This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educ...This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educators to teach in digital age,although most of the teachers today are digital immigrants who "have become fascinated by and adopted many,or most aspects of the new technology are,and always will be compared to them"(Prensky,2001).They have to attempt to equip themselves with the knowledge of new media,which aims to provide the current students with their needs to become fully literate in this digital age.However,when the Internet began to arrive in schools,it was embraced by educators already seasoned in the challenges of change.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review and network meta-analysis(NMA) to compare the effectiveness among the different regimens of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection classes(SMICs) for unstable angina pectoris(UAP) tr...OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review and network meta-analysis(NMA) to compare the effectiveness among the different regimens of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection classes(SMICs) for unstable angina pectoris(UAP) treatment.METHODS: A systematic retrieval was conducted in several literature databases to identify randomized controlled trials focusing on the different regimens of SMICs for UAP treatment until January2016. The quality assessment was accomplished according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Pair-wise meta-analyses were carried out by Rev Man 5.3. A random-effects model of NMA was used to compare the different regimens of SMICs with regard to efficacy by STATA 13.0.RESULTS: A total of 111 studies involving 10 500patients were included in the NMA. The methodological quality of included studies was not high.Current evidence shows that salvianolate(SI) is the optimal treatment for UAP in improving the total efficacy against UAP. Guanxingning(GXN) is the optimal treatment for UAP for improving the total effectiveness of electrocardiography.CONCLUSION: SMICs have advantages in preventing cardiovascular events. GXN, SI, and Danhong had the greatest probability of being the best treatment in the total efficacy against UAP and for improving the total effectiveness of electrocardiography.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of ginkgo injections(GIs)combined with conventional treatment(CT)against angina pectoris(AP)due to coronary heart disease(CH D).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials...OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of ginkgo injections(GIs)combined with conventional treatment(CT)against angina pectoris(AP)due to coronary heart disease(CH D).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that used GIs to treat AP were searched in SinoMed,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese Scientific Journals Database,Wanfang Database,Embase and Cochrane Library until March 2017.The Cochrane "risk of bias" method was used to evaluate the methodological quality of RCTs.Data were analyzed using Stata v13.1 and WinBUGS v1.4.3.RESULTS:A total of 73 RCTs involving 7621 patients were included.A Bayesian network Meta-analysis of RCTs was undertaken,and the advantages of four types of Gl-supplemented CT in AP treatment were determined.CONCLUSION:Gl-assisted CT was more effective against AP than CT alone.However,based on the limitations of the study,additional high-quality RCTs are required to confirm our findings.展开更多
Objective: To assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers(donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine) on cognition, behavior, function, and global status in patients with vascul...Objective: To assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers(donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine) on cognition, behavior, function, and global status in patients with vascular cognitive impairment.Data sources: The initial literature search was performed with PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Methodology Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health(CINAHL) from inception to January 2018 for studies regarding donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine for treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.Data selection: Randomized controlled trials on donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine as monotherapy in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment were included. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. Outcome measures: Efficacy was assessed by changes in scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores and Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Scale Plus Caregiver's Input, Activities of Daily Living, the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Safety was evaluated by mortality, total adverse events(TAEs), serious adverse events(SAEs), nausea, vomiting. diarrhea, or cerebrovascular accidents(CVAs). Results: After screening 1717 citations, 12 randomized controlled trials were included. Donepezil and rivastigmine(mean difference(e) = –0.77, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.25–1.32; MD = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.18–1.79) were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Donepezil, galantamine, and memantine(MD = –1.30, 95% CI: –2.27 to –0.42; MD = –1.67, 95% CI: –3.36 to –0.06; MD = –2.27, 95% CI: –3.91 to –0.53) showed superior benefits on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive scores compared with placebo. Memantine(MD = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.05–7.29) improved global status(Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Scale Plus Caregiver's Input) more than the placebo. Safety results revealed that donepezil 10 mg(odds ratio(OR) = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.86–5.41) contributed to higer risk of adverse events than placebo. Galantamine(OR = 5.64, 95% CI: 1.31–26.71) increased the risk of nausea. Rivastigmine(OR = 16.80, 95% CI: 1.78–319.26) increased the risk of vomiting. No agents displayed a significant risk of serious adverse events, mortality, cerebrovascular accidents, or diarrhea.Conclusion: We found significant efficacy of donepezil, galantamine, and memantine on cognition. Memantine can provide significant efficacy in global status. They are all safe and well tolerated.展开更多
5G is the hottest topic in telecommunication area in recent years.ITU has defined 5G as IMT-2020,and presented the scenarios of IMT-2020.These scenarios for IMT-2020 can be concluded as follows：-Enhanced Mobile Broad...5G is the hottest topic in telecommunication area in recent years.ITU has defined 5G as IMT-2020,and presented the scenarios of IMT-2020.These scenarios for IMT-2020 can be concluded as follows：-Enhanced Mobile Broadband：Mobile Broadband addresses the human-centric use cases for access to multi-media content,services and data.The demand for mobile展开更多
Chapter 1 History and foundation by Alagan Anpalagan. This book chapter deals with history and foundation of cognitive radio. In recent years wireless communications have experienced an unprecedented success for the r...Chapter 1 History and foundation by Alagan Anpalagan. This book chapter deals with history and foundation of cognitive radio. In recent years wireless communications have experienced an unprecedented success for the rapidity of their diffusion and for their impact in the life of human society. The technologies used in wireless communications are far from being mature and many changes induced by their progress are still to come. Cognitive radio is one of these technologies and is regarded as a key technology to increase efficiency in wireless communications. In many circumstances the spectrum assigned to wireless communications is not fully used. The main goal of cognitive radio is to improve the exploitation of the spectrum. The idea is to let the unlicensed users to access the spectrum left unused by the licensed users. In this chapter the main steps of the brief history of cognitive radio are presented including issues related to policy regulations that have influenced the technology and alternative technical solutions as software defined radio. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of future applications in wireless communications and of the challenges that they pose to cognitive radio. This is a well written and informative chapter that deals with an important technology. I suggest to read it. Chapter 6 MIMO systems and cooperative networks performances by Kosai Raoof, Maha Ben Zid. This chapter deals with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems. This is a technology used to in wireless communications to improve transmission robustness and to increase spectral efficiency. The relation between MIMO systems and wireless sensor networks is investigated. Spatially distributed wireless sensor networks are deployed for many different purposes, let us mention, for example, environment monitoring missions or surveillance missions. Cooperative networks with virtual MIMO channels are studied, in particular networks aware of their environment are considered. These are cognitive networks that operate in wireless form. This last feature is the bridge that links them to cognitive radio. In fact the cognitive radio technology is used to allocate spectrum to the users of the cognitive network in an adaptive way. This book chapter deals with a specific application, however, this is a very important application and this work is written in a way that makes it readable by a wide audience technically oriented readers. I suggest to read it.展开更多
社交媒体(social media)作为新兴的信息传播和人际互动的在线网络平台,已经广泛融入人们日常生活和生产活动中,并引起相关领域学者的广泛关注。目前关于社交媒体用户关系网络的相关研究已经取得较为丰富的成果,但仍缺乏基于具体理论框...社交媒体(social media)作为新兴的信息传播和人际互动的在线网络平台,已经广泛融入人们日常生活和生产活动中,并引起相关领域学者的广泛关注。目前关于社交媒体用户关系网络的相关研究已经取得较为丰富的成果,但仍缺乏基于具体理论框架的系统性梳理和全局性解读。鉴于此,本文以一般系统论(general system theory)为理论框架,从要素和过程两个角度对社交媒体用户关系网络的研究进行梳理和总结。具体而言,从要素角度来看,社交媒体用户关系网络的研究内容围绕用户关系网络特征刻画、检测和预测这三个方面来展开,其研究对象聚焦于用户关系或网络,其研究视角立足于静态或动态;从过程角度来看,社交媒体用户关系网络的作用机制从多个层面探讨了影响因素和影响效应,且这些影响因素和效应依托于多种具体场景。结合相关研究的现状及进展,本文从线上与线下融合、情境多样性以及负面效应等三个方面提出了未来研究趋势。展开更多
基于图的虚假评论检测主要面临着如何在仅有少量正样本标注的属性图中,有效聚合图中不同关系的邻居信息,提高图表示学习对于异常节点的敏感性和泛化能力的挑战。针对此挑战,提出基于元学习的多信息融合图差异网络(multi-information fus...基于图的虚假评论检测主要面临着如何在仅有少量正样本标注的属性图中,有效聚合图中不同关系的邻居信息,提高图表示学习对于异常节点的敏感性和泛化能力的挑战。针对此挑战,提出基于元学习的多信息融合图差异网络(multi-information fusion graph deviation network based on meta-learning,MetaMGDN)。通过构建多视图划分与多信息融合模块,充分挖掘用户、项目、评分的结构信息与属性信息,以实现网络对多方面信息的获取并挖掘评论节点之间的关系。设计多视图邻域差异聚合模块,合并邻域信息与自身-邻域差异信息,使网络同时关注节点之间的关联性与差异性,提高了网络对于异常节点的敏感性。最后,引入元学习框架,利用多个辅助网络增强目标网络学习小样本任务的经验,从而在小样本虚假评论检测场景下保持较高泛化能力。在真实公开评论数据集上进行的实验表明,Meta-MGDN在基于图的虚假评论检测领域上的效果优于先进的基线。展开更多
反导体系是抵御威胁的重要防线,如何更加准确地描述、评估反导体系的作战效能是一件非常重要而复杂的工作。针对反导体系效能评估问题,分析反导作战体系的特征,结合图示评审技术(graphical evaluation and review technique,GERT),首先...反导体系是抵御威胁的重要防线,如何更加准确地描述、评估反导体系的作战效能是一件非常重要而复杂的工作。针对反导体系效能评估问题,分析反导作战体系的特征,结合图示评审技术(graphical evaluation and review technique,GERT),首先构建反导作战GERT网络,为效能评价提供模型框架;其次引入节点重要度思想,通过分析装备自身属性和关联装备的重要性,修正装备能力,并利用梅森公式和矩母函数的优良性质,解决基于节点重要度的反导体系作战效能评估问题;最后通过算例研究,说明基于节点重要度的反导体系效能评估方法的实用性和有效性。结果表明,基于节点重要度的效能评估方法能够有效量化装备异质性及网络结构对整体效能的影响,充分考虑关键节点对体系效能的影响,为反导体系的效能评估与优化提供了一种更贴合实际的新思路。展开更多
文摘This book is greatly appreciated for its collection of various innovative activities which could be applied in different levels of technology-savvy classrooms.It is regarded as guidance to show paths for language educators to teach in digital age,although most of the teachers today are digital immigrants who "have become fascinated by and adopted many,or most aspects of the new technology are,and always will be compared to them"(Prensky,2001).They have to attempt to equip themselves with the knowledge of new media,which aims to provide the current students with their needs to become fully literate in this digital age.However,when the Internet began to arrive in schools,it was embraced by educators already seasoned in the challenges of change.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Key Influencing Factors of Anaphylaxis in Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection(No.81473547)Multi-dimensional Clinical Evaluation Model of Salvia Injection for the Treatment of Unstable Angina Pectoris(No.81673829)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review and network meta-analysis(NMA) to compare the effectiveness among the different regimens of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection classes(SMICs) for unstable angina pectoris(UAP) treatment.METHODS: A systematic retrieval was conducted in several literature databases to identify randomized controlled trials focusing on the different regimens of SMICs for UAP treatment until January2016. The quality assessment was accomplished according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Pair-wise meta-analyses were carried out by Rev Man 5.3. A random-effects model of NMA was used to compare the different regimens of SMICs with regard to efficacy by STATA 13.0.RESULTS: A total of 111 studies involving 10 500patients were included in the NMA. The methodological quality of included studies was not high.Current evidence shows that salvianolate(SI) is the optimal treatment for UAP in improving the total efficacy against UAP. Guanxingning(GXN) is the optimal treatment for UAP for improving the total effectiveness of electrocardiography.CONCLUSION: SMICs have advantages in preventing cardiovascular events. GXN, SI, and Danhong had the greatest probability of being the best treatment in the total efficacy against UAP and for improving the total effectiveness of electrocardiography.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Study on the Key Influencing Factors of Anaphylaxis in Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection No.81473547and Multidimensional Clinical Evaluation Model of Salvia Injection for the Treatment of Unstable Angina Pectoris,No.81673829)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of ginkgo injections(GIs)combined with conventional treatment(CT)against angina pectoris(AP)due to coronary heart disease(CH D).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that used GIs to treat AP were searched in SinoMed,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese Scientific Journals Database,Wanfang Database,Embase and Cochrane Library until March 2017.The Cochrane "risk of bias" method was used to evaluate the methodological quality of RCTs.Data were analyzed using Stata v13.1 and WinBUGS v1.4.3.RESULTS:A total of 73 RCTs involving 7621 patients were included.A Bayesian network Meta-analysis of RCTs was undertaken,and the advantages of four types of Gl-supplemented CT in AP treatment were determined.CONCLUSION:Gl-assisted CT was more effective against AP than CT alone.However,based on the limitations of the study,additional high-quality RCTs are required to confirm our findings.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China,No.20170541036(to HYL)
文摘Objective: To assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers(donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine) on cognition, behavior, function, and global status in patients with vascular cognitive impairment.Data sources: The initial literature search was performed with PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Methodology Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health(CINAHL) from inception to January 2018 for studies regarding donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine for treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.Data selection: Randomized controlled trials on donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine as monotherapy in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment were included. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. Outcome measures: Efficacy was assessed by changes in scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores and Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Scale Plus Caregiver's Input, Activities of Daily Living, the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Safety was evaluated by mortality, total adverse events(TAEs), serious adverse events(SAEs), nausea, vomiting. diarrhea, or cerebrovascular accidents(CVAs). Results: After screening 1717 citations, 12 randomized controlled trials were included. Donepezil and rivastigmine(mean difference(e) = –0.77, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.25–1.32; MD = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.18–1.79) were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Donepezil, galantamine, and memantine(MD = –1.30, 95% CI: –2.27 to –0.42; MD = –1.67, 95% CI: –3.36 to –0.06; MD = –2.27, 95% CI: –3.91 to –0.53) showed superior benefits on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive scores compared with placebo. Memantine(MD = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.05–7.29) improved global status(Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Scale Plus Caregiver's Input) more than the placebo. Safety results revealed that donepezil 10 mg(odds ratio(OR) = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.86–5.41) contributed to higer risk of adverse events than placebo. Galantamine(OR = 5.64, 95% CI: 1.31–26.71) increased the risk of nausea. Rivastigmine(OR = 16.80, 95% CI: 1.78–319.26) increased the risk of vomiting. No agents displayed a significant risk of serious adverse events, mortality, cerebrovascular accidents, or diarrhea.Conclusion: We found significant efficacy of donepezil, galantamine, and memantine on cognition. Memantine can provide significant efficacy in global status. They are all safe and well tolerated.
文摘5G is the hottest topic in telecommunication area in recent years.ITU has defined 5G as IMT-2020,and presented the scenarios of IMT-2020.These scenarios for IMT-2020 can be concluded as follows：-Enhanced Mobile Broadband：Mobile Broadband addresses the human-centric use cases for access to multi-media content,services and data.The demand for mobile
文摘Chapter 1 History and foundation by Alagan Anpalagan. This book chapter deals with history and foundation of cognitive radio. In recent years wireless communications have experienced an unprecedented success for the rapidity of their diffusion and for their impact in the life of human society. The technologies used in wireless communications are far from being mature and many changes induced by their progress are still to come. Cognitive radio is one of these technologies and is regarded as a key technology to increase efficiency in wireless communications. In many circumstances the spectrum assigned to wireless communications is not fully used. The main goal of cognitive radio is to improve the exploitation of the spectrum. The idea is to let the unlicensed users to access the spectrum left unused by the licensed users. In this chapter the main steps of the brief history of cognitive radio are presented including issues related to policy regulations that have influenced the technology and alternative technical solutions as software defined radio. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of future applications in wireless communications and of the challenges that they pose to cognitive radio. This is a well written and informative chapter that deals with an important technology. I suggest to read it. Chapter 6 MIMO systems and cooperative networks performances by Kosai Raoof, Maha Ben Zid. This chapter deals with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems. This is a technology used to in wireless communications to improve transmission robustness and to increase spectral efficiency. The relation between MIMO systems and wireless sensor networks is investigated. Spatially distributed wireless sensor networks are deployed for many different purposes, let us mention, for example, environment monitoring missions or surveillance missions. Cooperative networks with virtual MIMO channels are studied, in particular networks aware of their environment are considered. These are cognitive networks that operate in wireless form. This last feature is the bridge that links them to cognitive radio. In fact the cognitive radio technology is used to allocate spectrum to the users of the cognitive network in an adaptive way. This book chapter deals with a specific application, however, this is a very important application and this work is written in a way that makes it readable by a wide audience technically oriented readers. I suggest to read it.
文摘社交媒体(social media)作为新兴的信息传播和人际互动的在线网络平台,已经广泛融入人们日常生活和生产活动中,并引起相关领域学者的广泛关注。目前关于社交媒体用户关系网络的相关研究已经取得较为丰富的成果,但仍缺乏基于具体理论框架的系统性梳理和全局性解读。鉴于此,本文以一般系统论(general system theory)为理论框架,从要素和过程两个角度对社交媒体用户关系网络的研究进行梳理和总结。具体而言,从要素角度来看,社交媒体用户关系网络的研究内容围绕用户关系网络特征刻画、检测和预测这三个方面来展开,其研究对象聚焦于用户关系或网络,其研究视角立足于静态或动态;从过程角度来看,社交媒体用户关系网络的作用机制从多个层面探讨了影响因素和影响效应,且这些影响因素和效应依托于多种具体场景。结合相关研究的现状及进展,本文从线上与线下融合、情境多样性以及负面效应等三个方面提出了未来研究趋势。
文摘基于图的虚假评论检测主要面临着如何在仅有少量正样本标注的属性图中,有效聚合图中不同关系的邻居信息,提高图表示学习对于异常节点的敏感性和泛化能力的挑战。针对此挑战,提出基于元学习的多信息融合图差异网络(multi-information fusion graph deviation network based on meta-learning,MetaMGDN)。通过构建多视图划分与多信息融合模块,充分挖掘用户、项目、评分的结构信息与属性信息,以实现网络对多方面信息的获取并挖掘评论节点之间的关系。设计多视图邻域差异聚合模块,合并邻域信息与自身-邻域差异信息,使网络同时关注节点之间的关联性与差异性,提高了网络对于异常节点的敏感性。最后,引入元学习框架,利用多个辅助网络增强目标网络学习小样本任务的经验,从而在小样本虚假评论检测场景下保持较高泛化能力。在真实公开评论数据集上进行的实验表明,Meta-MGDN在基于图的虚假评论检测领域上的效果优于先进的基线。
文摘反导体系是抵御威胁的重要防线,如何更加准确地描述、评估反导体系的作战效能是一件非常重要而复杂的工作。针对反导体系效能评估问题,分析反导作战体系的特征,结合图示评审技术(graphical evaluation and review technique,GERT),首先构建反导作战GERT网络,为效能评价提供模型框架;其次引入节点重要度思想,通过分析装备自身属性和关联装备的重要性,修正装备能力,并利用梅森公式和矩母函数的优良性质,解决基于节点重要度的反导体系作战效能评估问题;最后通过算例研究,说明基于节点重要度的反导体系效能评估方法的实用性和有效性。结果表明,基于节点重要度的效能评估方法能够有效量化装备异质性及网络结构对整体效能的影响,充分考虑关键节点对体系效能的影响,为反导体系的效能评估与优化提供了一种更贴合实际的新思路。
