interaction between TUG1 and miR-122-5p and between miR-122-5p and the 3ʹuntranslated regions of both PKM and ALDOA.We further showed that inhibition of miR-122-5p alleviated the suppression of glycolysis induced by TUG1 depletion.Together,our RNA-seq analysis of TUG1-depleted HCC cells,combined with clinical data,reveals a critical role of TUG1 in regulating glycolysis and provides new insight into its oncogenic function in HCC.
基金the Ramalingaswami Re-Entry Fellowship,Department of Biotechnology,Govt.of India to S.Sur(BT/RLF/Re-Entry/47/2021).
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept,and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies.This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications.LncRNAs,a class of non-coding RNAs,are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways.However,unlike mRNA,lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA,RNA,proteins,or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells.Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and downregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers.Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or overexpression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models.The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity.This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival,proliferation,invasion,migration,metastasis,angiogenesis,metabolism,epigenetic modification,tumor immune microenvironment,and drug resistance.Subsequently,we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems,providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field.In essence,this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81860073,81760074,and 82160439)Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.202001AT070039)+10 种基金the Yunnan Health Training Project of High-Level Talents(No.H-2018032)the 100 Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Backbones of Kunming Medical University(No.60118260106)the Young Talents of Yunnan Thousand Talents Plan(Nos.YNQR-QNRC-2019-006 and RLQN20200002)the Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University(No.2022S035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81860073,81760074,and 82160439)Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.202001AT070039)Yunnan Health Training Project of High-Level Talents(No.H-2018032)100 Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Backbones of Kunming Medical University(No.60118260106)Young Talents of Yunnan Thousand Talents Plan(Nos.YNQR-QNRC-2019-006 and RLQN20200002)Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University(No.2022S035)Clinical Medical Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of Yunnan Province(No.ZX2019-03-01),China.
文摘Non-exosomal non-coding RNAs(non-exo-ncRNAs)and exosomal ncRNAs(exo-ncRNAs)have been associated with the pathological development of myocardial infarction(MI).Accordingly,this analytical review provides an overview of current MI studies on the role of plasma non-exo/exo-ncRNAs.We summarize the features and crucial roles of ncRNAs and reveal their novel biological correlations via bioinformatics analysis.The following contributions are made:(1)we comprehensively describe the expression profile,competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)network,and“pre-necrotic”biomarkers of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs for MI;(2)functional enrichment analysis indicates that the target genes of ncRNAs are enriched in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and cellular response to chemical stress,etc.;(3)we propose an updated and comprehensive view on the mechanisms,pathophysiology,and biomarker roles of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs in MI,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the clinical management of MI.
基金Supported by the Intra-Hospital Project of No.940 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army,No.2021yxky016.
文摘The treatment of complex wounds presents a significant clinical challenge due to the limited availability of standardized therapeutic options.Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes(ADSC-Exos)are promising for their capabilities to enhance angiogenesis,mitigate oxidative stress,modulate inflammatory pathways,support skin cell regeneration,and promote epithelialization.These exosomes deliver noncoding RNAs,including microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs,which facilitate collagen remodeling,reduce scar formation,and expedite wound healing.This study reviews the mechanisms,therapeutic roles,and challenges of non-coding RNA-loaded ADSC-Exos in wound healing and identifies critical directions for future research.It aims to provide insights for researchers into the potential mechanisms and clinical applications of ADSC-Exos non-coding RNAs in wound healing.
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.[2020]1Y292)Science and technology fund project of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission(NO:gzwkj2023-201)+1 种基金Doctor Startup Foundation of Zunyi Medical University(Grant No.[2017]5733-044)Zunyi Oral Disease Immune Prevention and Medical Biomaterials Research and Development Innovation Talent Team,Zunyi Science Talent[2022]No.1.
文摘This review aims to sum up how Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)regulate the development of periodontitis and provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis.We explored the ncRNA's dual role in the development of periodontitis by summarizing evidence from previous in vivo and in vitro studies as well as clinical samples.In our review,the downregulation of 18 miRNAs,22 lncRNAs and 10 circRNAs demonstrates protective roles in periodontitis.In contrast,the expression of other 11 miRNAs,7 lncRNAs and 6 circRNAs are upregulated in periodontitis,which promote the progression of periodontitis.These dysregulated ncRNAs exert their protective or destructive roles by mainly influencing cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis via cross-talking with various molecules or signaling pathways.Our findings suggested which and how ncRNAs promote or delay the progression of periodontitis,which may greatly contribute to diagnose and therapy development of periodontitis based on ncRNAs in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82070648the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2021SK4014.
文摘Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI)is the major complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation,that may increase the postoperative morbidity,mortality,tumor progression,and metastasis.The underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated in recent years.Among these,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,immunoreactions,and cell death are the most studied.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are defined as the RNAs that do not encode proteins,but can regulate gene expressions.In recent years,ncRNAs have emerged as research hotspots for various diseases.During the progression of HIRI,ncRNAs are differentially expressed,while these dysregulations of ncRNAs,in turn,have been verified to be related to the above pathological processes involved in HIRI.ncRNAs mainly contain microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs,some of which have been reported as biomarkers for early diagnosis or assessment of liver damage severity,and as therapeutic targets to attenuate HIRI.Here,we briefly summarize the common pathophysiology of HIRI,describe the current knowledge of ncRNAs involved in HIRI in animal and human studies,and discuss the potential of ncRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies.Given the scarcity of clinical trials,there is still a long way to go from pre-clinical to clinical application,and further studies are needed to uncover their potential as therapeutic targets.
文摘Abstract With the development of genome-wide sequencing technology, 195 types of functional long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） have so far been found, and their cellular roles are gradually being revealed. Now lncRNAs have become a hotspot in the life science. These small molecules exist in almost all higher eukaryotes, and have very important regulatory roles in these organisms. This review briefly summarizes recent progress in researches on antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus.
基金supported by a non-profit organization of Greek Society of Cancer Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the model solid malignancies of targeted therapy after the discovery of imatinib effectiveness against their tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Non-coding RNAs are molecules with no protein coding capacity that play crucial role to several biological steps of normal cell proliferation and differentiation.When the expression of these molecules found to be altered it seems that they affect the process of carcinogenesis in multiple ways,such as proliferation,apoptosis,differentiation,metastasis,and drug resistance.This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research papers and summarize the current evidence about the role of non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of GISTs,including their potential clinical applications.
