Lead-free double perovskites have gained recognition as top luminescent materials due to their environmental friendliness,high chemical stability,structural adjustability,and excellent photoelectric properties.However...Lead-free double perovskites have gained recognition as top luminescent materials due to their environmental friendliness,high chemical stability,structural adjustability,and excellent photoelectric properties.However,the poor modulation of emission restricts their applications,and it is highly desirable to explore stable and efficient double perovskites with multimode luminescence and adjustable spectra for multifunctional photoelectric applications.Herein,the rare earth ions Ln^(3+)(Er^(3+)and Ho^(3+))-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)crystals were synthesized by a simple solvothermal route.The X-ray diffraction pattern(XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and elemental mapping images demonstrate that the Sb^(3+),Er^(3+),and Ho^(3+)ions have been homogeneously incorporated into the Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)crystals.As anticipated,the emissio n spectra of Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)are composed of two bands.One broad blue band derives from self-trapped exciton(STE)in[SbCl_(6)]3-octahedra while another group of emission peaks stems from the f-f transitions of Ln^(3+)ions.The emission colors of Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)phosphors can be tuned in a wide range by modulating the doping concentrations of Ln^(3+)ions.The efficient energy transfer from STE to Ln^(3+)is the key point to achieving the efficient and tunable emissions Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)samples.Interestingly,Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)can also exhibit characteristic up-conversion luminescence of Ln^(3+)under nearinfrared(NIR)excitation besides the down-conversion luminescence,revealing that the materials may have potential applicability in multimode anti-counterfeiting and information encryption applications.Furthermore,the light emitting diodes(LEDs)assembled by Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)and Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)phosphors display dazzling blue,green,and red emissions under a forward bias current,which indicates that the as-obtained double perovskites materials may have great potential in solid-state lighting and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimental...This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimentally measured multi-tem-perature transmission matrix,a set of temperature principal modes that exhibit resilience to disturbances caused by tem-perature fluctuations can be generated.Reversing this concept also allows the construction of temperature anti-principal modes,with output profiles more susceptible to temperature influences than the unmodulated wavefront.Despite changes in the length of the multimode fiber within the temperature-fluctuating region,the proposed approach remains capable of robustly controlling the temperature response within the fiber.To illustrate the practicality of the proposed spe-cial state,a learning-empowered fiber specklegram temperature sensor based on temperature anti-principal mode sensi-tization is proposed.This sensor exhibits outstanding superiority over traditional approaches in terms of resolution and accuracy.These novel states are anticipated to have wide-ranging applications in fiber communication,sensing,imaging,and spectroscopy,and serve as a source of inspiration for the discovery of other novel states.展开更多
Multiphase flows widely exist in various scientific and engineering fields,and strongly compressible multiphase flows commonly occur in practical applications,which makes them an important part of computational fluid ...Multiphase flows widely exist in various scientific and engineering fields,and strongly compressible multiphase flows commonly occur in practical applications,which makes them an important part of computational fluid dynamics.In this study,an axisymmetric adaptive multiresolution smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)model is proposed to solve various strongly compressible multiphase flow problems.In the present model,the governing equations are discretized in cylindrical polar coordinates,and an improved volume adaptive scheme is developed to better solve the problem of excessive volume change in strongly compressible multiphase flows.On this basis,combined with the adaptive particle refinement technique,an adaptive multiresolution scheme is proposed in this study.In addition,the high-order differential operator and diffusion correction term are utilized to improve the accuracy and stability.The effectiveness of the model is verified by testing four typical strongly compressible multiphase flow problems.By comparing the results of adaptive multiresolution SPH with other numerical results or experimental data,we can conclude that the present SPH method effectively models strongly compressible multiphase flows.展开更多
We proposed and demonstrated the ultra-compact 1310/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer assisted by subwavelength grating(SWG)using particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platfo...We proposed and demonstrated the ultra-compact 1310/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer assisted by subwavelength grating(SWG)using particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.Through the self-imaging effect of multimode interference(MMI)coupler,the demultiplexing function for 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths is implemented.After that,three parallel SWG-based slots are inserted into the MMI section so that the effective refractive index of the modes can be engineered and thus the beat length can be adjusted.Importantly,these three SWG slots significantly reduce the length of the device,which is much shorter than the length of traditional MMI-based wavelength demultiplexers.Ultimately,by using the PSO algorithm,the equivalent refractive index and width of the SWG in a certain range are optimized to achieve the best performance of the wavelength demultiplexer.It has been verified that the device footprint is only 2×30.68μm^(2),and 1 dB bandwidths of larger than 120 nm are acquired at 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths.Meanwhile,the transmitted spectrum shows that the insertion loss(IL)values are below 0.47 dB at both wavelengths when the extinction ratio(ER)values are above 12.65 dB.This inverse design approach has been proved to be efficient in increasing bandwidth and reducing device length.展开更多
There remains debate on whether Mn is beneficial or detrimental to hydrogen embrittlement in stainless steel.In this work,a series of stainless steels were designed to study the change of hydrogen embrittlement sensit...There remains debate on whether Mn is beneficial or detrimental to hydrogen embrittlement in stainless steel.In this work,a series of stainless steels were designed to study the change of hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity,crack propagation,and hydrogen trapping behaviors upon Mn addition.The results suggest that adding 4 wt.% Mn increased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility,whereas adding 8 wt.% Mn decreased hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity.Forming banded α’-martensite through austenitic grain is the main reason for the increased hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity when adding 4 wt.%Mn,by adsorbing hydrogen,promoting crack initiation,and accelerating crack propagation.展开更多
Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was establi...Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was established.This model introduced the new concepts,such as particle temperature and particle entropy,to describe energy dissipation at meso-level.This model used a potential energy density function and migration coefficients to establish the corresponding connection between the dissipative force and dissipative flow.This viewpoint unifies the deformation,seepage,and suspended substance migration of geotechnical materials under the framework of granular thermodynamics.It can reflect the evolution of effective stress in the solid matrix of multi-components in a particle-reorganized state,and considers the temperature driving effect.The proposed CMF model is validated using the experimental results under coupled migration of heavy metal ions(HMs)and suspended particles(SPs).The calculation results demonstrated that the CMF model can describe the flow process under the conditions of arbitrary changes in different suspended substance types,injection concentrations,and injection velocities.展开更多
Powder-Fueled Water Ramjet Engine(PFWRE)is of great attraction for high-speed and long-voyage underwater propulsion,as well as air–water trans-media navigation applications due to its high energy density and thrust a...Powder-Fueled Water Ramjet Engine(PFWRE)is of great attraction for high-speed and long-voyage underwater propulsion,as well as air–water trans-media navigation applications due to its high energy density and thrust adjustability.However,the complex multiphase combustion process in the combustor significantly affects engine performance.In this study,a detailed model for aluminum particle combustion in water vapor is developed and validated via literature data as well as the ground direct-connected test we conducted.Thereafter,the numerical study on the multiphase combustion process inside the aluminum-based PFWRE combustor is carried out within the Euler–Lagrange framework using the developed model.Results show that a reverse rotating vortex pair before the primary water injection causes particles to flow back towards the combustor head and leads to product deposition.Aluminum particles external to the powder jet have shorter preheating time than internal particles and burn out in advance.The analysis of the particle combustion process indicates that the flame structure inside the combustor consists of the particle preheating zone,the surface combustion heat release zone,the gas-phase combustion heat release zone,and the post-flame zone.In the present configuration,as the particle size increases from 10μm to 20μm,the preheating zone length increases from 35 mm to 85 mm.Meanwhile,heat release from gas-phase combustion decreases,and the average temperature of the combustor head first increases and then decreases.This study not only provides insight into the multiphase combustion characteristics of the aluminum-based PFWRE combustor but also offers guidance for the design of the combustion organization schemes and engine structure optimization.展开更多
For the advancement of fast-charging sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),the synthesis of cutting-edge cathode materials with superior structural stability and enhanced Na+diffusion kinetics is imperative.Multiphase layered tr...For the advancement of fast-charging sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),the synthesis of cutting-edge cathode materials with superior structural stability and enhanced Na+diffusion kinetics is imperative.Multiphase layered transition metal oxides(LTMOs),which leverage the synergistic properties of two distinct monophasic LTMOs,have garnered significant attention;however,their efficacy under fast-charging conditions remains underexplored.In this study,we developed a high-throughput computational screening framework to identify optimal dopants that maximize the electrochemical performance of LTMOs.Specifically,we evaluated the efficacy of 32 dopants based on P2/O3-type Mn/Fe-based Na_(x)Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(2)(NMFO)cathode material.Multiphase LTMOs satisfying criteria for thermodynamic and structural stability,minimized phase transitions,and enhanced Na^(+)diffusion were systematically screened for their suitability in fast-charging applications.The analysis identified two dopants,Ti and Zr,which met all predefined screening criteria.Furthermore,we ranked and scored dopants based on their alignment with these criteria,establishing a comprehensive dopant performance database.These findings provide a robust foundation for experimental exploration and offer detailed guidelines for tailoring dopants to optimize fast-charging SIBs.展开更多
To improve locomotion and operation integration, this paper presents an integrated leg-arm quadruped robot(ILQR) that has a reconfigurable joint. First, the reconfigurable joint is designed and assembled at the end of...To improve locomotion and operation integration, this paper presents an integrated leg-arm quadruped robot(ILQR) that has a reconfigurable joint. First, the reconfigurable joint is designed and assembled at the end of the legarm chain. When the robot performs a task, reconfigurable configuration and mode switching can be achieved using this joint. In contrast from traditional quadruped robots, this robot can stack in a designated area to optimize the occupied volume in a nonworking state. Kinematics modeling and dynamics modeling are established to evaluate the mechanical properties for multiple modes. All working modes of the robot are classified, which can be defined as deployable mode, locomotion mode and operation mode. Based on the stability margin and mechanical modeling, switching analysis and evaluation between each mode is carried out. Finally, the prototype experimental results verify the function realization and switching stability of multimode and provide a design method to integrate and perform multimode for quadruped robots with deployable characteristics.展开更多
A multiphase field model coupled with a lattice Boltzmann(PF-LBM)model is proposed to simulate the distribution mechanism of bubbles and solutes at the solid-liquid interface,the interaction between dendrites and bubb...A multiphase field model coupled with a lattice Boltzmann(PF-LBM)model is proposed to simulate the distribution mechanism of bubbles and solutes at the solid-liquid interface,the interaction between dendrites and bubbles,and the effects of different temperatures,anisotropic strengths and tilting angles on the solidified organization of the SCN-0.24wt.%butanedinitrile alloy during the solidification process.The model adopts a multiphase field model to simulate the growth of dendrites,calculates the growth motions of dendrites based on the interfacial solute equilibrium;and adopts a lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)based on the Shan-Chen multiphase flow to simulate the growth and motions of bubbles in the liquid phase,which includes the interaction between solid-liquid-gas phases.The simulation results show that during the directional growth of columnar dendrites,bubbles first precipitate out slowly at the very bottom of the dendrites,and then rise up due to the different solid-liquid densities and pressure differences.The bubbles will interact with the dendrite in the process of flow migration,such as extrusion,overflow,fusion and disappearance.In the case of wide gaps in the dendrite channels,bubbles will fuse to form larger irregular bubbles,and in the case of dense channels,bubbles will deform due to the extrusion of dendrites.In the simulated region,as the dendrites converge and diverge,the bubbles precipitate out of the dendrites by compression and diffusion,which also causes physical phenomena such as fusion and spillage of the bubbles.These results reveal the physical mechanisms of bubble nucleation,growth and kinematic evolution during solidification and interaction with dendrite growth.展开更多
Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body,enabling non-invasive,rapid diagnosis and treatm...Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body,enabling non-invasive,rapid diagnosis and treatment.Optical fiber endoscopy is highly competitive among various endoscopic imaging techniques due to its high flexibility,compact structure,excellent resolution,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Over the past decade,endoscopes based on a single multimode optical fiber(MMF)have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential to significantly reduce the footprint of optical fiber endoscopes and enhance imaging capabilities.In comparison with other imaging principles of MMF endoscopes,the scanning imaging method based on the wavefront shaping technique is highly developed and provides benefits including excellent imaging contrast,broad applicability to complex imaging scenarios,and good compatibility with various well-established scanning imaging modalities.In this review,various technical routes to achieve light focusing through MMF and procedures to conduct the scanning imaging of MMF endoscopes are introduced.The advancements in imaging performance enhancements,integrations of various imaging modalities with MMF scanning endoscopes,and applications are summarized.Challenges specific to this endoscopic imaging technology are analyzed,and potential remedies and avenues for future developments are discussed.展开更多
The detection of the state of polarization(SOP)of light is essential for many optical applications.However,cost-effective SOP measurement is a challenge due to the complexity of conventional methods and the poor trans...The detection of the state of polarization(SOP)of light is essential for many optical applications.However,cost-effective SOP measurement is a challenge due to the complexity of conventional methods and the poor transferability of new methods.We propose a straightforward,low-cost,and portable SOP measurement system based on the multimode fiber speckle.A convolutional neural network is utilized to establish the mapping relationship between speckle and Stokes parameters.The lowest root-mean-square error of the estimated SOP on the Poincarésphere can be 0.0042.This method is distinguished by its low cost,clear structure,and applicability to different wavelengths with high precision.The proposed method is of great value in polarization-related applications.展开更多
A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for...A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for use in fiber optics communication systems.The fabricated device exhibits low loss and good coupling uniformity.The excess loss is lower than 0 8dB,and the uniformity is 0 45dB at the wavelength of 1550nm.Moreover,the polarization dependent loss is lower than 0 7dB at 1550nm.The device size is only 2mm×10mm.展开更多
A 3D mathematical model was proposed to investigate the molten steel–slag–air multiphase flow in a two-strand slab continuous casting(CC)tundish during ladle change.The study focused on the exposure of the molten st...A 3D mathematical model was proposed to investigate the molten steel–slag–air multiphase flow in a two-strand slab continuous casting(CC)tundish during ladle change.The study focused on the exposure of the molten steel and the subsequent reoxidation occurrence.The exposure of the molten steel was calculated using the coupled realizable k–εmodel and volume of fluid(VOF)model.The diffusion of dissolved oxygen was determined by solving the user-defined scalar(UDS)equation.Moreover,the user-defined function(UDF)was used to describe the source term in the UDS equation and determine the oxidation rate and oxidation position.The effect of the refilling speed on the molten steel exposure and dissolved oxygen content was also discussed.Increasing the refilling speed during ladle change reduced the refilling time and the exposure duration of the molten steel.However,the elevated refilling speed enlarged the slag eyes and increased the average dissolved oxygen content within the tundish,thereby exacerbating the reoxidation phenomenon.In addition,the time required for the molten steel with a high dissolved oxygen content to exit the tundish varied with the refilling speed.When the inlet speed was 3.0 m·s^(-1)during ladle change,the molten steel with a high dissolved oxygen content exited the outlet in a short period,reaching a maximum dissolved oxygen content of 0.000525wt%.Conversely,when the inlet speed was 1.8 m·s^(-1),the maximum dissolved oxygen content was 0.000382wt%.The refilling speed during the ladle change process must be appropriately decreased to minimize reoxidation effects and enhance the steel product quality.展开更多
This paper aims to tackle the calculation efficiency problem raised in the cavitation-flow simulation of the aviation centrifugal pump due to the fading-away interface resulting from the dissipation of numerics used i...This paper aims to tackle the calculation efficiency problem raised in the cavitation-flow simulation of the aviation centrifugal pump due to the fading-away interface resulting from the dissipation of numerics used in the phase-change control equation for unstructured-grid multiphase flow,and due to the limitation of flow time-step in whole flow regimes,the control equation of vapor–liquid two-phase flow considering cavitation mass transport is established firstly,modifying the momentum equation by introducing the surface tension,and adding the artificial convective flow to the phase equation to solve the numerical dissipation problem.Secondly,in consideration of the local time step principle and based on the multi-dimensional general limiter algorithm with explicit solutions under the OpenFOAM platform,a solution method of steady-state VOF (Volume of Fluid) model considering cavitation two-phase change is constructed,and the feasibility of this method is verified by NACA hydrofoil and NASA flat plate inducer.Finally,based on the platform developed,the cavitation performance of an aviation centrifugal pump inducer is analyzed.The research results show that the error of the calculated cavitation pressure distribution for NACA hydrofoil between the simulation test and the experimental-test is less than 5%,and the maximum error of calculated cavitation number at pump head dropping for NASA high-speed flat plate inducer between the simulation test and the experimental-test is 2.1%.The cavitation area observed in the simulation test is the same as that obtained in the high-speed photography test.Based on the OpenFOAM simulation method,the position of pump head dropping of the fuel centrifugal pump can be accurately captured.The error of the calculated cavitation number at pump head dropping between the simulation test and the experimental test is about 3.7%,showing high calculation accuracy.展开更多
Macrosegregation is a critical factor that limits the mechanical properties of materials.The impact of equiaxed crystal sedimentation on macrosegregation has been extensively studied,as it plays a significant role in ...Macrosegregation is a critical factor that limits the mechanical properties of materials.The impact of equiaxed crystal sedimentation on macrosegregation has been extensively studied,as it plays a significant role in determining the distribution of alloying elements and impurities within a material.To improve macrosegregation in steel connecting shafts,a multiphase solidification model that couples melt flow,heat transfer,microstructure evolution,and solute transport was established based on the volume-averaged Eulerian-Eulerian approach.In this model,the effects of liquid phase,equiaxed crystals,columnar dendrites,and columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET)during solidification and evolution of microstructure can be considered simultaneously.The sedimentation of equiaxed crystals contributes to negative macrosegregation,where regions between columnar dendrites and equiaxed crystals undergo significant A-type positive macrosegregation due to the CET.Additionally,noticeable positive macrosegregation occurs in the area of final solidification in the ingot.The improvement in macrosegregation is beneficial for enhancing the mechanical properties of connecting shafts.To mitigate the thermal convection of molten steel resulting from excessive superheating,reducing the superheating during casting without employing external fields or altering the design of the ingot mold is indeed an effective approach to control macrosegregation.展开更多
Multiphase microstructure significantly increases the strength,usually at the expense of flangeability because of lacking microstructure homogeneity.To further improve the strength-flangeability of multiphase steel,th...Multiphase microstructure significantly increases the strength,usually at the expense of flangeability because of lacking microstructure homogeneity.To further improve the strength-flangeability of multiphase steel,the microstructural homogeneity was advanced by adjusting the hard martensite/austenite(M/A)islands.The strength-flangeability was measured via uniaxial tensile tests and hole expansion tests.Their microstructures were characterized using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector and a transmission electron microscope.Nanoindentation tests were supplementally used to quantitatively reveal the microstructural homogeneity of the steels.Results show that the adjusted multiphase steel achieves an excellent ultimate tensile strength(~800 MPa)and flangeability(~135%hole expansion ratio).A promising homogeneous multiphase microstructure was obtained by controlling undercooled austenite transformed at about 600℃.This microstructure consists of soft polygonal ferrite,blocky bainitic ferrite,and hard M/A islands.The volume fraction of M/A islands is around 5%,and the average size is less than l pm.Detailed nanoindentation analysis indicated that the participation of M/A islands impressively influenced the microstructural homogeneity.Weakened strain partition and better mechanical compatibility were present in the adjusted multiphase steel since the plasticity initiation started late,which resulted in a positive flangeability.Moreover,avoiding M/A islands distributed in the chain along the rolling direction on the matrix hindered the possibility of voids coalescing into cracks and stabilized the flanging performance.展开更多
Multiphase design is a promising approach to achieve superior ablation resistance of multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic,while understanding the ablation mechanism is the foundation.Here,through investigatin...Multiphase design is a promising approach to achieve superior ablation resistance of multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic,while understanding the ablation mechanism is the foundation.Here,through investigating a three-phase multicomponent ceramic consisting of Hf-rich carbide,Nb-rich carbide,and Zr-rich silicide phases,we report a newly discovered solid-state reaction process among multiphase multicomponent ceramic during ablation.It was found that this solid-state reaction occurred in the matrix/oxide scale interface region.In this process,metal cations are counter-diffused between the multicomponent phases,thereby resulting in their composition evolution,which allows the multicomponent phases to exist stably under a higher oxygen partial pressure,leading to the improvement of thermodynamic stability of three-phase multicomponent ceramic.Additionally,this solid-state reaction process appears synergistic with the preferential oxidation behavior among the oxide scale in enhancing the ablation performance.展开更多
Stainless steels are used in a wide range of complex environments due to their excellent corrosion resistance.Multiphase stainless steels can offer an excellent combination of strength,toughness and corrosion resistan...Stainless steels are used in a wide range of complex environments due to their excellent corrosion resistance.Multiphase stainless steels can offer an excellent combination of strength,toughness and corrosion resistance due to the coexistence of different microstructures.The microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel cast multiphase stainless steel,composed of martensite,ferrite,and austenite,were investigated following appropriate heat treatment processes:solution treatment at 1,050℃ for 0.5 h followed by water quenching to room temperature,and aging treatment at 500℃ for 4 h followed by water quenching to room temperature.Results show reversed austenite is formed by diffusion of Ni element during aging process,and the enrichment of Ni atoms directly determines the mechanical stability of austenite.The austenite with a lower Ni content undergoes a martensitic transformation during plastic deformation.The tensile strength of the specimen exceeds 1,100 MPa and the elongation exceeds 24%after solid solution,and further increases to 1,247 MPa and 25%after aging treatment.This enhancement is due to the TRIP effect of austenite and the precipitation of the nanoscale G-phase pinning dislocations in ferrite and martensite.展开更多
During perfusion culture,the growth of bone tissues in the scaffold was closely related to the locations of initial adhered cells and their density.In this study,the fluid mechanical responses of Voronoi-lattice scaff...During perfusion culture,the growth of bone tissues in the scaffold was closely related to the locations of initial adhered cells and their density.In this study,the fluid mechanical responses of Voronoi-lattice scaffolds and initial adhered cells on scaffolds were quantitatively investigated.Multiphase fluid-structure interaction(FSI)model was verified by comparing with the results of Diamond scaffolds culture in the literature.Fluid mechanical responses of Voronoi-lattice scaffolds and cells were analyzed by multiphase FSI model.Regression equations were established by response surface method(RSM)to determine relationships between structural design factors of Voronoi-lattice scaffolds and fluid mechanical response parameters of scaffolds and cells.The results showed that the percentage of adhered cells and the locations of initial adhered cells obtained by multiphase FSI model of Diamond scaffolds had the same trend with that obtained by perfusion culture.Regression equations established based on RSM could well predict the fluid mechanical response parameters of Voronoi-scaffolds and cells.The multiphase FSI model closely related the densities of cells and the locations of adhered cells to bone tissue growth.The model could provide a certain theoretical basis for constructing and culturing engineered bone tissues in vitro perfusion.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2023201108,B2024201076)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021201038)+3 种基金333 Talent Project Fund of Hebei Province(C20221015)National High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan(G2022003007L)Hebei Province Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project(JZX2023001)Hebei Province Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan Project(22567632H)。
文摘Lead-free double perovskites have gained recognition as top luminescent materials due to their environmental friendliness,high chemical stability,structural adjustability,and excellent photoelectric properties.However,the poor modulation of emission restricts their applications,and it is highly desirable to explore stable and efficient double perovskites with multimode luminescence and adjustable spectra for multifunctional photoelectric applications.Herein,the rare earth ions Ln^(3+)(Er^(3+)and Ho^(3+))-doped Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)crystals were synthesized by a simple solvothermal route.The X-ray diffraction pattern(XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and elemental mapping images demonstrate that the Sb^(3+),Er^(3+),and Ho^(3+)ions have been homogeneously incorporated into the Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6)crystals.As anticipated,the emissio n spectra of Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)are composed of two bands.One broad blue band derives from self-trapped exciton(STE)in[SbCl_(6)]3-octahedra while another group of emission peaks stems from the f-f transitions of Ln^(3+)ions.The emission colors of Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)phosphors can be tuned in a wide range by modulating the doping concentrations of Ln^(3+)ions.The efficient energy transfer from STE to Ln^(3+)is the key point to achieving the efficient and tunable emissions Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)samples.Interestingly,Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)can also exhibit characteristic up-conversion luminescence of Ln^(3+)under nearinfrared(NIR)excitation besides the down-conversion luminescence,revealing that the materials may have potential applicability in multimode anti-counterfeiting and information encryption applications.Furthermore,the light emitting diodes(LEDs)assembled by Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)and Cs_(2)NaYCl_(6):Sb^(3+)/Ln^(3+)phosphors display dazzling blue,green,and red emissions under a forward bias current,which indicates that the as-obtained double perovskites materials may have great potential in solid-state lighting and optoelectronic devices.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075132 and 92050202)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22ZR1443100)
文摘This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimentally measured multi-tem-perature transmission matrix,a set of temperature principal modes that exhibit resilience to disturbances caused by tem-perature fluctuations can be generated.Reversing this concept also allows the construction of temperature anti-principal modes,with output profiles more susceptible to temperature influences than the unmodulated wavefront.Despite changes in the length of the multimode fiber within the temperature-fluctuating region,the proposed approach remains capable of robustly controlling the temperature response within the fiber.To illustrate the practicality of the proposed spe-cial state,a learning-empowered fiber specklegram temperature sensor based on temperature anti-principal mode sensi-tization is proposed.This sensor exhibits outstanding superiority over traditional approaches in terms of resolution and accuracy.These novel states are anticipated to have wide-ranging applications in fiber communication,sensing,imaging,and spectroscopy,and serve as a source of inspiration for the discovery of other novel states.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2021GXNSFBA196008)the Guangxi Science and Technology Development Program(Grant No.GuikeAD22035189).
文摘Multiphase flows widely exist in various scientific and engineering fields,and strongly compressible multiphase flows commonly occur in practical applications,which makes them an important part of computational fluid dynamics.In this study,an axisymmetric adaptive multiresolution smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)model is proposed to solve various strongly compressible multiphase flow problems.In the present model,the governing equations are discretized in cylindrical polar coordinates,and an improved volume adaptive scheme is developed to better solve the problem of excessive volume change in strongly compressible multiphase flows.On this basis,combined with the adaptive particle refinement technique,an adaptive multiresolution scheme is proposed in this study.In addition,the high-order differential operator and diffusion correction term are utilized to improve the accuracy and stability.The effectiveness of the model is verified by testing four typical strongly compressible multiphase flow problems.By comparing the results of adaptive multiresolution SPH with other numerical results or experimental data,we can conclude that the present SPH method effectively models strongly compressible multiphase flows.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61505160)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(No.2018KJXX-042)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2019JM-084)the State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics(No.SKLST202108)the Graduate Innovation and Practical Ability Training Project of Xi’an Shiyou University(No.YCS22213190)。
文摘We proposed and demonstrated the ultra-compact 1310/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer assisted by subwavelength grating(SWG)using particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.Through the self-imaging effect of multimode interference(MMI)coupler,the demultiplexing function for 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths is implemented.After that,three parallel SWG-based slots are inserted into the MMI section so that the effective refractive index of the modes can be engineered and thus the beat length can be adjusted.Importantly,these three SWG slots significantly reduce the length of the device,which is much shorter than the length of traditional MMI-based wavelength demultiplexers.Ultimately,by using the PSO algorithm,the equivalent refractive index and width of the SWG in a certain range are optimized to achieve the best performance of the wavelength demultiplexer.It has been verified that the device footprint is only 2×30.68μm^(2),and 1 dB bandwidths of larger than 120 nm are acquired at 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths.Meanwhile,the transmitted spectrum shows that the insertion loss(IL)values are below 0.47 dB at both wavelengths when the extinction ratio(ER)values are above 12.65 dB.This inverse design approach has been proved to be efficient in increasing bandwidth and reducing device length.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2021FY100604).
文摘There remains debate on whether Mn is beneficial or detrimental to hydrogen embrittlement in stainless steel.In this work,a series of stainless steels were designed to study the change of hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity,crack propagation,and hydrogen trapping behaviors upon Mn addition.The results suggest that adding 4 wt.% Mn increased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility,whereas adding 8 wt.% Mn decreased hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity.Forming banded α’-martensite through austenitic grain is the main reason for the increased hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity when adding 4 wt.%Mn,by adsorbing hydrogen,promoting crack initiation,and accelerating crack propagation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378321 and 52079003).
文摘Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was established.This model introduced the new concepts,such as particle temperature and particle entropy,to describe energy dissipation at meso-level.This model used a potential energy density function and migration coefficients to establish the corresponding connection between the dissipative force and dissipative flow.This viewpoint unifies the deformation,seepage,and suspended substance migration of geotechnical materials under the framework of granular thermodynamics.It can reflect the evolution of effective stress in the solid matrix of multi-components in a particle-reorganized state,and considers the temperature driving effect.The proposed CMF model is validated using the experimental results under coupled migration of heavy metal ions(HMs)and suspended particles(SPs).The calculation results demonstrated that the CMF model can describe the flow process under the conditions of arbitrary changes in different suspended substance types,injection concentrations,and injection velocities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305053).
文摘Powder-Fueled Water Ramjet Engine(PFWRE)is of great attraction for high-speed and long-voyage underwater propulsion,as well as air–water trans-media navigation applications due to its high energy density and thrust adjustability.However,the complex multiphase combustion process in the combustor significantly affects engine performance.In this study,a detailed model for aluminum particle combustion in water vapor is developed and validated via literature data as well as the ground direct-connected test we conducted.Thereafter,the numerical study on the multiphase combustion process inside the aluminum-based PFWRE combustor is carried out within the Euler–Lagrange framework using the developed model.Results show that a reverse rotating vortex pair before the primary water injection causes particles to flow back towards the combustor head and leads to product deposition.Aluminum particles external to the powder jet have shorter preheating time than internal particles and burn out in advance.The analysis of the particle combustion process indicates that the flame structure inside the combustor consists of the particle preheating zone,the surface combustion heat release zone,the gas-phase combustion heat release zone,and the post-flame zone.In the present configuration,as the particle size increases from 10μm to 20μm,the preheating zone length increases from 35 mm to 85 mm.Meanwhile,heat release from gas-phase combustion decreases,and the average temperature of the combustor head first increases and then decreases.This study not only provides insight into the multiphase combustion characteristics of the aluminum-based PFWRE combustor but also offers guidance for the design of the combustion organization schemes and engine structure optimization.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2022R1F1A1074339)。
文摘For the advancement of fast-charging sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),the synthesis of cutting-edge cathode materials with superior structural stability and enhanced Na+diffusion kinetics is imperative.Multiphase layered transition metal oxides(LTMOs),which leverage the synergistic properties of two distinct monophasic LTMOs,have garnered significant attention;however,their efficacy under fast-charging conditions remains underexplored.In this study,we developed a high-throughput computational screening framework to identify optimal dopants that maximize the electrochemical performance of LTMOs.Specifically,we evaluated the efficacy of 32 dopants based on P2/O3-type Mn/Fe-based Na_(x)Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(2)(NMFO)cathode material.Multiphase LTMOs satisfying criteria for thermodynamic and structural stability,minimized phase transitions,and enhanced Na^(+)diffusion were systematically screened for their suitability in fast-charging applications.The analysis identified two dopants,Ti and Zr,which met all predefined screening criteria.Furthermore,we ranked and scored dopants based on their alignment with these criteria,establishing a comprehensive dopant performance database.These findings provide a robust foundation for experimental exploration and offer detailed guidelines for tailoring dopants to optimize fast-charging SIBs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52375003, 52205006)National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFB1309600)。
文摘To improve locomotion and operation integration, this paper presents an integrated leg-arm quadruped robot(ILQR) that has a reconfigurable joint. First, the reconfigurable joint is designed and assembled at the end of the legarm chain. When the robot performs a task, reconfigurable configuration and mode switching can be achieved using this joint. In contrast from traditional quadruped robots, this robot can stack in a designated area to optimize the occupied volume in a nonworking state. Kinematics modeling and dynamics modeling are established to evaluate the mechanical properties for multiple modes. All working modes of the robot are classified, which can be defined as deployable mode, locomotion mode and operation mode. Based on the stability margin and mechanical modeling, switching analysis and evaluation between each mode is carried out. Finally, the prototype experimental results verify the function realization and switching stability of multimode and provide a design method to integrate and perform multimode for quadruped robots with deployable characteristics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52161002,51661020,and 11364024)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2014M560371)the Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Lanzhou University of Technology of China(Grant No.J201304).
文摘A multiphase field model coupled with a lattice Boltzmann(PF-LBM)model is proposed to simulate the distribution mechanism of bubbles and solutes at the solid-liquid interface,the interaction between dendrites and bubbles,and the effects of different temperatures,anisotropic strengths and tilting angles on the solidified organization of the SCN-0.24wt.%butanedinitrile alloy during the solidification process.The model adopts a multiphase field model to simulate the growth of dendrites,calculates the growth motions of dendrites based on the interfacial solute equilibrium;and adopts a lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)based on the Shan-Chen multiphase flow to simulate the growth and motions of bubbles in the liquid phase,which includes the interaction between solid-liquid-gas phases.The simulation results show that during the directional growth of columnar dendrites,bubbles first precipitate out slowly at the very bottom of the dendrites,and then rise up due to the different solid-liquid densities and pressure differences.The bubbles will interact with the dendrite in the process of flow migration,such as extrusion,overflow,fusion and disappearance.In the case of wide gaps in the dendrite channels,bubbles will fuse to form larger irregular bubbles,and in the case of dense channels,bubbles will deform due to the extrusion of dendrites.In the simulated region,as the dendrites converge and diverge,the bubbles precipitate out of the dendrites by compression and diffusion,which also causes physical phenomena such as fusion and spillage of the bubbles.These results reveal the physical mechanisms of bubble nucleation,growth and kinematic evolution during solidification and interaction with dendrite growth.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62135007 and 61925502).
文摘Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body,enabling non-invasive,rapid diagnosis and treatment.Optical fiber endoscopy is highly competitive among various endoscopic imaging techniques due to its high flexibility,compact structure,excellent resolution,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Over the past decade,endoscopes based on a single multimode optical fiber(MMF)have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential to significantly reduce the footprint of optical fiber endoscopes and enhance imaging capabilities.In comparison with other imaging principles of MMF endoscopes,the scanning imaging method based on the wavefront shaping technique is highly developed and provides benefits including excellent imaging contrast,broad applicability to complex imaging scenarios,and good compatibility with various well-established scanning imaging modalities.In this review,various technical routes to achieve light focusing through MMF and procedures to conduct the scanning imaging of MMF endoscopes are introduced.The advancements in imaging performance enhancements,integrations of various imaging modalities with MMF scanning endoscopes,and applications are summarized.Challenges specific to this endoscopic imaging technology are analyzed,and potential remedies and avenues for future developments are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2800902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62225110)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BAA001)the Innovation Fund of WNLO.
文摘The detection of the state of polarization(SOP)of light is essential for many optical applications.However,cost-effective SOP measurement is a challenge due to the complexity of conventional methods and the poor transferability of new methods.We propose a straightforward,low-cost,and portable SOP measurement system based on the multimode fiber speckle.A convolutional neural network is utilized to establish the mapping relationship between speckle and Stokes parameters.The lowest root-mean-square error of the estimated SOP on the Poincarésphere can be 0.0042.This method is distinguished by its low cost,clear structure,and applicability to different wavelengths with high precision.The proposed method is of great value in polarization-related applications.
文摘A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for use in fiber optics communication systems.The fabricated device exhibits low loss and good coupling uniformity.The excess loss is lower than 0 8dB,and the uniformity is 0 45dB at the wavelength of 1550nm.Moreover,the polarization dependent loss is lower than 0 7dB at 1550nm.The device size is only 2mm×10mm.
基金the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFB3709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20171 and 52104343)the High Steel Central(HSC)at North China University of Science and Technology and Yanshan Univ ersity,China。
文摘A 3D mathematical model was proposed to investigate the molten steel–slag–air multiphase flow in a two-strand slab continuous casting(CC)tundish during ladle change.The study focused on the exposure of the molten steel and the subsequent reoxidation occurrence.The exposure of the molten steel was calculated using the coupled realizable k–εmodel and volume of fluid(VOF)model.The diffusion of dissolved oxygen was determined by solving the user-defined scalar(UDS)equation.Moreover,the user-defined function(UDF)was used to describe the source term in the UDS equation and determine the oxidation rate and oxidation position.The effect of the refilling speed on the molten steel exposure and dissolved oxygen content was also discussed.Increasing the refilling speed during ladle change reduced the refilling time and the exposure duration of the molten steel.However,the elevated refilling speed enlarged the slag eyes and increased the average dissolved oxygen content within the tundish,thereby exacerbating the reoxidation phenomenon.In addition,the time required for the molten steel with a high dissolved oxygen content to exit the tundish varied with the refilling speed.When the inlet speed was 3.0 m·s^(-1)during ladle change,the molten steel with a high dissolved oxygen content exited the outlet in a short period,reaching a maximum dissolved oxygen content of 0.000525wt%.Conversely,when the inlet speed was 1.8 m·s^(-1),the maximum dissolved oxygen content was 0.000382wt%.The refilling speed during the ladle change process must be appropriately decreased to minimize reoxidation effects and enhance the steel product quality.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project, China (No. J2019-V-0016-0111)the Aviation Engine and Gas Turbine Basic Science Center Project, China (No. P2022-B-V-003-001)+3 种基金the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program, China (No. JCKY2022607C002)the AECC Industry University Cooperation Project, China (No. HFZL2022CXY013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52372396)the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province, China (No. 2021GXLH-01-16)。
文摘This paper aims to tackle the calculation efficiency problem raised in the cavitation-flow simulation of the aviation centrifugal pump due to the fading-away interface resulting from the dissipation of numerics used in the phase-change control equation for unstructured-grid multiphase flow,and due to the limitation of flow time-step in whole flow regimes,the control equation of vapor–liquid two-phase flow considering cavitation mass transport is established firstly,modifying the momentum equation by introducing the surface tension,and adding the artificial convective flow to the phase equation to solve the numerical dissipation problem.Secondly,in consideration of the local time step principle and based on the multi-dimensional general limiter algorithm with explicit solutions under the OpenFOAM platform,a solution method of steady-state VOF (Volume of Fluid) model considering cavitation two-phase change is constructed,and the feasibility of this method is verified by NACA hydrofoil and NASA flat plate inducer.Finally,based on the platform developed,the cavitation performance of an aviation centrifugal pump inducer is analyzed.The research results show that the error of the calculated cavitation pressure distribution for NACA hydrofoil between the simulation test and the experimental-test is less than 5%,and the maximum error of calculated cavitation number at pump head dropping for NASA high-speed flat plate inducer between the simulation test and the experimental-test is 2.1%.The cavitation area observed in the simulation test is the same as that obtained in the high-speed photography test.Based on the OpenFOAM simulation method,the position of pump head dropping of the fuel centrifugal pump can be accurately captured.The error of the calculated cavitation number at pump head dropping between the simulation test and the experimental test is about 3.7%,showing high calculation accuracy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3702005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52304352)+3 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(2023JH6/100100046)2022"Chunhui Program"Collaborative Scientific Research Project(202200042)the Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-BS-182)the Technology Development Project of State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application[HGSKL-USTLN(2022)01].
文摘Macrosegregation is a critical factor that limits the mechanical properties of materials.The impact of equiaxed crystal sedimentation on macrosegregation has been extensively studied,as it plays a significant role in determining the distribution of alloying elements and impurities within a material.To improve macrosegregation in steel connecting shafts,a multiphase solidification model that couples melt flow,heat transfer,microstructure evolution,and solute transport was established based on the volume-averaged Eulerian-Eulerian approach.In this model,the effects of liquid phase,equiaxed crystals,columnar dendrites,and columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET)during solidification and evolution of microstructure can be considered simultaneously.The sedimentation of equiaxed crystals contributes to negative macrosegregation,where regions between columnar dendrites and equiaxed crystals undergo significant A-type positive macrosegregation due to the CET.Additionally,noticeable positive macrosegregation occurs in the area of final solidification in the ingot.The improvement in macrosegregation is beneficial for enhancing the mechanical properties of connecting shafts.To mitigate the thermal convection of molten steel resulting from excessive superheating,reducing the superheating during casting without employing external fields or altering the design of the ingot mold is indeed an effective approach to control macrosegregation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52274372 and 52201101)the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFB3702404)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-22-013A1).
文摘Multiphase microstructure significantly increases the strength,usually at the expense of flangeability because of lacking microstructure homogeneity.To further improve the strength-flangeability of multiphase steel,the microstructural homogeneity was advanced by adjusting the hard martensite/austenite(M/A)islands.The strength-flangeability was measured via uniaxial tensile tests and hole expansion tests.Their microstructures were characterized using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector and a transmission electron microscope.Nanoindentation tests were supplementally used to quantitatively reveal the microstructural homogeneity of the steels.Results show that the adjusted multiphase steel achieves an excellent ultimate tensile strength(~800 MPa)and flangeability(~135%hole expansion ratio).A promising homogeneous multiphase microstructure was obtained by controlling undercooled austenite transformed at about 600℃.This microstructure consists of soft polygonal ferrite,blocky bainitic ferrite,and hard M/A islands.The volume fraction of M/A islands is around 5%,and the average size is less than l pm.Detailed nanoindentation analysis indicated that the participation of M/A islands impressively influenced the microstructural homogeneity.Weakened strain partition and better mechanical compatibility were present in the adjusted multiphase steel since the plasticity initiation started late,which resulted in a positive flangeability.Moreover,avoiding M/A islands distributed in the chain along the rolling direction on the matrix hindered the possibility of voids coalescing into cracks and stabilized the flanging performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072410 and 51602349).
文摘Multiphase design is a promising approach to achieve superior ablation resistance of multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramic,while understanding the ablation mechanism is the foundation.Here,through investigating a three-phase multicomponent ceramic consisting of Hf-rich carbide,Nb-rich carbide,and Zr-rich silicide phases,we report a newly discovered solid-state reaction process among multiphase multicomponent ceramic during ablation.It was found that this solid-state reaction occurred in the matrix/oxide scale interface region.In this process,metal cations are counter-diffused between the multicomponent phases,thereby resulting in their composition evolution,which allows the multicomponent phases to exist stably under a higher oxygen partial pressure,leading to the improvement of thermodynamic stability of three-phase multicomponent ceramic.Additionally,this solid-state reaction process appears synergistic with the preferential oxidation behavior among the oxide scale in enhancing the ablation performance.
基金supported by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Special Project(Grant No.2021SZD0082).
文摘Stainless steels are used in a wide range of complex environments due to their excellent corrosion resistance.Multiphase stainless steels can offer an excellent combination of strength,toughness and corrosion resistance due to the coexistence of different microstructures.The microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel cast multiphase stainless steel,composed of martensite,ferrite,and austenite,were investigated following appropriate heat treatment processes:solution treatment at 1,050℃ for 0.5 h followed by water quenching to room temperature,and aging treatment at 500℃ for 4 h followed by water quenching to room temperature.Results show reversed austenite is formed by diffusion of Ni element during aging process,and the enrichment of Ni atoms directly determines the mechanical stability of austenite.The austenite with a lower Ni content undergoes a martensitic transformation during plastic deformation.The tensile strength of the specimen exceeds 1,100 MPa and the elongation exceeds 24%after solid solution,and further increases to 1,247 MPa and 25%after aging treatment.This enhancement is due to the TRIP effect of austenite and the precipitation of the nanoscale G-phase pinning dislocations in ferrite and martensite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12272029).
文摘During perfusion culture,the growth of bone tissues in the scaffold was closely related to the locations of initial adhered cells and their density.In this study,the fluid mechanical responses of Voronoi-lattice scaffolds and initial adhered cells on scaffolds were quantitatively investigated.Multiphase fluid-structure interaction(FSI)model was verified by comparing with the results of Diamond scaffolds culture in the literature.Fluid mechanical responses of Voronoi-lattice scaffolds and cells were analyzed by multiphase FSI model.Regression equations were established by response surface method(RSM)to determine relationships between structural design factors of Voronoi-lattice scaffolds and fluid mechanical response parameters of scaffolds and cells.The results showed that the percentage of adhered cells and the locations of initial adhered cells obtained by multiphase FSI model of Diamond scaffolds had the same trend with that obtained by perfusion culture.Regression equations established based on RSM could well predict the fluid mechanical response parameters of Voronoi-scaffolds and cells.The multiphase FSI model closely related the densities of cells and the locations of adhered cells to bone tissue growth.The model could provide a certain theoretical basis for constructing and culturing engineered bone tissues in vitro perfusion.
