Epigenetics is the discipline of regulating cellular activity through chemical modification or modulation of noncoding RNAs without altering the nucleotide sequence.Studies on this topic include the exploration of DNA...Epigenetics is the discipline of regulating cellular activity through chemical modification or modulation of noncoding RNAs without altering the nucleotide sequence.Studies on this topic include the exploration of DNA methylation,histone modification,noncoding RNA regulation,and chromatin remodeling.Derived from the apical tissues of young permanent teeth,stem cells from apical papilla are odontogenic adult stem cells with high proliferation,self-renewal capacity,and differentiation potential.These cells play crucial roles in root formation and development.This article focuses on the two epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of histone modifications and non-coding RNA.This review summarizes,generalizes,and evaluates the status of research on the epigenetic regulation of the multidirectional differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla,aiming to explore the mechanisms underlying the multidirectional differentiation process of these stem cells.展开更多
Although it is believed that glioma is derived from brain tumor stem cells, the source and molecular signal pathways of these cells are still unclear. In this study, we used stable doxycycline-inducible transgenic mou...Although it is believed that glioma is derived from brain tumor stem cells, the source and molecular signal pathways of these cells are still unclear. In this study, we used stable doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse brain tumor models （c-myc/SV40Tag＋/Tet-on＋） to explore the malignant trans- formation potential of neural stem cells by observing the differences of neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells in the tumor models. Results showed that chromosome instability occurred in brain tumor stem cells. The numbers of cytolysosomes and autophagosomes in brain tumor stem cells and induced neural stem cells were lower and the proliferative activity was obviously stronger than that in normal neural stem cells. Normal neural stem cells could differentiate into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and microtubule associated protein-2-positive cells, which were also negative for nestin. However, glial fibrillary acidic protein/nestin, microtubule associated protein-2/nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein/microtubule associated protein-2 double-positive cells were found in induced neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells. Results indicate that induced neural stem cells are similar to brain tumor stem cells, and are possibly the source of brain tumor stem cells.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),multipotent stromal cells,have attracted exten-sive attention in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy due to the capacity of self-renewal,multilineage differentiation,and im...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),multipotent stromal cells,have attracted exten-sive attention in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy due to the capacity of self-renewal,multilineage differentiation,and immune regulation.MSCs have different cellular effects in different diseases,and even have markedly different curative effects with different tissue sources,indicating the plasticity of MSCs.The phenotypes,secreted factors,and proliferative,migratory,differentiating,and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs depend on certain mediators present in their microenvironment.Understanding microenvironmental factors and their internal mechanisms in MSC responses may help in subsequent prediction and improvement of clinical benefits.This review highlighted the recent advances in MSC plas-ticity in the physiological and pathological microenvironment and multiple microenviron-mental factors regulating MSC plasticity.It also highlighted some progress in the underlying molecular mechanisms of MSC remodeling in the microenvironment.It might provide refer-ences for the improvement in vitro culture of MSCs,clinical application,and in vivo induction.Copyrightª2020,Chongqing Medical University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
文摘Epigenetics is the discipline of regulating cellular activity through chemical modification or modulation of noncoding RNAs without altering the nucleotide sequence.Studies on this topic include the exploration of DNA methylation,histone modification,noncoding RNA regulation,and chromatin remodeling.Derived from the apical tissues of young permanent teeth,stem cells from apical papilla are odontogenic adult stem cells with high proliferation,self-renewal capacity,and differentiation potential.These cells play crucial roles in root formation and development.This article focuses on the two epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of histone modifications and non-coding RNA.This review summarizes,generalizes,and evaluates the status of research on the epigenetic regulation of the multidirectional differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla,aiming to explore the mechanisms underlying the multidirectional differentiation process of these stem cells.
文摘Although it is believed that glioma is derived from brain tumor stem cells, the source and molecular signal pathways of these cells are still unclear. In this study, we used stable doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse brain tumor models （c-myc/SV40Tag＋/Tet-on＋） to explore the malignant trans- formation potential of neural stem cells by observing the differences of neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells in the tumor models. Results showed that chromosome instability occurred in brain tumor stem cells. The numbers of cytolysosomes and autophagosomes in brain tumor stem cells and induced neural stem cells were lower and the proliferative activity was obviously stronger than that in normal neural stem cells. Normal neural stem cells could differentiate into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and microtubule associated protein-2-positive cells, which were also negative for nestin. However, glial fibrillary acidic protein/nestin, microtubule associated protein-2/nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein/microtubule associated protein-2 double-positive cells were found in induced neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells. Results indicate that induced neural stem cells are similar to brain tumor stem cells, and are possibly the source of brain tumor stem cells.
基金This work was supported by grant from Provincial Key Research and Development of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2019706)。
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),multipotent stromal cells,have attracted exten-sive attention in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy due to the capacity of self-renewal,multilineage differentiation,and immune regulation.MSCs have different cellular effects in different diseases,and even have markedly different curative effects with different tissue sources,indicating the plasticity of MSCs.The phenotypes,secreted factors,and proliferative,migratory,differentiating,and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs depend on certain mediators present in their microenvironment.Understanding microenvironmental factors and their internal mechanisms in MSC responses may help in subsequent prediction and improvement of clinical benefits.This review highlighted the recent advances in MSC plas-ticity in the physiological and pathological microenvironment and multiple microenviron-mental factors regulating MSC plasticity.It also highlighted some progress in the underlying molecular mechanisms of MSC remodeling in the microenvironment.It might provide refer-ences for the improvement in vitro culture of MSCs,clinical application,and in vivo induction.Copyrightª2020,Chongqing Medical University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
