An atmosphere-vegetation interaction model (AVIM) has been coupled with a nine-layer General Cir culation Model (GCM) of Institute of Atmospheic Physics / State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sci...An atmosphere-vegetation interaction model (AVIM) has been coupled with a nine-layer General Cir culation Model (GCM) of Institute of Atmospheic Physics / State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (IAP/ LASG), which is rhomboidally truncated at zonal wave number 15, to simulate global climatic mean states. AVIM is a model having inter-feedback between land surface processes and eco-physiological processes on land. As the first step to couple land with atmosphere completely, the physiological processes are fixed and only the physical part (generally named the SVAT (soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer scheme) model) of AVIM is nested into IAP/ LASG L9R15 GCM. The ocean part of GCM is prescribed and its monthly sea surface temperature (SST) is the climatic mean value. With respect to the low resolution of GCM, i.e., each grid cell having lon gitude 7.5?and latitude 4.5? the vegetation is given a high resolution of 1.5?by 1.5?to nest and couple the fine grid cells of land with the coarse grid cells of atmosphere. The coupling model has been integrated for 15 years and its last ten-year mean of outputs was chosen for analysis.Compared with observed data and NCEP reanalysis, the coupled model simulates the main characteris tics of global atmospheric circulation and the fields of temperature and moisture. In particular, the simu lated precipitation and surface air temperature have sound results. The work creates a solid base on coupling climate models with the biosphere.展开更多
We present a three-level nested-grid ocean circulation modeling system for the Belize shelf of the western Caribbean Sea. The nested-grid system has three subcomponents： a coarse-resolution outer model of the western...We present a three-level nested-grid ocean circulation modeling system for the Belize shelf of the western Caribbean Sea. The nested-grid system has three subcomponents： a coarse-resolution outer model of the western Caribbean Sea; an intermediate-resolution middle model of the southern Mest〉American Barrier Reef System; and a fine-resolution inner model of the Belize shelf. The two-way nesting technique based on the semi-prognostic method is used to exchange information between the three subcomponents. We discuss two applications of the nested-grid system in this study. In the first application we simulate the seasonal mean circulation in the region, with the nested system forced by monthly mean surface fluxes and boundary forcing. The model results reproduce the general circulation features on the western Caribbean Sea and mest〉scale circulation features on the Belize shelf. In the second application, we simulate the storm-induced circulation during Hurricane Mitch in 1998, with the nested-grid system forced by the combination of monthly mean forcing and idealized wind stress associated with the storm. The model results demonstrate that the storm-induced currents transport a large amount of estuarine waters from coastal regions of Honduras and Guatemala to offshore reef atolls.展开更多
与传统的制造业调度问题相比,MRO(Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul,即航空维修,包括飞机维护、修理和翻修)系统面临更多的不确定性和复杂性,如拆分-修理-组装的三级结构、待维修件质量水平的不确定、物料匹配需求以及不确定工艺路线...与传统的制造业调度问题相比,MRO(Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul,即航空维修,包括飞机维护、修理和翻修)系统面临更多的不确定性和复杂性,如拆分-修理-组装的三级结构、待维修件质量水平的不确定、物料匹配需求以及不确定工艺路线和工时。文中针对MRO调度问题建立以最小化期望权重延误时间为目标的混合整数线性规划模型,然而,使用传统的优化方法很难对此类NP-hard问题求得最优解,于是提出一种基于嵌套分割(NP)算法框架的混合算法NP/NEH/OCBA对该问题进行求解,最后,通过基于实际背景的算例验证了模型的可行性并对比分析了NP/NEH/OCBA算法与其它相似算法的优势。展开更多
基金This paper is financially supported by the NKBRSF(National Key Basic Research Special Funds)project ofChina(G1999043400).the Key Project of Knowledge Innovation Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZKCX2-SW-210),and the Lead Project of Innovation
文摘An atmosphere-vegetation interaction model (AVIM) has been coupled with a nine-layer General Cir culation Model (GCM) of Institute of Atmospheic Physics / State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (IAP/ LASG), which is rhomboidally truncated at zonal wave number 15, to simulate global climatic mean states. AVIM is a model having inter-feedback between land surface processes and eco-physiological processes on land. As the first step to couple land with atmosphere completely, the physiological processes are fixed and only the physical part (generally named the SVAT (soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer scheme) model) of AVIM is nested into IAP/ LASG L9R15 GCM. The ocean part of GCM is prescribed and its monthly sea surface temperature (SST) is the climatic mean value. With respect to the low resolution of GCM, i.e., each grid cell having lon gitude 7.5?and latitude 4.5? the vegetation is given a high resolution of 1.5?by 1.5?to nest and couple the fine grid cells of land with the coarse grid cells of atmosphere. The coupling model has been integrated for 15 years and its last ten-year mean of outputs was chosen for analysis.Compared with observed data and NCEP reanalysis, the coupled model simulates the main characteris tics of global atmospheric circulation and the fields of temperature and moisture. In particular, the simu lated precipitation and surface air temperature have sound results. The work creates a solid base on coupling climate models with the biosphere.
文摘We present a three-level nested-grid ocean circulation modeling system for the Belize shelf of the western Caribbean Sea. The nested-grid system has three subcomponents： a coarse-resolution outer model of the western Caribbean Sea; an intermediate-resolution middle model of the southern Mest〉American Barrier Reef System; and a fine-resolution inner model of the Belize shelf. The two-way nesting technique based on the semi-prognostic method is used to exchange information between the three subcomponents. We discuss two applications of the nested-grid system in this study. In the first application we simulate the seasonal mean circulation in the region, with the nested system forced by monthly mean surface fluxes and boundary forcing. The model results reproduce the general circulation features on the western Caribbean Sea and mest〉scale circulation features on the Belize shelf. In the second application, we simulate the storm-induced circulation during Hurricane Mitch in 1998, with the nested-grid system forced by the combination of monthly mean forcing and idealized wind stress associated with the storm. The model results demonstrate that the storm-induced currents transport a large amount of estuarine waters from coastal regions of Honduras and Guatemala to offshore reef atolls.
文摘与传统的制造业调度问题相比,MRO(Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul,即航空维修,包括飞机维护、修理和翻修)系统面临更多的不确定性和复杂性,如拆分-修理-组装的三级结构、待维修件质量水平的不确定、物料匹配需求以及不确定工艺路线和工时。文中针对MRO调度问题建立以最小化期望权重延误时间为目标的混合整数线性规划模型,然而,使用传统的优化方法很难对此类NP-hard问题求得最优解,于是提出一种基于嵌套分割(NP)算法框架的混合算法NP/NEH/OCBA对该问题进行求解,最后,通过基于实际背景的算例验证了模型的可行性并对比分析了NP/NEH/OCBA算法与其它相似算法的优势。
