The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and fini...The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.展开更多
The integration of entire supply and value chain into a closed loop network is gaining more importance in recent times in order to ensure a business to be economically and environmentally sustainable with the changing...The integration of entire supply and value chain into a closed loop network is gaining more importance in recent times in order to ensure a business to be economically and environmentally sustainable with the changing trends in business and social environments, growing environmental consciousness in the society and government legislations to protect the environment as well as the business. In this context, this paper considers a multi-echelon closed loop supply chain network design with forward and reverse logistics components. An attempt has been made to develop a mixed integer non-linear programming model for this problem with different costs so that the sum of the total cost is minimized subject to different constraints pertaining to capacities of the entities of the system, demands of first customers and second customers. A generalized model is presented and then its application is illustrated using an example problem by solving the model using LINGO14. This model forms as a tool to compare future meta-heuristics to check the closeness of their solutions with corresponding optimal solutions.展开更多
The double loop network G(N; r, s) has N vertices and 2N directed edges. A natural question is how to choose r and s such that G(N; r, s) has diameter as short as possible for a given N. In 1993, Li, Xu and Zhang prop...The double loop network G(N; r, s) has N vertices and 2N directed edges. A natural question is how to choose r and s such that G(N; r, s) has diameter as short as possible for a given N. In 1993, Li, Xu and Zhang proposed a method of constructing double loop networks with the minimum diameter for the case of r=1.The method is developed to construct such networks that none of their minimum diameters can be reached at r=1.As a by-product, a flaw in an assertation by Esqu et al. is pointed out.展开更多
国内配电网一般采用闭环设计,开环运行的供电方式,城市10 k V配电网络已形成了"手拉手"的环行供电网络,通过解合环操作可减少停电时间,供电可靠性也得到一定的提高,但依然存在短时停电问题,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,负荷...国内配电网一般采用闭环设计,开环运行的供电方式,城市10 k V配电网络已形成了"手拉手"的环行供电网络,通过解合环操作可减少停电时间,供电可靠性也得到一定的提高,但依然存在短时停电问题,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,负荷需求增长迅速,尤其是重要敏感用户对供电可靠性的要求越来越高,迫切需要进一步提供配网供电可靠性。文中对10k V配电网闭环运行模式进行研究分析,并提出一种可行的网架结构优化方案。展开更多
文摘The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.
文摘The integration of entire supply and value chain into a closed loop network is gaining more importance in recent times in order to ensure a business to be economically and environmentally sustainable with the changing trends in business and social environments, growing environmental consciousness in the society and government legislations to protect the environment as well as the business. In this context, this paper considers a multi-echelon closed loop supply chain network design with forward and reverse logistics components. An attempt has been made to develop a mixed integer non-linear programming model for this problem with different costs so that the sum of the total cost is minimized subject to different constraints pertaining to capacities of the entities of the system, demands of first customers and second customers. A generalized model is presented and then its application is illustrated using an example problem by solving the model using LINGO14. This model forms as a tool to compare future meta-heuristics to check the closeness of their solutions with corresponding optimal solutions.
基金Project supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19671057).
文摘The double loop network G(N; r, s) has N vertices and 2N directed edges. A natural question is how to choose r and s such that G(N; r, s) has diameter as short as possible for a given N. In 1993, Li, Xu and Zhang proposed a method of constructing double loop networks with the minimum diameter for the case of r=1.The method is developed to construct such networks that none of their minimum diameters can be reached at r=1.As a by-product, a flaw in an assertation by Esqu et al. is pointed out.
文摘国内配电网一般采用闭环设计,开环运行的供电方式,城市10 k V配电网络已形成了"手拉手"的环行供电网络,通过解合环操作可减少停电时间,供电可靠性也得到一定的提高,但依然存在短时停电问题,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,负荷需求增长迅速,尤其是重要敏感用户对供电可靠性的要求越来越高,迫切需要进一步提供配网供电可靠性。文中对10k V配电网闭环运行模式进行研究分析,并提出一种可行的网架结构优化方案。
