Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industr...Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industry in Shandong province's ability, we make a theoretical analysis framework of a comprehensive in-depth analysis on pull employment, creatively will cost tax rate, fully and completely labor capital and the combination of both the industry development space. So that the industry's ability to pull the employment can be considered, and to realize rapid and sustained development of service industry in Shandong province.展开更多
Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both...Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both regional and national scales.Drawing on these findings,the analysis traces the geographic shift of FFEs and offers evidence-based guidance for shaping foreign investment policy.Design/methodology/approach:This study uses Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)and Inter-Region Input-Output(IRIO)tables to build two extended datasets:Ownership-Extended Inter-Country Input-Output(OE-ICIO)and Ownership-Extended Multi-Region Input-Output(OE-IRIO)tables.These are then combined to construct the Regionally-Ownership Dually-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output(RODE-MRIO)table and Global Domestic and Foreign Enterprises Network(GDFEN)model to explore the industrial relocation trends of FFEs in China.Findings:The results indicate that:(1)From 2010 to 2019,FFEs in China showed an overall decline in influence,profitability,and network robustness.(2)Eastern and developed regions saw a clear retreat of FFEs,with a shift toward domestic control.Central regions and more developed regions played a transitional role.Moreover,western and less developed regions remained stable but still relied on low-end and resource-based activities.(3)FFEs’influence has been gradually shifting towards less-developed central and western provinces due to rising labor costs and stricter environmental regulations.Research limitations:First,only general policy recommendations are proposed,without exploring the design of specific policy instruments.Second,the significant impact of recent trade measures on the behavior of FFEs has not been considered.Third,further research is needed to deepen the analysis by comparing regional ownership dynamics in China with those in other major economies.Practical implications:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional economic development and improve China’s position within Global Value Chains(GVCs).Originality/value:The originality of this paper lies in its development of a new model that combines geographic,sectoral,and ownership dimensions.This model allows for a clearer analysis of the roles of foreign and DFEs in China’s regional economy.It offers insights into industrial transfer trends within global value chains and provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting future shifts.展开更多
An efficient multiregion model is introduced to calculate the electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly electrical conducting （PEC） rough surface with or without a PEC target above it. In the multiregion model, th...An efficient multiregion model is introduced to calculate the electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly electrical conducting （PEC） rough surface with or without a PEC target above it. In the multiregion model, the rough surface is split into multiple regions depending on their position along the rough surface. Two intermediate regions are chosen as the dominant region. If a target is located above the rough surface, the target will also be included in the dominant region. The method of moments （MOM） is only adopted on the dominant region to ensure validity. Hence, the new model can greatly reduce the number of unknowns associated with full MOM analysis. The induced electric currents on the other regions are obtained by approximately considering the mutual coupling between different regions along the rough surface. Compared with the published hybrid method, this new model is not only suitable for EM scattering from a target above a rough surface but also applicable for just rough surfaces. Several numerical simulations are presented to show the validity and efficiency of the multiregion model.展开更多
Under the pressure of sustained growth in energy consumption in China,the implementation of a carbon pricing mechanism is an effective economic policy measure for promoting emission reduction,as well as a hotspot of r...Under the pressure of sustained growth in energy consumption in China,the implementation of a carbon pricing mechanism is an effective economic policy measure for promoting emission reduction,as well as a hotspot of research among scholars and policy makers.In this paper,the effects of carbon prices on Beijing's economy are analyzed using input-output tables.The carbon price costs are levied in accordance with the products'embodied carbon emission.By calculation,given the carbon price rate of 10 RMB/t-CO_2,the total carbon costs of Beijing account for approximately 0.22-0.40%of its gross revenue the same year.Among all industries,construction bears the largest carbon cost Among export sectors,the coal mining and washing industry has much higher export carbon price intensity than other industries.Apart from traditional energy-intensive industries,tertiary industry,which accounts for more than 70%of Beijing's economy,also bears a major carbon cost because of its large economic size.However,from 2007 to 2010,adjustment of the investment structure has reduced the emission intensity in investment sectors,contributing to the reduction of overall emissions and carbon price intensity.展开更多
Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cyc...Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cycle phases. Input-output analysis is not exactly a LCA （life cycle assessment） method in the strict sense of ISO 14040 standards, which must cover all stages of a product＇s life cycle, ＂from the cradle to the grave＂, so to speak. A tiered hybrid LCA is a useful tool that covers all life cycle stages by combining a process analysis with the input-output analysis method. This study aims to extend input-output analysis to the use, disposal, and recycling stages by using matrix-based method. The new method is applied to the analysis of the embodied CO2 emissions of a refrigerator as a case study. The entire life cycle C02 emissions are estimated to be 2.9 tons, including indirect emissions, and the reduction in CO2 emissions due to recycling steel scrap is calculated as 48.5 kg. The authors conclude that the new method enables a consistent inventory analysis for all life cycle stages by combining process and input-output methods.展开更多
Aircraft industry is very important to the economy and security of a country,and aircraft industry clusters have already existed in the world.Based on Input-Output data and Czamanski's method,the aircraft industry...Aircraft industry is very important to the economy and security of a country,and aircraft industry clusters have already existed in the world.Based on Input-Output data and Czamanski's method,the aircraft industry clusters in China and USA were identified quantitatively in this paper.Furthermore,this article carried out comparison analyses of the identification results.The research finds out:1) a mature aircraft industry cluster would be generally composed of 7 industrial subgroups,including aircraft industry,metal making and products manufacturing industry,machinery and equipment industry,electronics industry,automobile industry,material industry and others,and electronics industrial subgroup will play a more and more important role in the cluster;2) in the range of industry-covering,the level of industry-linkage,and the economic performance,there is a tremendously large gap between the aircraft industry cluster of China and that of USA;3) the spatial evolution of these clusters or centers is highly consistent with the diffusion of a country's industrialization.Finally,based on those findings,the paper gives some advice on how to improve Czamanski's method and what China should do to develop its own competitive aircraft industry:1) China should employ institutional innovation,and turn to be market-oriented;2) China should abandon the traditional pattern of closed-development,and strengthen the interaction and collaboration between aircraft industry and related industries,especially the electronics industry;3) China should rectify and perfect its spatial development planning of aircraft industry.展开更多
The paper established a double filtering method (DFM) to visualize the skeleton industrial structure (SIS) of one economy and find its evolution rule. Different with the previous researches, this method is from a new ...The paper established a double filtering method (DFM) to visualize the skeleton industrial structure (SIS) of one economy and find its evolution rule. Different with the previous researches, this method is from a new view of industrial conjunctions combined by leading sectors to depict the industrial structure. It was proved that the leading sector selected by DFM must be key sector selected by Hirschman-Rasmussen method. Applied DFM to input-output tables of China, Japan and USA and MFA to Japan, and USA, the results analysis showed that DFM could overtake the two main shortcomings of minimum flow analysis (MFA), scratch SIS of each economy with its own characteristics, visualize the general evolution rules of the industrial structure with crisscrossed conjunctions among leading sectors.展开更多
The Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)has been losing ice mass and contributing to the rise in the global sea-level(GSL)for the last 4 decades,as quantified by using satellite observations.We developed a framework for implement...The Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)has been losing ice mass and contributing to the rise in the global sea-level(GSL)for the last 4 decades,as quantified by using satellite observations.We developed a framework for implementing the state-of-the-art input-output(IO)method that has the advantage of explicit estimation of the mass balance of individual glaciers,basins and the continent.We estimated the mass balance of the AIS from 2013 to 2018 using improved observations and updated datasets recently made available,including annual ice flow velocity maps from the Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation(ITS_LIVE)dataset,the Bed Machine and the Princess Elizabeth Land(PEL)Earth System Science Data(ESSD)datasets,and the surface mass balance from the RACMO 2.3 system.For example,using the improved ice thickness data,the proposed method for ice discharge estimation enables a 10%reduction of uncertainty in ice discharge.During the period of 2013–2018,an ice discharge acceleration of 6.9±6.5 Gt yr^(–2)in West Antarctica(WA)was detected,which contributed significantly to the estimated mass loss of~1069 Gt(–178.2±108.9 Gt yr^(–1))in the AIS.On the other hand,Queen Maud Land,East Antarctica(EA),showed clearly a mass gain rate of 56.0±10.0 Gt yr^(–1)due to the regional increase in surface mass balance.Our results extended the estimation period by 3 years in comparison to the published study using the same annual velocity maps from the ITS_LIVE dataset.Furthermore,our results,along with those from other studies using the IO method,reassures the acceleration of recent mass loss in WA and Wilkes Land in EA,which are caused by glacier thinning and ice shelf basal melting.Compared with the long-term mass balance record since 1979,our results suggest that the mass loss in AIS accelerated in the last decade.The developed framework can be modified for mass balance estimation of the AIS or for other ice sheets by using velocity maps from other satellite data or from different periods.展开更多
In an open economy,embodied carbon dioxide emissions in international trade should be taken into consideration to scientifically define each country's emissions responsibility.In this study,a multiregional input-o...In an open economy,embodied carbon dioxide emissions in international trade should be taken into consideration to scientifically define each country's emissions responsibility.In this study,a multiregional input-output model is constructed to calculate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 25 World Trade Organization members,including China,according to the producer-consumer shared responsibility principle.The study indicates that:it is fairer and more efficient to identify each country's carbon dioxide emissions responsibility according to the shared responsibility principle;China's producer responsibility is 1.4 times that of the USA,while China's consumer responsibility is only one-tenth that of the USA;according to the producer responsibility principle,China shoulders the greatest responsibility.According to the producerconsumer shared responsibility principle,China's responsibility shows a large decrease.Resource endowment,economic development stage,and trade structure account for the abovementioned changes in China's emissions responsibility.展开更多
In this work, several procedures for the fault detection and isolation （FDI） on general aviation aircraft sensors are presented. In order to provide a comprehensive wide-pectrum treatment, both linear and nonlinear,...In this work, several procedures for the fault detection and isolation （FDI） on general aviation aircraft sensors are presented. In order to provide a comprehensive wide-pectrum treatment, both linear and nonlinear, model-based and data-driven methodologies are considered. The main contributions of the paper are related to the development of both FDI polynomial method （PM） and FDI scheme based on the nonLinear geometric approach （NLGA）. As to the PM, the obtained results highlight a good trade-off between solution complexity and resulting performances. Moreover, the proposed PM is especially useful when robust solutions are required for minimising the effects of modelling errors and noise, while maximising fault sensitivity. As to the NLGA, the proposed work is the first development and robust application of the NLGA to an aircraft model in flight conditions characterised by tight-oupled longitudinal and lateral dynamics. In order to verify the robustness of the residual generators related to the previous FDI techniques, the simulation results adopt a typical aircraft reference trajectory embedding several steady-tate flight conditions, such as straight flight phases and coordinated turns. Moreover, the simulations are performed in the presence of both measurement and modelling errors. Finally, extensive simulations are used for assessing the overall capabilities of the developed FDI schemes and a comparison with neural networks （NN） and unknown input Kalman filter （UIKF） diagnosis methods is performed.展开更多
The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and...The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and analysis.This study initially employs multi-regional input-output(MRIO)data and the social network analysis(SNA)method to delineate the levels and variation trends of this industrial convergence across the RCEP member countries.It then delves into the positive effects of this convergence phenomenon on the trade and investment fields of the member countries.The research findings indicate:(a)In 2006 and 2015,before the implementation of the RCEP,the RCEP member countries displayed a relatively close industrial convergence.The convergence levels exhibited a general upward trend on both the supply and the demand sides,but there were significant disparities in the levels of industrial convergence among the member countries.Furthermore,while the convergence in the three economic sectors showed an increasing trend,the development was uneven across the board.(b)Since the implementation of the RCEP,the trade ties among the member countries within the region have strengthened significantly,and the interplay between the countries’industrial and supply chains has been characterized by high-quality collaboration and demonstrated remarkable resilience.In addition,the convergence in the investment fields of the RCEP member countries and their respective industries has unleashed a wave of positive synergies.These findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a robust foundation for formulating effective policies to advance the growth and prosperity of the RCEP region.展开更多
Research of airport＇ s influence on regional economy is conducted based on system dynamics, combining with input- output method and multiplier effect. SD model was used for visualizing, modeling and simulating airpor...Research of airport＇ s influence on regional economy is conducted based on system dynamics, combining with input- output method and multiplier effect. SD model was used for visualizing, modeling and simulating airport-regional economy system behavior. Model validation using the example of the Xi＇ an airport proved model simulated system behavior accurately. Besides, the result of scenario development simulation provided a new perspective for the practice of airport management and policy-making.展开更多
Lifelines are critical infrastructure systems characterized by a high level of interdependency that can lead to cascading failures after any disaster.Many approaches can be used to analyze infrastructural interdepende...Lifelines are critical infrastructure systems characterized by a high level of interdependency that can lead to cascading failures after any disaster.Many approaches can be used to analyze infrastructural interdependencies,but they are usually not able to describe the sequence of events during emergencies.Therefore,interdependencies need to be modeled also taking into account the time effects.The methodology proposed in this paper is based on a modified version of the Input-output Inoperability Model and returns the probabilities of failure for each node of the system.Lifelines are modeled using graph theory,while perturbations,representing a natural or man-made disaster,are applied to the elements of the network following predetermined rules.The cascading effects among interdependent networks have been simulated using a spatial multilayer approach,while the use of an adjacency tensor allows to consider the temporal dimension and its effects.The method has been tested on a case study based on the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear disaster.Different configurations of the system have been analyzed and their probability of occurrence evaluated.Two models of the nuclear power plant have been developed to evaluate how different spatial scales and levels of detail affect the results.展开更多
There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China＇s energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s. However, few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuat...There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China＇s energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s. However, few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuation in energy intensity during 2002-005. In this paper, we use the structural decomposition analysis （SDA） to decompose energy intensity into five determining factors： Energy input coefficient, technology coefficient （Leontief inverse coefficient）, final demands structure by product, final demands by category and final energy consumption coefficient. We then further decompose two coefficients, energy input coefficient and technology coefficient, into structure and real coefficient. Empirical study is carried out based on the energy-input-output tables from 1987 to 2005 in 2000 constant price. The results show that between 1987 and 2002, energy input structure accounts for most of the decline in energy intensity. However, the input structure and final demands structure by product explain the increase of the energy intensity between 2002 and 2005.展开更多
The development of spatial interactions of land resources enhances virtual built-up land flow,which contributes to China's inter-regional trade inequality.Little is known about the degree of inequality among regio...The development of spatial interactions of land resources enhances virtual built-up land flow,which contributes to China's inter-regional trade inequality.Little is known about the degree of inequality among regions.This work seeks to estimate the degree of inter-regional trade inequality through environmental-economic benefits.We combined a multiregional input-output model at the city level with a new classification to calculate the virtual built-up land flow among cities and analyzed its implications for the regional economy and carbon balance.The results indicate that developed regions were the main beneficiaries of inter-regional trade,as reflected in land-use efficiency.China's economic hub has been progressively shifting southward,and the inter-regional trade inequality has continuously increased.The flow of virtual service industry land among developed regions rose,while underdeveloped regions remained suppliers of raw materials,further increasing inter-regional trade inequality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 15CGL048)
文摘Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industry in Shandong province's ability, we make a theoretical analysis framework of a comprehensive in-depth analysis on pull employment, creatively will cost tax rate, fully and completely labor capital and the combination of both the industry development space. So that the industry's ability to pull the employment can be considered, and to realize rapid and sustained development of service industry in Shandong province.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(72471007)Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation Planning Project(23ZGB005)Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.23YJAZH041).
文摘Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both regional and national scales.Drawing on these findings,the analysis traces the geographic shift of FFEs and offers evidence-based guidance for shaping foreign investment policy.Design/methodology/approach:This study uses Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)and Inter-Region Input-Output(IRIO)tables to build two extended datasets:Ownership-Extended Inter-Country Input-Output(OE-ICIO)and Ownership-Extended Multi-Region Input-Output(OE-IRIO)tables.These are then combined to construct the Regionally-Ownership Dually-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output(RODE-MRIO)table and Global Domestic and Foreign Enterprises Network(GDFEN)model to explore the industrial relocation trends of FFEs in China.Findings:The results indicate that:(1)From 2010 to 2019,FFEs in China showed an overall decline in influence,profitability,and network robustness.(2)Eastern and developed regions saw a clear retreat of FFEs,with a shift toward domestic control.Central regions and more developed regions played a transitional role.Moreover,western and less developed regions remained stable but still relied on low-end and resource-based activities.(3)FFEs’influence has been gradually shifting towards less-developed central and western provinces due to rising labor costs and stricter environmental regulations.Research limitations:First,only general policy recommendations are proposed,without exploring the design of specific policy instruments.Second,the significant impact of recent trade measures on the behavior of FFEs has not been considered.Third,further research is needed to deepen the analysis by comparing regional ownership dynamics in China with those in other major economies.Practical implications:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional economic development and improve China’s position within Global Value Chains(GVCs).Originality/value:The originality of this paper lies in its development of a new model that combines geographic,sectoral,and ownership dimensions.This model allows for a clearer analysis of the roles of foreign and DFEs in China’s regional economy.It offers insights into industrial transfer trends within global value chains and provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting future shifts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60971067)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China (Grant No. 20100203110016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No. K50510070001)
文摘An efficient multiregion model is introduced to calculate the electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly electrical conducting （PEC） rough surface with or without a PEC target above it. In the multiregion model, the rough surface is split into multiple regions depending on their position along the rough surface. Two intermediate regions are chosen as the dominant region. If a target is located above the rough surface, the target will also be included in the dominant region. The method of moments （MOM） is only adopted on the dominant region to ensure validity. Hence, the new model can greatly reduce the number of unknowns associated with full MOM analysis. The induced electric currents on the other regions are obtained by approximately considering the mutual coupling between different regions along the rough surface. Compared with the published hybrid method, this new model is not only suitable for EM scattering from a target above a rough surface but also applicable for just rough surfaces. Several numerical simulations are presented to show the validity and efficiency of the multiregion model.
基金The authors would like to thank Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five Year Plan Period[grant number 2012BAC20B03]Beijing Natural Science Foundation[grant number 9112008]for supporting this research
文摘Under the pressure of sustained growth in energy consumption in China,the implementation of a carbon pricing mechanism is an effective economic policy measure for promoting emission reduction,as well as a hotspot of research among scholars and policy makers.In this paper,the effects of carbon prices on Beijing's economy are analyzed using input-output tables.The carbon price costs are levied in accordance with the products'embodied carbon emission.By calculation,given the carbon price rate of 10 RMB/t-CO_2,the total carbon costs of Beijing account for approximately 0.22-0.40%of its gross revenue the same year.Among all industries,construction bears the largest carbon cost Among export sectors,the coal mining and washing industry has much higher export carbon price intensity than other industries.Apart from traditional energy-intensive industries,tertiary industry,which accounts for more than 70%of Beijing's economy,also bears a major carbon cost because of its large economic size.However,from 2007 to 2010,adjustment of the investment structure has reduced the emission intensity in investment sectors,contributing to the reduction of overall emissions and carbon price intensity.
文摘Input-output analysis is widely employed to analyze inventories of a product＇s embodied energy and environmental burdens. However, input-output analysis focuses only on the production stage and ignores other life cycle phases. Input-output analysis is not exactly a LCA （life cycle assessment） method in the strict sense of ISO 14040 standards, which must cover all stages of a product＇s life cycle, ＂from the cradle to the grave＂, so to speak. A tiered hybrid LCA is a useful tool that covers all life cycle stages by combining a process analysis with the input-output analysis method. This study aims to extend input-output analysis to the use, disposal, and recycling stages by using matrix-based method. The new method is applied to the analysis of the embodied CO2 emissions of a refrigerator as a case study. The entire life cycle C02 emissions are estimated to be 2.9 tons, including indirect emissions, and the reduction in CO2 emissions due to recycling steel scrap is calculated as 48.5 kg. The authors conclude that the new method enables a consistent inventory analysis for all life cycle stages by combining process and input-output methods.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40635026,40801050)Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCXZ-YW-Q10-4)
文摘Aircraft industry is very important to the economy and security of a country,and aircraft industry clusters have already existed in the world.Based on Input-Output data and Czamanski's method,the aircraft industry clusters in China and USA were identified quantitatively in this paper.Furthermore,this article carried out comparison analyses of the identification results.The research finds out:1) a mature aircraft industry cluster would be generally composed of 7 industrial subgroups,including aircraft industry,metal making and products manufacturing industry,machinery and equipment industry,electronics industry,automobile industry,material industry and others,and electronics industrial subgroup will play a more and more important role in the cluster;2) in the range of industry-covering,the level of industry-linkage,and the economic performance,there is a tremendously large gap between the aircraft industry cluster of China and that of USA;3) the spatial evolution of these clusters or centers is highly consistent with the diffusion of a country's industrialization.Finally,based on those findings,the paper gives some advice on how to improve Czamanski's method and what China should do to develop its own competitive aircraft industry:1) China should employ institutional innovation,and turn to be market-oriented;2) China should abandon the traditional pattern of closed-development,and strengthen the interaction and collaboration between aircraft industry and related industries,especially the electronics industry;3) China should rectify and perfect its spatial development planning of aircraft industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71173210
文摘The paper established a double filtering method (DFM) to visualize the skeleton industrial structure (SIS) of one economy and find its evolution rule. Different with the previous researches, this method is from a new view of industrial conjunctions combined by leading sectors to depict the industrial structure. It was proved that the leading sector selected by DFM must be key sector selected by Hirschman-Rasmussen method. Applied DFM to input-output tables of China, Japan and USA and MFA to Japan, and USA, the results analysis showed that DFM could overtake the two main shortcomings of minimum flow analysis (MFA), scratch SIS of each economy with its own characteristics, visualize the general evolution rules of the industrial structure with crisscrossed conjunctions among leading sectors.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0603102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41730102,41771471,41941006&4201101408)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(Grant No.21ZR1469700)supported by the Central University Research Fund。
文摘The Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS)has been losing ice mass and contributing to the rise in the global sea-level(GSL)for the last 4 decades,as quantified by using satellite observations.We developed a framework for implementing the state-of-the-art input-output(IO)method that has the advantage of explicit estimation of the mass balance of individual glaciers,basins and the continent.We estimated the mass balance of the AIS from 2013 to 2018 using improved observations and updated datasets recently made available,including annual ice flow velocity maps from the Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation(ITS_LIVE)dataset,the Bed Machine and the Princess Elizabeth Land(PEL)Earth System Science Data(ESSD)datasets,and the surface mass balance from the RACMO 2.3 system.For example,using the improved ice thickness data,the proposed method for ice discharge estimation enables a 10%reduction of uncertainty in ice discharge.During the period of 2013–2018,an ice discharge acceleration of 6.9±6.5 Gt yr^(–2)in West Antarctica(WA)was detected,which contributed significantly to the estimated mass loss of~1069 Gt(–178.2±108.9 Gt yr^(–1))in the AIS.On the other hand,Queen Maud Land,East Antarctica(EA),showed clearly a mass gain rate of 56.0±10.0 Gt yr^(–1)due to the regional increase in surface mass balance.Our results extended the estimation period by 3 years in comparison to the published study using the same annual velocity maps from the ITS_LIVE dataset.Furthermore,our results,along with those from other studies using the IO method,reassures the acceleration of recent mass loss in WA and Wilkes Land in EA,which are caused by glacier thinning and ice shelf basal melting.Compared with the long-term mass balance record since 1979,our results suggest that the mass loss in AIS accelerated in the last decade.The developed framework can be modified for mass balance estimation of the AIS or for other ice sheets by using velocity maps from other satellite data or from different periods.
文摘In an open economy,embodied carbon dioxide emissions in international trade should be taken into consideration to scientifically define each country's emissions responsibility.In this study,a multiregional input-output model is constructed to calculate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 25 World Trade Organization members,including China,according to the producer-consumer shared responsibility principle.The study indicates that:it is fairer and more efficient to identify each country's carbon dioxide emissions responsibility according to the shared responsibility principle;China's producer responsibility is 1.4 times that of the USA,while China's consumer responsibility is only one-tenth that of the USA;according to the producer responsibility principle,China shoulders the greatest responsibility.According to the producerconsumer shared responsibility principle,China's responsibility shows a large decrease.Resource endowment,economic development stage,and trade structure account for the abovementioned changes in China's emissions responsibility.
文摘In this work, several procedures for the fault detection and isolation （FDI） on general aviation aircraft sensors are presented. In order to provide a comprehensive wide-pectrum treatment, both linear and nonlinear, model-based and data-driven methodologies are considered. The main contributions of the paper are related to the development of both FDI polynomial method （PM） and FDI scheme based on the nonLinear geometric approach （NLGA）. As to the PM, the obtained results highlight a good trade-off between solution complexity and resulting performances. Moreover, the proposed PM is especially useful when robust solutions are required for minimising the effects of modelling errors and noise, while maximising fault sensitivity. As to the NLGA, the proposed work is the first development and robust application of the NLGA to an aircraft model in flight conditions characterised by tight-oupled longitudinal and lateral dynamics. In order to verify the robustness of the residual generators related to the previous FDI techniques, the simulation results adopt a typical aircraft reference trajectory embedding several steady-tate flight conditions, such as straight flight phases and coordinated turns. Moreover, the simulations are performed in the presence of both measurement and modelling errors. Finally, extensive simulations are used for assessing the overall capabilities of the developed FDI schemes and a comparison with neural networks （NN） and unknown input Kalman filter （UIKF） diagnosis methods is performed.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of the humanities and social sciences project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission entitled“Research on the Integrated Development of the Digital Economy and Manufacturing Industry in Chongqing under the Development Paradigm of Dual Circulation”(Project No.:21SKGH229).
文摘The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and analysis.This study initially employs multi-regional input-output(MRIO)data and the social network analysis(SNA)method to delineate the levels and variation trends of this industrial convergence across the RCEP member countries.It then delves into the positive effects of this convergence phenomenon on the trade and investment fields of the member countries.The research findings indicate:(a)In 2006 and 2015,before the implementation of the RCEP,the RCEP member countries displayed a relatively close industrial convergence.The convergence levels exhibited a general upward trend on both the supply and the demand sides,but there were significant disparities in the levels of industrial convergence among the member countries.Furthermore,while the convergence in the three economic sectors showed an increasing trend,the development was uneven across the board.(b)Since the implementation of the RCEP,the trade ties among the member countries within the region have strengthened significantly,and the interplay between the countries’industrial and supply chains has been characterized by high-quality collaboration and demonstrated remarkable resilience.In addition,the convergence in the investment fields of the RCEP member countries and their respective industries has unleashed a wave of positive synergies.These findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a robust foundation for formulating effective policies to advance the growth and prosperity of the RCEP region.
文摘Research of airport＇ s influence on regional economy is conducted based on system dynamics, combining with input- output method and multiplier effect. SD model was used for visualizing, modeling and simulating airport-regional economy system behavior. Model validation using the example of the Xi＇ an airport proved model simulated system behavior accurately. Besides, the result of scenario development simulation provided a new perspective for the practice of airport management and policy-making.
基金the European Research Council under the Grant agreement no.ERC_IDEAL RESCUE_637842 of the project IDEAL RESCUE_Integrated Design and Control of Sustainable Communities during Emergencies.
文摘Lifelines are critical infrastructure systems characterized by a high level of interdependency that can lead to cascading failures after any disaster.Many approaches can be used to analyze infrastructural interdependencies,but they are usually not able to describe the sequence of events during emergencies.Therefore,interdependencies need to be modeled also taking into account the time effects.The methodology proposed in this paper is based on a modified version of the Input-output Inoperability Model and returns the probabilities of failure for each node of the system.Lifelines are modeled using graph theory,while perturbations,representing a natural or man-made disaster,are applied to the elements of the network following predetermined rules.The cascading effects among interdependent networks have been simulated using a spatial multilayer approach,while the use of an adjacency tensor allows to consider the temporal dimension and its effects.The method has been tested on a case study based on the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear disaster.Different configurations of the system have been analyzed and their probability of occurrence evaluated.Two models of the nuclear power plant have been developed to evaluate how different spatial scales and levels of detail affect the results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.70871108, 70810107020
文摘There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China＇s energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s. However, few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuation in energy intensity during 2002-005. In this paper, we use the structural decomposition analysis （SDA） to decompose energy intensity into five determining factors： Energy input coefficient, technology coefficient （Leontief inverse coefficient）, final demands structure by product, final demands by category and final energy consumption coefficient. We then further decompose two coefficients, energy input coefficient and technology coefficient, into structure and real coefficient. Empirical study is carried out based on the energy-input-output tables from 1987 to 2005 in 2000 constant price. The results show that between 1987 and 2002, energy input structure accounts for most of the decline in energy intensity. However, the input structure and final demands structure by product explain the increase of the energy intensity between 2002 and 2005.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871179)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant(No.2024M751047).
文摘The development of spatial interactions of land resources enhances virtual built-up land flow,which contributes to China's inter-regional trade inequality.Little is known about the degree of inequality among regions.This work seeks to estimate the degree of inter-regional trade inequality through environmental-economic benefits.We combined a multiregional input-output model at the city level with a new classification to calculate the virtual built-up land flow among cities and analyzed its implications for the regional economy and carbon balance.The results indicate that developed regions were the main beneficiaries of inter-regional trade,as reflected in land-use efficiency.China's economic hub has been progressively shifting southward,and the inter-regional trade inequality has continuously increased.The flow of virtual service industry land among developed regions rose,while underdeveloped regions remained suppliers of raw materials,further increasing inter-regional trade inequality.
