Urban road networks play a crucial role in transport and urban planning and have the potential to contribute to more sustainable futures if their hierarchy is properly understood. However, the concept of the urban roa...Urban road networks play a crucial role in transport and urban planning and have the potential to contribute to more sustainable futures if their hierarchy is properly understood. However, the concept of the urban road network hierarchy, which refers to street classification and prioritization, is not well defined within the domain of transport engineering management, leaving many questions unanswered. Is it simply a planning tool, or does it extend to defining the essence of cities? Is it a qualitative or quantitative concept? Does it emerge organically or require proactive planning? Given the lack of comprehensive answers to these questions, this research aims to provide a contextual understanding of the urban road network hierarchy through the lens of sustainable transport futures. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review, which is an effective method for consolidating knowledge on a specific topic. A total of 42 articles were analyzed using both quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis. Our work demonstrates that the road network hierarchy consists of 16 sub-concepts. Four main research trends were identified and discussed: a) road morphology and structure, b) advanced algorithms for street classification, c) integrated street classification planning, and d) the social dimension of street classification. Recent literature indicates a shift toward alternative road network hierarchy approaches that prioritize sustainable mobility over car-centric models. In conclusion, our analysis reveals that the urban road network hierarchy is a multifaceted yet under researched “vehicle for change,” which, if utilized effectively, offers opportunities to reimagine urban road environments.展开更多
As the most mature portable power source,lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles(EVs)by virtue of its high energy density,long cycle life and relatively low cost.However,an ...As the most mature portable power source,lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles(EVs)by virtue of its high energy density,long cycle life and relatively low cost.However,an excellent battery management system remained to be a problem for the operational states monitoring and safety guarantee for EVs.In this paper,a function realization of multi-scale modeling is proposed based on cyber hierarchy and interactional network framework,realizing basic functions such as multi-scale mapping and cloud-based modeling.Furthermore,to solve the problem of limited computing capability of the conventional vehicle-end battery management system,the novel system consists of hierarchies of side,edge and cloud,which are designed to take on different computing tasks methodically and swap data iteratively,providing specific services for drivers,enterprise users,etc.Due to a series of promising features,this system has a large range of application scenarios as well as some critical bottlenecks,which will be discussed at the end of the article.Please check and confirm D.-B.Shan"is correctly identified in author group.It’s not correct.There is no"D.-B.Shan"in author group,please just remove it.展开更多
The objective of this research is to design a method for an appropriate alternative to supply poplar wood as raw material for wood and paper factories in Iran. Due to the destruction of the forests and lack of proper ...The objective of this research is to design a method for an appropriate alternative to supply poplar wood as raw material for wood and paper factories in Iran. Due to the destruction of the forests and lack of proper plantation, replacement of the forest wood by the fast growing wood is vital to satisfy all requirements of these factories. A hierarchy was used to prioritize benefits, opportunities, costs and risks （BOCR） using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） ratings approach. To evaluate the ＂control criteria＂ of the system, a control hierarchy was also created and prioritized by applying the Analytic Network Process （ANP）. A total of four major control criteria in the system are prioritized where each one controls a network structure evaluated by using ANE The final synthesis results of the system showed that internal poplar tree farming supplied by the forest product factories was the best choice among three potential alternatives （factory procurement, external procurement and mix procurement）.展开更多
Aimed to enhance the supporting ability for diversified services, this paper proposes a hierarchy echo state network（HESE） based service-awareness（SA）（HESN-SA） mechanism in 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical net...Aimed to enhance the supporting ability for diversified services, this paper proposes a hierarchy echo state network（HESE） based service-awareness（SA）（HESN-SA） mechanism in 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network（10G-EPON）. In this HESN-SA, hierarchy architecture is adopted to realize echo state network（ESN） classification based SA. According to the network architecture of 10G-EPON, the parent-ESN（p-ESN） module works in the optical line terminal（OLT）, while the sub-ESN（s-ESN） module is embedded in optical network units（ONUs）. Thus, the p-ESN plays the main function of SA with a total view of this system, and s-ESN in each ONU conducts the SA function under the control of p-ESN. Thus, resources allocation and transport policy are both determined by the proposed mechanism through cooperation between OLT and ONUs. Simulation results show that the HESN-SA can improve the supporting ability for multiple services.展开更多
Several examples that serve to validate the AHP/ANP with matrices hierarchies and networks are given in this paper. They are then followed by a discussion of the real numbers and how they are generated without the nee...Several examples that serve to validate the AHP/ANP with matrices hierarchies and networks are given in this paper. They are then followed by a discussion of the real numbers and how they are generated without the need for an absolute zero, and how they define an absolute scale of measurement that also does not need an absolute zero. In the AHP/ANP the measurement of an alternative depends on what other alternatives it is compared with. The result is that rank can change if alternatives are added or deleted, something that does not occur in one-at-a-time rating of the alternatives by comparing them with an ideal. An example is provided to show that this is natural and need not involve new criteria or change in judgments. A brief discussion of Utility Theory, the other multi-criteria theory, which uses interval scales to measure intangibles and some of its problems and paradoxes, is given. The references at the end include most of the papers that are adverse to the AHP with brief comments about several of them given in the paper.展开更多
文摘Urban road networks play a crucial role in transport and urban planning and have the potential to contribute to more sustainable futures if their hierarchy is properly understood. However, the concept of the urban road network hierarchy, which refers to street classification and prioritization, is not well defined within the domain of transport engineering management, leaving many questions unanswered. Is it simply a planning tool, or does it extend to defining the essence of cities? Is it a qualitative or quantitative concept? Does it emerge organically or require proactive planning? Given the lack of comprehensive answers to these questions, this research aims to provide a contextual understanding of the urban road network hierarchy through the lens of sustainable transport futures. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review, which is an effective method for consolidating knowledge on a specific topic. A total of 42 articles were analyzed using both quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis. Our work demonstrates that the road network hierarchy consists of 16 sub-concepts. Four main research trends were identified and discussed: a) road morphology and structure, b) advanced algorithms for street classification, c) integrated street classification planning, and d) the social dimension of street classification. Recent literature indicates a shift toward alternative road network hierarchy approaches that prioritize sustainable mobility over car-centric models. In conclusion, our analysis reveals that the urban road network hierarchy is a multifaceted yet under researched “vehicle for change,” which, if utilized effectively, offers opportunities to reimagine urban road environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102470)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(No.20200501012GX)。
文摘As the most mature portable power source,lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles(EVs)by virtue of its high energy density,long cycle life and relatively low cost.However,an excellent battery management system remained to be a problem for the operational states monitoring and safety guarantee for EVs.In this paper,a function realization of multi-scale modeling is proposed based on cyber hierarchy and interactional network framework,realizing basic functions such as multi-scale mapping and cloud-based modeling.Furthermore,to solve the problem of limited computing capability of the conventional vehicle-end battery management system,the novel system consists of hierarchies of side,edge and cloud,which are designed to take on different computing tasks methodically and swap data iteratively,providing specific services for drivers,enterprise users,etc.Due to a series of promising features,this system has a large range of application scenarios as well as some critical bottlenecks,which will be discussed at the end of the article.Please check and confirm D.-B.Shan"is correctly identified in author group.It’s not correct.There is no"D.-B.Shan"in author group,please just remove it.
文摘The objective of this research is to design a method for an appropriate alternative to supply poplar wood as raw material for wood and paper factories in Iran. Due to the destruction of the forests and lack of proper plantation, replacement of the forest wood by the fast growing wood is vital to satisfy all requirements of these factories. A hierarchy was used to prioritize benefits, opportunities, costs and risks （BOCR） using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） ratings approach. To evaluate the ＂control criteria＂ of the system, a control hierarchy was also created and prioritized by applying the Analytic Network Process （ANP）. A total of four major control criteria in the system are prioritized where each one controls a network structure evaluated by using ANE The final synthesis results of the system showed that internal poplar tree farming supplied by the forest product factories was the best choice among three potential alternatives （factory procurement, external procurement and mix procurement）.
基金supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2012AA050804)
文摘Aimed to enhance the supporting ability for diversified services, this paper proposes a hierarchy echo state network（HESE） based service-awareness（SA）（HESN-SA） mechanism in 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network（10G-EPON）. In this HESN-SA, hierarchy architecture is adopted to realize echo state network（ESN） classification based SA. According to the network architecture of 10G-EPON, the parent-ESN（p-ESN） module works in the optical line terminal（OLT）, while the sub-ESN（s-ESN） module is embedded in optical network units（ONUs）. Thus, the p-ESN plays the main function of SA with a total view of this system, and s-ESN in each ONU conducts the SA function under the control of p-ESN. Thus, resources allocation and transport policy are both determined by the proposed mechanism through cooperation between OLT and ONUs. Simulation results show that the HESN-SA can improve the supporting ability for multiple services.
文摘Several examples that serve to validate the AHP/ANP with matrices hierarchies and networks are given in this paper. They are then followed by a discussion of the real numbers and how they are generated without the need for an absolute zero, and how they define an absolute scale of measurement that also does not need an absolute zero. In the AHP/ANP the measurement of an alternative depends on what other alternatives it is compared with. The result is that rank can change if alternatives are added or deleted, something that does not occur in one-at-a-time rating of the alternatives by comparing them with an ideal. An example is provided to show that this is natural and need not involve new criteria or change in judgments. A brief discussion of Utility Theory, the other multi-criteria theory, which uses interval scales to measure intangibles and some of its problems and paradoxes, is given. The references at the end include most of the papers that are adverse to the AHP with brief comments about several of them given in the paper.
