Using headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),we investigated the composition of volatile compounds in 114 peach germplasms across three harvest seasons(...Using headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),we investigated the composition of volatile compounds in 114 peach germplasms across three harvest seasons(June,July,and August),three types(round peach,nectarine,and flat peach),two flesh colors(white and yellow),three levels of total soluble solids(TSS)content(high,medium,and low),and three categories of single fruit weight(SFW)(large,medium,and small).A total of 41 volatile compounds were identified in all 114 germplasms,including nine volatile categories:aldehydes(15),esters(5),lactones(8),alcohols(3),terpenols(4),ketones(2),phenols(1),alkanes(2),and ether(1).The average contents of the nine volatile types were aldehydes>esters>lactones>alcohols>terpenols>ketones>phenols>alkanes>et hers.Most of the 24 germplasms harvested in June could be clearly distinguished from the 30 germplasms harvested in August in the principal component analysis(PCA)plots(PC1,PC2,and PC3)of the three harvest seasons,which had much better discriminability than hierarchical clustering heatmap.In the PCA plots of the three TSS classifications,considerable separations occurred between 39 high TSS germplasms and 39 low TSS ones.In the PCA plots of classifications of the three SFW,three types,and two flesh colors,germplasms of different categories highly overlapped with each other.In the PCA(PC1 and PC2)loading plots,weights for distinguishing 114 germplasms of the five classifications were all in the order of trans-2-hexenyl acetate>benzaldehyde>methyl benzoate>2-hexenal>hexanal>linalool>hexyl acetate>2-ethylhexanol>γ-decalactone>the other 32 volatile components.展开更多
In engineering systems,uncertainties in input parameters can significantly influence the output responses.This paper proposes a model distance-based approach to perform global sensitivity analysis for quantifying the ...In engineering systems,uncertainties in input parameters can significantly influence the output responses.This paper proposes a model distance-based approach to perform global sensitivity analysis for quantifying the influence of input uncertainties on multiple responses in an engineering system.The sensitivity indices are determined by comparing a reference model that incorporates all system uncertainties,with an altered model,where specific uncertainties are constrained.The proposed framework employs probability distance measures such as Hellinger distance,Kullback-Leibler divergence,and I2 norm which are based on joint probability density functions.The study also demonstrates the equivalence between the l2 norm-based approach and Sobol's analysis in multivariate sensitivity context.The proposed methodology effectively manages correlated random variables,accommodates both Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions,and allows for the grouping of input variables.Ilustrative examples consist of static analysis of a truss system and dynamic analysis of a frame subjected to seismic excitation.The sensitivity indices are estimated using brute-force Monte Carlo simulations.The relative ranking of these sensitivity indices can be utilized to identify the most and least significant variables contributing to the response uncertainty.The numerical results show a consistent ranking of input variables across different probability measures,indicating the robustness of proposed framework.展开更多
[Objective] The plankton and macrobenthos samples in municipal polluted river were analyzed by different methods, so as to explore the method suitable for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area. [Method] Shan...[Objective] The plankton and macrobenthos samples in municipal polluted river were analyzed by different methods, so as to explore the method suitable for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area. [Method] Shannon-Wiener diversity index, cluster analysis of multivariate statistical analysis and MDS （Non-matric Multi- dimentional Scaling）analysis were used to analyze biological data of phytoplankton, zooplankton and Zoobenthos collected from the representative municipal polluted river in Pearl River Delta. The sediment samples were also collected to determine. Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, as well as CODe, and NH3-N of porewater. Hakanson potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the ecological risk. [Re- suit] Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis results can not effectively reflect the difference of pollution status of various stations in heavy polluted area; despite the presence of some problems, multivariate analysis method is superior to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index method in biological monitoring of heavy polluted river in the city. [Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the risk factors for central port failure in cancer patients administered chemotherapy, using univariate and multivariate analyses. METHODS: A total of 1348 totally implantable venous access devices (T...AIM: To analyze the risk factors for central port failure in cancer patients administered chemotherapy, using univariate and multivariate analyses. METHODS: A total of 1348 totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) were implanted into 1280 cancer patients in this cohort study. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to analyze risk factors for failure of TIVADs. Log-rank test was used to compare actuarial survival rates. Infection, thrombosis, and surgical complication rates (χ2 test or Fisher's exact test) were compared in relation to the risk factors. RESULTS: Increasing age, male gender and openended catheter use were signifi cant risk factors reducing survival of TIVADs as determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Hematogenous malignancy decreased the survival time of TIVADs; this reduction was not statistically signifi cant by univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.336, 95% CI: 0.966-1.849, P = 0.080)]. However, it became a signifi cant risk factor by multivariate analysis (HR = 1.499, 95% CI: 1.079-2.083, P = 0.016) when correlated with variables of age, sex and catheter type. Close-ended (Groshong) catheters had a lower thrombosis rate than open-ended catheters (2.5% vs 5%, P = 0.015). Hematogenous malignancy had higher infection rates than solid malignancy (10.5% vs 2.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing age, male gender, openended catheters and hematogenous malignancy were risk factors for TIVAD failure. Close-ended catheters had lower thrombosis rates and hematogenous malignancy had higher infection rates.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relevant prognostic factors and their differences between colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of Chinese Han and Hui ethnicities in the Beijing region.
Understanding the controlling factor of groundwater quality can enhance promoting sustainable development of groundwater resources. To this end, multivariate statistical analysis（MA） and hydrochemical analysis were ...Understanding the controlling factor of groundwater quality can enhance promoting sustainable development of groundwater resources. To this end, multivariate statistical analysis（MA） and hydrochemical analysis were introduced in this work. The results indicate that the canonical discriminant function with 7 parameters was established using the discriminant analysis（DA） method, which can afford 100% correct assignation according to the 3 different clusters（good water（GW）, poor water（PW）, and very poor water（VPW）） obtained from cluster analysis（CA）. According to factor analysis（FA）, 8 factors were extracted from 25 hydrochemical elements and account for 80.897% of the total data variance, suggesting that groundwater with higher concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate in southeastern study area are mainly affected by the natural process; the higher level of arsenic and chromium in groundwater extracted from northwestern part of study area are derived by industrial activities; domestic and agriculture sewage have important contribution to copper, iron, iodine, and phosphate in the northern study area. Therefore, this work can help identify the main controlling factor of groundwater quality in North China plain so as to make better and more informed decisions about how to achieve groundwater resources sustainable development.展开更多
In this study,the analytical data set of 26 groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer of Boumerzoug-E1 khroub valley has been processed simultaneously with Multivariate analysis,geostatistical modeling,WQI,and geo...In this study,the analytical data set of 26 groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer of Boumerzoug-E1 khroub valley has been processed simultaneously with Multivariate analysis,geostatistical modeling,WQI,and geochemical modeling.Cluster analysis identified three main water types based on the major ion contents,where mineralization increased from group 1 to group 3.These groups were confirmed by FA/PCA,which demonstrated that groundwater quality is influenced by geochemical processes(water-rock interaction)and human practice(irrigation).The exponential semivariogram model WQI.Groundwater chemistry has a strong spatial structure for Mg,Na,Cl,and NO3,and a moderate spatial structure for EC,Ca,K,HCO3,and SO4.Water quality maps generated using ordinary Kriging are consistent with the HCA and PCA results.All water groups are supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals,and dissolution of kaolinite and Ca-smectite is one of the processes responsible for hydrochemical evolution in the area.展开更多
Multivariate pattern analysis（MVPA） is a recently-developed approach for functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） data analyses.Compared with the traditional univariate methods,MVPA is more sensitive to subtle ...Multivariate pattern analysis（MVPA） is a recently-developed approach for functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） data analyses.Compared with the traditional univariate methods,MVPA is more sensitive to subtle changes in multivariate patterns in fMRI data.In this review,we introduce several significant advances in MVPA applications and summarize various combinations of algorithms and parameters in different problem settings.The limitations of MVPA and some critical questions that need to be addressed in future research are also discussed.展开更多
Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental...Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.展开更多
Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are rou...Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are routinely using spices in China and Pakistan,respectively.The flavour profiles of Sanhuang chicken breast(CB)and its blends with CS and GM were obtained by electronic nose(E-nose),solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME GC-MS)and GC-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS).Principal component analysis(PCA)efficiently discriminated the aroma profiles of three chicken formulations.The GC-chromatographs revealed the significant aroma alterations of chicken breast meat after marination with spices.Aldehydes were the major contributors of chicken aroma,while most of the aromatic hydrocarbons were generated by spices.Almost all chicken key-compounds produced by oxidation reaction were either reduced or eliminated by marination,showing the antioxidation capacity of spices leading to meat preservation.GC-IMS is not only a rapid and comprehensive detection method,but also proved to be more sensitive than GC-MS.The substantial role of both traditional spices in enhancing flavour quality of chicken meat,and their exposure as functional ingredients in Chinese and Pakistan cuisines could lead to the cross-cultural meat trade opportunities.展开更多
Viscum coloratum(Kom.)Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia.The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants,while the ...Viscum coloratum(Kom.)Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia.The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants,while the latter of which is usually overlooked.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of host and habitat on the metabolites in V.coloratum through multiple chemical and biological approaches.The metabolite profile of V.coloratum harvested from three different host plants in two habitats were determined by multiple chemical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS).The differences in antioxidant efficacy of V.coloratum were determined based on multiple in vitro models.The multivariate statistical analysis and data fusion strategy were applied to analyze the differences in metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of V.coloratum.Results indicated that the metabolite profile obtained by various chemical approaches was simultaneously affected by host and environment factors,and the environment plays a key role.Meanwhile,three main differential metabolites between two environment groups were identified.The results of antioxidant assay indicated that the environment has greater effects on the biological activity of V.coloratum than the host.Therefore,we conclude that the integration of various chemical and biological approaches combined with multivariate statistical and data fusion analysis,which can determine the influences of host plant and habitat on the metabolites,is a powerful strategy to control the quality of semi-parasitic herbal medicine.展开更多
To overcome the too fine-grained granularity problem of multivariate grey incidence analysis and to explore the comprehensive incidence analysis model, three multivariate grey incidences degree models based on princip...To overcome the too fine-grained granularity problem of multivariate grey incidence analysis and to explore the comprehensive incidence analysis model, three multivariate grey incidences degree models based on principal component analysis （PCA） are proposed. Firstly, the PCA method is introduced to extract the feature sequences of a behavioral matrix. Then, the grey incidence analysis between two behavioral matrices is transformed into the similarity and nearness measure between their feature sequences. Based on the classic grey incidence analysis theory, absolute and relative incidence degree models for feature sequences are constructed, and a comprehensive grey incidence model is proposed. Furthermore, the properties of models are researched. It proves that the proposed models satisfy the properties of translation invariance, multiple transformation invariance, and axioms of the grey incidence analysis, respectively. Finally, a case is studied. The results illustrate that the model is effective than other multivariate grey incidence analysis models.展开更多
Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid...Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.展开更多
A recent method for assessing the local influence is introduced by Cook(1986), in which the normal curvature of the influence graph based on the likelihood displacement is used to monitor the influence of small pertur...A recent method for assessing the local influence is introduced by Cook(1986), in which the normal curvature of the influence graph based on the likelihood displacement is used to monitor the influence of small perturbation. Since then this method has been applied to various kind of models. However, the local influence in multivariate analysis is still an unexplored area because the influence for many statistics in multivariate analysis is not convenient to handle based on the Cook's likelihood displacement. In this paper, we suggest a method with a slight modification in Cook's approach to assess the local influence of small perturbation on a certain statistic. The local influence of the perturbation on eigenvalue and eigenvector of variance-covariance matrix in theoretical and sample version is assessed, some results for the other statistics in multivariate analysis such as generalized variance, canonical correlations are studied. Finally, two examples are analysed for illustration.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the operative mortality in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Twelve risk factors were analyzed using multivariate discriminant analysis in 90 patients who had been operated ...OBJECTIVE: To estimate the operative mortality in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Twelve risk factors were analyzed using multivariate discriminant analysis in 90 patients who had been operated on. RESULTS: Operative mortality was significantly related to the following factors: age, duration of jaundice, packed RBC volume, white blood cell count and concentration of blood urine nitrogen; it was not significantly related to diseases and types of operation. The following formula was obtained: packed RBC volume×0.09954-age×0. 04018-blood urine nitrogen×0. 23693-duration of jaundice× 2. 07388-WBC count×0. 21118+5. 26593. With this formula, an operative mortality of 77. 8% was predicted. CONCLUSION: With a positive value from the formula, the patient should be operated on; otherwise non-operative treatment is advocated.展开更多
The flower bud of Tussilago farfara L.,also known as Farfarae Flos(FF),is commonly used in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of cough,bronchitis and asthmatic disorders.In this study,26 samples fr...The flower bud of Tussilago farfara L.,also known as Farfarae Flos(FF),is commonly used in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of cough,bronchitis and asthmatic disorders.In this study,26 samples from five provinces across northern China were collected,and internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction(ITS-PCR)coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint profiling was used for the quality evaluation of FF.The results of the ITS sequence analysis showed the high similarity values among these samples.ITS2 sequence exhibited less molecular diversity compared with ITS1,and no obvious correlation was found between the variation of ITS with the production areas or cultivation methods.The results of HPLC fingerprints in combination with the similarity analysis suggested that relative contents of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids varied among the 26 FF samples,and there was also no obvious difference among the different habitats.The phenylpropanoids and the flavonoids showed similar fluctuating patterns,and positive correlation among them was also observed.The results presented in this study suggested that FF from different habits showed high similarities,and ITS-PCR coupled with HPLC fingerprint profiling could be used as a valuable approach for the quality evaluation of FF.展开更多
Objective: In a chromatographic cycle, the adsorption process is a critical unit operation that has a significant impact on downstream processes and, ultimately, the quality of the final products. The development of a...Objective: In a chromatographic cycle, the adsorption process is a critical unit operation that has a significant impact on downstream processes and, ultimately, the quality of the final products. The development of a rapid method to determine the endpoints of adsorption processes in a large-scale manufacturing is of substantial importance for herbal medicine(HM) manufacturers.Methods: In this study, the adsorption of saponins on a macroporous resin column chromatograph, a critical unit operation in Panax notoginseng(Burkill) F.H.Chen injection manufacturing, was considered as an example. The evaluation results of in-line ultraviolet and visible spectra combined with various multivariate analysis methods, including the moving block standard deviation(MBSD), difference between the moving block average and the target spectrum(DMBA-TS), soft-independent modeling of class analogy(SIMCA), and partial least-squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), were compared.Results: MBSD was unsuitable for adsorption processes. The relative standard errors of prediction between the predicted and experimental endpoints were 13.2%, 4.67%, and 5.71% using DMBA-TS, SIMCA, and PLS-DA, respectively.Conclusions: Among the considered analysis methods, SIMCA and PLS-DA were more effective for endpoint determination. The results of this study provide a more comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of various multivariate analysis methods to facilitate the selection of the most suitable method. This study was also conducive to address the issues of the in-line detection of adsorption endpoints to guide practical HM manufacturing.展开更多
A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of...A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San.Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis,and the datasets of sample codes,tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis(PCA).The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups.And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot.The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures.Based on the proposed strategy,quercetin-3-Oneohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside,kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-a-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract.The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids,lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model,and the vinegary extract,exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects,was superior to the aqueous extract.Therefore,boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San.Furthermore,combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation,the five representative markers may be related to the observed antihyperlipidemic effect.展开更多
The effect of Radix Scutellariae treated on type 2 diabetic rats has been investigated by a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） based urinary quantitative approach.In this research,...The effect of Radix Scutellariae treated on type 2 diabetic rats has been investigated by a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） based urinary quantitative approach.In this research,multiple reactions monitoring mode of MS/MS in LC-MS/MS analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the concentrations of 7 endogenous compounds in urine of normal control group,type 2 diabetic model group and Radix Scutellariae-treated group,and multivariate statistical analysis was utilized for MS data processing.The above-mentioned three groups can be distinguished via pattern recognition.The obtained results indicated that Radix Scutellariae affect the urinary metabolic profiling of type 2 diabetic rats on the polyol pathway,protein glycation reaction and amino acids metabolism pathway.According to these results,Radix Scutellariae should have the pharmacological effect on preventing or delaying the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications.展开更多
A novel multivariate similarity clustering analysis (MSCA) approach was used to estimate a biogeographical division scheme for the global terrestrial fauna and was compared against other widely used clustering algorit...A novel multivariate similarity clustering analysis (MSCA) approach was used to estimate a biogeographical division scheme for the global terrestrial fauna and was compared against other widely used clustering algorithms. The faunal dataset included almost all terrestrial and freshwater fauna, a total of 4631 families, 141,814 genera, and 1,334,834 species. Our findings demonstrated that suitable results were only obtained with the MSCA method, which was associated with distinct hierarchies, reasonable structuring, and furthermore, conformed to biogeographical criteria. A total of seven kingdoms and 20 sub-kingdoms were identified. We discovered that the clustering results for the higher and lower animals did not differ significantly, leading us to consider that the analysis result is convincing as the first zoogeographical division scheme for global all terrestrial animals.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project Fund of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of Agriculture,China[Hu Nong Ke Chuang Zi(2021)NO.1-1]the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22015810400 and 23N11900400)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32302522)the National Peach Production System of Agriculture Ministry of China(No.CARS-30)the Project of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Germplasm Preservation and Identificationthe Outstanding Team Program)(No.2022-004).
文摘Using headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),we investigated the composition of volatile compounds in 114 peach germplasms across three harvest seasons(June,July,and August),three types(round peach,nectarine,and flat peach),two flesh colors(white and yellow),three levels of total soluble solids(TSS)content(high,medium,and low),and three categories of single fruit weight(SFW)(large,medium,and small).A total of 41 volatile compounds were identified in all 114 germplasms,including nine volatile categories:aldehydes(15),esters(5),lactones(8),alcohols(3),terpenols(4),ketones(2),phenols(1),alkanes(2),and ether(1).The average contents of the nine volatile types were aldehydes>esters>lactones>alcohols>terpenols>ketones>phenols>alkanes>et hers.Most of the 24 germplasms harvested in June could be clearly distinguished from the 30 germplasms harvested in August in the principal component analysis(PCA)plots(PC1,PC2,and PC3)of the three harvest seasons,which had much better discriminability than hierarchical clustering heatmap.In the PCA plots of the three TSS classifications,considerable separations occurred between 39 high TSS germplasms and 39 low TSS ones.In the PCA plots of classifications of the three SFW,three types,and two flesh colors,germplasms of different categories highly overlapped with each other.In the PCA(PC1 and PC2)loading plots,weights for distinguishing 114 germplasms of the five classifications were all in the order of trans-2-hexenyl acetate>benzaldehyde>methyl benzoate>2-hexenal>hexanal>linalool>hexyl acetate>2-ethylhexanol>γ-decalactone>the other 32 volatile components.
文摘In engineering systems,uncertainties in input parameters can significantly influence the output responses.This paper proposes a model distance-based approach to perform global sensitivity analysis for quantifying the influence of input uncertainties on multiple responses in an engineering system.The sensitivity indices are determined by comparing a reference model that incorporates all system uncertainties,with an altered model,where specific uncertainties are constrained.The proposed framework employs probability distance measures such as Hellinger distance,Kullback-Leibler divergence,and I2 norm which are based on joint probability density functions.The study also demonstrates the equivalence between the l2 norm-based approach and Sobol's analysis in multivariate sensitivity context.The proposed methodology effectively manages correlated random variables,accommodates both Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions,and allows for the grouping of input variables.Ilustrative examples consist of static analysis of a truss system and dynamic analysis of a frame subjected to seismic excitation.The sensitivity indices are estimated using brute-force Monte Carlo simulations.The relative ranking of these sensitivity indices can be utilized to identify the most and least significant variables contributing to the response uncertainty.The numerical results show a consistent ranking of input variables across different probability measures,indicating the robustness of proposed framework.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41001341)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(9152800001000007)+1 种基金Open Fund ofState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science(2011KB12)Basic Scientific Research Expenses Project of Central Universities(2012ZM0082)~~
文摘[Objective] The plankton and macrobenthos samples in municipal polluted river were analyzed by different methods, so as to explore the method suitable for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area. [Method] Shannon-Wiener diversity index, cluster analysis of multivariate statistical analysis and MDS （Non-matric Multi- dimentional Scaling）analysis were used to analyze biological data of phytoplankton, zooplankton and Zoobenthos collected from the representative municipal polluted river in Pearl River Delta. The sediment samples were also collected to determine. Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, as well as CODe, and NH3-N of porewater. Hakanson potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the ecological risk. [Re- suit] Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis results can not effectively reflect the difference of pollution status of various stations in heavy polluted area; despite the presence of some problems, multivariate analysis method is superior to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index method in biological monitoring of heavy polluted river in the city. [Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area.
文摘AIM: To analyze the risk factors for central port failure in cancer patients administered chemotherapy, using univariate and multivariate analyses. METHODS: A total of 1348 totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) were implanted into 1280 cancer patients in this cohort study. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to analyze risk factors for failure of TIVADs. Log-rank test was used to compare actuarial survival rates. Infection, thrombosis, and surgical complication rates (χ2 test or Fisher's exact test) were compared in relation to the risk factors. RESULTS: Increasing age, male gender and openended catheter use were signifi cant risk factors reducing survival of TIVADs as determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Hematogenous malignancy decreased the survival time of TIVADs; this reduction was not statistically signifi cant by univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.336, 95% CI: 0.966-1.849, P = 0.080)]. However, it became a signifi cant risk factor by multivariate analysis (HR = 1.499, 95% CI: 1.079-2.083, P = 0.016) when correlated with variables of age, sex and catheter type. Close-ended (Groshong) catheters had a lower thrombosis rate than open-ended catheters (2.5% vs 5%, P = 0.015). Hematogenous malignancy had higher infection rates than solid malignancy (10.5% vs 2.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing age, male gender, openended catheters and hematogenous malignancy were risk factors for TIVAD failure. Close-ended catheters had lower thrombosis rates and hematogenous malignancy had higher infection rates.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relevant prognostic factors and their differences between colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of Chinese Han and Hui ethnicities in the Beijing region.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program (No. 2010CB428800)the Geological Survey Projects Foundation of Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology (No. SK201308)
文摘Understanding the controlling factor of groundwater quality can enhance promoting sustainable development of groundwater resources. To this end, multivariate statistical analysis（MA） and hydrochemical analysis were introduced in this work. The results indicate that the canonical discriminant function with 7 parameters was established using the discriminant analysis（DA） method, which can afford 100% correct assignation according to the 3 different clusters（good water（GW）, poor water（PW）, and very poor water（VPW）） obtained from cluster analysis（CA）. According to factor analysis（FA）, 8 factors were extracted from 25 hydrochemical elements and account for 80.897% of the total data variance, suggesting that groundwater with higher concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate in southeastern study area are mainly affected by the natural process; the higher level of arsenic and chromium in groundwater extracted from northwestern part of study area are derived by industrial activities; domestic and agriculture sewage have important contribution to copper, iron, iodine, and phosphate in the northern study area. Therefore, this work can help identify the main controlling factor of groundwater quality in North China plain so as to make better and more informed decisions about how to achieve groundwater resources sustainable development.
文摘In this study,the analytical data set of 26 groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer of Boumerzoug-E1 khroub valley has been processed simultaneously with Multivariate analysis,geostatistical modeling,WQI,and geochemical modeling.Cluster analysis identified three main water types based on the major ion contents,where mineralization increased from group 1 to group 3.These groups were confirmed by FA/PCA,which demonstrated that groundwater quality is influenced by geochemical processes(water-rock interaction)and human practice(irrigation).The exponential semivariogram model WQI.Groundwater chemistry has a strong spatial structure for Mg,Na,Cl,and NO3,and a moderate spatial structure for EC,Ca,K,HCO3,and SO4.Water quality maps generated using ordinary Kriging are consistent with the HCA and PCA results.All water groups are supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals,and dissolution of kaolinite and Ca-smectite is one of the processes responsible for hydrochemical evolution in the area.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900366,31070905)
文摘Multivariate pattern analysis（MVPA） is a recently-developed approach for functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） data analyses.Compared with the traditional univariate methods,MVPA is more sensitive to subtle changes in multivariate patterns in fMRI data.In this review,we introduce several significant advances in MVPA applications and summarize various combinations of algorithms and parameters in different problem settings.The limitations of MVPA and some critical questions that need to be addressed in future research are also discussed.
基金supposed by the Program for Science and Technology of Shandong Province (2011GHY11521)the Department of Education of Shandong Province (No. J11LB07)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao City (Nos. 12-1-3-52-(1)-nsh and 12-1-4-16-(7)-jch)
文摘Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32001824, 31972198, 31901816, 31901813, 32001827)
文摘Sanhuang chicken is a popular native breed in China and well-known for delicious flavour.Spices could enhance the chicken meat flavour and work well in preservation.Chinese 5-spice blend(CS)and garam masala(GM)are routinely using spices in China and Pakistan,respectively.The flavour profiles of Sanhuang chicken breast(CB)and its blends with CS and GM were obtained by electronic nose(E-nose),solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME GC-MS)and GC-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS).Principal component analysis(PCA)efficiently discriminated the aroma profiles of three chicken formulations.The GC-chromatographs revealed the significant aroma alterations of chicken breast meat after marination with spices.Aldehydes were the major contributors of chicken aroma,while most of the aromatic hydrocarbons were generated by spices.Almost all chicken key-compounds produced by oxidation reaction were either reduced or eliminated by marination,showing the antioxidation capacity of spices leading to meat preservation.GC-IMS is not only a rapid and comprehensive detection method,but also proved to be more sensitive than GC-MS.The substantial role of both traditional spices in enhancing flavour quality of chicken meat,and their exposure as functional ingredients in Chinese and Pakistan cuisines could lead to the cross-cultural meat trade opportunities.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:30901967)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.:2013020223)Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Student Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.:12)。
文摘Viscum coloratum(Kom.)Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia.The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants,while the latter of which is usually overlooked.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of host and habitat on the metabolites in V.coloratum through multiple chemical and biological approaches.The metabolite profile of V.coloratum harvested from three different host plants in two habitats were determined by multiple chemical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS).The differences in antioxidant efficacy of V.coloratum were determined based on multiple in vitro models.The multivariate statistical analysis and data fusion strategy were applied to analyze the differences in metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of V.coloratum.Results indicated that the metabolite profile obtained by various chemical approaches was simultaneously affected by host and environment factors,and the environment plays a key role.Meanwhile,three main differential metabolites between two environment groups were identified.The results of antioxidant assay indicated that the environment has greater effects on the biological activity of V.coloratum than the host.Therefore,we conclude that the integration of various chemical and biological approaches combined with multivariate statistical and data fusion analysis,which can determine the influences of host plant and habitat on the metabolites,is a powerful strategy to control the quality of semi-parasitic herbal medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71401052)the Key Project of National Social Science Fund of China(12AZD108)+2 种基金the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education(20120094120024)the Philosophy and Social Science Fund of Jiangsu Province Universities(2013SJD630073)the Central University Basic Service Project Fee of Hohai University(2011B09914)
文摘To overcome the too fine-grained granularity problem of multivariate grey incidence analysis and to explore the comprehensive incidence analysis model, three multivariate grey incidences degree models based on principal component analysis （PCA） are proposed. Firstly, the PCA method is introduced to extract the feature sequences of a behavioral matrix. Then, the grey incidence analysis between two behavioral matrices is transformed into the similarity and nearness measure between their feature sequences. Based on the classic grey incidence analysis theory, absolute and relative incidence degree models for feature sequences are constructed, and a comprehensive grey incidence model is proposed. Furthermore, the properties of models are researched. It proves that the proposed models satisfy the properties of translation invariance, multiple transformation invariance, and axioms of the grey incidence analysis, respectively. Finally, a case is studied. The results illustrate that the model is effective than other multivariate grey incidence analysis models.
基金Supported by the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(No.201305043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106134)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2011BAD13B02,2010BAC68B01)
文摘Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.
文摘A recent method for assessing the local influence is introduced by Cook(1986), in which the normal curvature of the influence graph based on the likelihood displacement is used to monitor the influence of small perturbation. Since then this method has been applied to various kind of models. However, the local influence in multivariate analysis is still an unexplored area because the influence for many statistics in multivariate analysis is not convenient to handle based on the Cook's likelihood displacement. In this paper, we suggest a method with a slight modification in Cook's approach to assess the local influence of small perturbation on a certain statistic. The local influence of the perturbation on eigenvalue and eigenvector of variance-covariance matrix in theoretical and sample version is assessed, some results for the other statistics in multivariate analysis such as generalized variance, canonical correlations are studied. Finally, two examples are analysed for illustration.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To estimate the operative mortality in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Twelve risk factors were analyzed using multivariate discriminant analysis in 90 patients who had been operated on. RESULTS: Operative mortality was significantly related to the following factors: age, duration of jaundice, packed RBC volume, white blood cell count and concentration of blood urine nitrogen; it was not significantly related to diseases and types of operation. The following formula was obtained: packed RBC volume×0.09954-age×0. 04018-blood urine nitrogen×0. 23693-duration of jaundice× 2. 07388-WBC count×0. 21118+5. 26593. With this formula, an operative mortality of 77. 8% was predicted. CONCLUSION: With a positive value from the formula, the patient should be operated on; otherwise non-operative treatment is advocated.
基金National Natural Science Foundation China(Grant No.31270008 and 81973466)National Standardization Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34)。
文摘The flower bud of Tussilago farfara L.,also known as Farfarae Flos(FF),is commonly used in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of cough,bronchitis and asthmatic disorders.In this study,26 samples from five provinces across northern China were collected,and internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction(ITS-PCR)coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint profiling was used for the quality evaluation of FF.The results of the ITS sequence analysis showed the high similarity values among these samples.ITS2 sequence exhibited less molecular diversity compared with ITS1,and no obvious correlation was found between the variation of ITS with the production areas or cultivation methods.The results of HPLC fingerprints in combination with the similarity analysis suggested that relative contents of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids varied among the 26 FF samples,and there was also no obvious difference among the different habitats.The phenylpropanoids and the flavonoids showed similar fluctuating patterns,and positive correlation among them was also observed.The results presented in this study suggested that FF from different habits showed high similarities,and ITS-PCR coupled with HPLC fingerprint profiling could be used as a valuable approach for the quality evaluation of FF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104383)National S&T Major Project of China(2012ZX09101201-003)
文摘Objective: In a chromatographic cycle, the adsorption process is a critical unit operation that has a significant impact on downstream processes and, ultimately, the quality of the final products. The development of a rapid method to determine the endpoints of adsorption processes in a large-scale manufacturing is of substantial importance for herbal medicine(HM) manufacturers.Methods: In this study, the adsorption of saponins on a macroporous resin column chromatograph, a critical unit operation in Panax notoginseng(Burkill) F.H.Chen injection manufacturing, was considered as an example. The evaluation results of in-line ultraviolet and visible spectra combined with various multivariate analysis methods, including the moving block standard deviation(MBSD), difference between the moving block average and the target spectrum(DMBA-TS), soft-independent modeling of class analogy(SIMCA), and partial least-squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), were compared.Results: MBSD was unsuitable for adsorption processes. The relative standard errors of prediction between the predicted and experimental endpoints were 13.2%, 4.67%, and 5.71% using DMBA-TS, SIMCA, and PLS-DA, respectively.Conclusions: Among the considered analysis methods, SIMCA and PLS-DA were more effective for endpoint determination. The results of this study provide a more comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of various multivariate analysis methods to facilitate the selection of the most suitable method. This study was also conducive to address the issues of the in-line detection of adsorption endpoints to guide practical HM manufacturing.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(T11036061/T0108).
文摘A novel study using LCeMS(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry)coupled with multivariate data analysis and bioactivity evaluation was established for discrimination of aqueous extract and vinegar extract of Shixiao San.Batches of these two kinds of samples were subjected to analysis,and the datasets of sample codes,tR-m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with principal component analysis(PCA).The result of score plot showed a clear classification of the aqueous and vinegar groups.And the chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out on the loading plot.The identities of the chemical markers were performed by comparing the mass fragments and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or the known compounds published in the literatures.Based on the proposed strategy,quercetin-3-Oneohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeeridoside,kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside,isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2G-a-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside were explored as representative markers in distinguishing the vinegar extract from the aqueous extract.The anti-hyperlipidemic activities of two processed extracts of Shixiao San were examined on serum levels of lipids,lipoprotein and blood antioxidant enzymes in a rat hyperlipidemia model,and the vinegary extract,exerting strong lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects,was superior to the aqueous extract.Therefore,boiling with vinegary was predicted as the greatest processing procedure for anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shixiao San.Furthermore,combining the changes in the metabolic profiling and bioactivity evaluation,the five representative markers may be related to the observed antihyperlipidemic effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373952,81473537)the Jilin province science and technology development projects(No.20150311039YY)
文摘The effect of Radix Scutellariae treated on type 2 diabetic rats has been investigated by a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） based urinary quantitative approach.In this research,multiple reactions monitoring mode of MS/MS in LC-MS/MS analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the concentrations of 7 endogenous compounds in urine of normal control group,type 2 diabetic model group and Radix Scutellariae-treated group,and multivariate statistical analysis was utilized for MS data processing.The above-mentioned three groups can be distinguished via pattern recognition.The obtained results indicated that Radix Scutellariae affect the urinary metabolic profiling of type 2 diabetic rats on the polyol pathway,protein glycation reaction and amino acids metabolism pathway.According to these results,Radix Scutellariae should have the pharmacological effect on preventing or delaying the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications.
文摘A novel multivariate similarity clustering analysis (MSCA) approach was used to estimate a biogeographical division scheme for the global terrestrial fauna and was compared against other widely used clustering algorithms. The faunal dataset included almost all terrestrial and freshwater fauna, a total of 4631 families, 141,814 genera, and 1,334,834 species. Our findings demonstrated that suitable results were only obtained with the MSCA method, which was associated with distinct hierarchies, reasonable structuring, and furthermore, conformed to biogeographical criteria. A total of seven kingdoms and 20 sub-kingdoms were identified. We discovered that the clustering results for the higher and lower animals did not differ significantly, leading us to consider that the analysis result is convincing as the first zoogeographical division scheme for global all terrestrial animals.
