Aimed at solving the problems of road network object selection at any unknown scale, the existing methods on object selection are integrated and extended in this paper, and a new object interpolation method is propose...Aimed at solving the problems of road network object selection at any unknown scale, the existing methods on object selection are integrated and extended in this paper, and a new object interpolation method is proposed, which reflects the inheritable and transferable characteristics of related information among multi-scale representation objects, and takes the attribute effects into account. Then the basic idea, the overall framework and the technical flow of the interpolation are put forward, at the samet：me synthetical weight function of the interpolation method is defined and described. The method and technical strategies of object selection are extended, and the key problems are solved, including the dejign of the objective quantitative and structural selections based on the weight values, the interpolation experiment strategies and technical flows, the result of the test shows that the object interpolation method not only inherits the objects at smaller scales, but also takes the attribute effect into account when deriving objects from larger scales according to the road importance, which is a guarantee to objective selection of the road objects at middle scales.展开更多
Remote sensing imagery,due to its high altitude,presents inherent challenges characterized by multiple scales,limited target areas,and intricate backgrounds.These inherent traits often lead to increased miss and false...Remote sensing imagery,due to its high altitude,presents inherent challenges characterized by multiple scales,limited target areas,and intricate backgrounds.These inherent traits often lead to increased miss and false detection rates when applying object recognition algorithms tailored for remote sensing imagery.Additionally,these complexities contribute to inaccuracies in target localization and hinder precise target categorization.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a solution:The YOLO-MFD model(YOLO-MFD:Remote Sensing Image Object Detection withMulti-scale Fusion Dynamic Head).Before presenting our method,we delve into the prevalent issues faced in remote sensing imagery analysis.Specifically,we emphasize the struggles of existing object recognition algorithms in comprehensively capturing critical image features amidst varying scales and complex backgrounds.To resolve these issues,we introduce a novel approach.First,we propose the implementation of a lightweight multi-scale module called CEF.This module significantly improves the model’s ability to comprehensively capture important image features by merging multi-scale feature information.It effectively addresses the issues of missed detection and mistaken alarms that are common in remote sensing imagery.Second,an additional layer of small target detection heads is added,and a residual link is established with the higher-level feature extraction module in the backbone section.This allows the model to incorporate shallower information,significantly improving the accuracy of target localization in remotely sensed images.Finally,a dynamic head attentionmechanism is introduced.This allows themodel to exhibit greater flexibility and accuracy in recognizing shapes and targets of different sizes.Consequently,the precision of object detection is significantly improved.The trial results show that the YOLO-MFD model shows improvements of 6.3%,3.5%,and 2.5%over the original YOLOv8 model in Precision,map@0.5 and map@0.5:0.95,separately.These results illustrate the clear advantages of the method.展开更多
Accurately identifying small objects in high-resolution aerial images presents a complex and crucial task in thefield of small object detection on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).This task is challenging due to variati...Accurately identifying small objects in high-resolution aerial images presents a complex and crucial task in thefield of small object detection on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).This task is challenging due to variations inUAV flight altitude,differences in object scales,as well as factors like flight speed and motion blur.To enhancethe detection efficacy of small targets in drone aerial imagery,we propose an enhanced You Only Look Onceversion 7(YOLOv7)algorithm based on multi-scale spatial context.We build the MSC-YOLO model,whichincorporates an additional prediction head,denoted as P2,to improve adaptability for small objects.We replaceconventional downsampling with a Spatial-to-Depth Convolutional Combination(CSPDC)module to mitigatethe loss of intricate feature details related to small objects.Furthermore,we propose a Spatial Context Pyramidwith Multi-Scale Attention(SCPMA)module,which captures spatial and channel-dependent features of smalltargets acrossmultiple scales.This module enhances the perception of spatial contextual features and the utilizationof multiscale feature information.On the Visdrone2023 and UAVDT datasets,MSC-YOLO achieves remarkableresults,outperforming the baseline method YOLOv7 by 3.0%in terms ofmean average precision(mAP).The MSCYOLOalgorithm proposed in this paper has demonstrated satisfactory performance in detecting small targets inUAV aerial photography,providing strong support for practical applications.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a method of centers for solving multi-objective programming problems, where the objective functions involved are concave functions and the set of feasible points is convex. The algorithm is ...In this paper, we consider a method of centers for solving multi-objective programming problems, where the objective functions involved are concave functions and the set of feasible points is convex. The algorithm is defined so that the sub-problems that must be solved during its execution may be solved by finite-step procedures. Conditions are given under which the algorithm generates sequences of feasible points and constraint multiplier vectors that have accumulation points satisfying the KKT conditions. Finally, we establish convergence of the proposed method of centers algorithm for solving multiobjective programming problems.展开更多
Drone-based small object detection is of great significance in practical applications such as military actions, disaster rescue, transportation, etc. However, the severe scale differences in objects captured by drones...Drone-based small object detection is of great significance in practical applications such as military actions, disaster rescue, transportation, etc. However, the severe scale differences in objects captured by drones and lack of detail information for small-scale objects make drone-based small object detection a formidable challenge. To address these issues, we first develop a mathematical model to explore how changing receptive fields impacts the polynomial fitting results. Subsequently, based on the obtained conclusions, we propose a simple but effective Hybrid Receptive Field Network (HRFNet), whose modules include Hybrid Feature Augmentation (HFA), Hybrid Feature Pyramid (HFP) and Dual Scale Head (DSH). Specifically, HFA employs parallel dilated convolution kernels of different sizes to extend shallow features with different receptive fields, committed to improving the multi-scale adaptability of the network;HFP enhances the perception of small objects by capturing contextual information across layers, while DSH reconstructs the original prediction head utilizing a set of high-resolution features and ultrahigh-resolution features. In addition, in order to train HRFNet, the corresponding dual-scale loss function is designed. Finally, comprehensive evaluation results on public benchmarks such as VisDrone-DET and TinyPerson demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. Most impressively, the proposed HRFNet achieves a mAP of 51.0 on VisDrone-DET with 29.3 M parameters, which outperforms the extant state-of-the-art detectors. HRFNet also performs excellently in complex scenarios captured by drones, achieving the best performance on the CS-Drone dataset we built.展开更多
A novel dual-branch decoding fusion convolutional neural network model(DDFNet)specifically designed for real-time salient object detection(SOD)on steel surfaces is proposed.DDFNet is based on a standard encoder–decod...A novel dual-branch decoding fusion convolutional neural network model(DDFNet)specifically designed for real-time salient object detection(SOD)on steel surfaces is proposed.DDFNet is based on a standard encoder–decoder architecture.DDFNet integrates three key innovations:first,we introduce a novel,lightweight multi-scale progressive aggregation residual network that effectively suppresses background interference and refines defect details,enabling efficient salient feature extraction.Then,we propose an innovative dual-branch decoding fusion structure,comprising the refined defect representation branch and the enhanced defect representation branch,which enhance accuracy in defect region identification and feature representation.Additionally,to further improve the detection of small and complex defects,we incorporate a multi-scale attention fusion module.Experimental results on the public ESDIs-SOD dataset show that DDFNet,with only 3.69 million parameters,achieves detection performance comparable to current state-of-the-art models,demonstrating its potential for real-time industrial applications.Furthermore,our DDFNet-L variant consistently outperforms leading methods in detection performance.The code is available at https://github.com/13140W/DDFNet.展开更多
Recent years have seen a surge in interest in object detection on remote sensing images for applications such as surveillance andmanagement.However,challenges like small object detection,scale variation,and the presen...Recent years have seen a surge in interest in object detection on remote sensing images for applications such as surveillance andmanagement.However,challenges like small object detection,scale variation,and the presence of closely packed objects in these images hinder accurate detection.Additionally,the motion blur effect further complicates the identification of such objects.To address these issues,we propose enhanced YOLOv9 with a transformer head(YOLOv9-TH).The model introduces an additional prediction head for detecting objects of varying sizes and swaps the original prediction heads for transformer heads to leverage self-attention mechanisms.We further improve YOLOv9-TH using several strategies,including data augmentation,multi-scale testing,multi-model integration,and the introduction of an additional classifier.The cross-stage partial(CSP)method and the ghost convolution hierarchical graph(GCHG)are combined to improve detection accuracy by better utilizing feature maps,widening the receptive field,and precisely extracting multi-scale objects.Additionally,we incorporate the E-SimAM attention mechanism to address low-resolution feature loss.Extensive experiments on the VisDrone2021 and DIOR datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of YOLOv9-TH,showing good improvement in mAP compared to the best existing methods.The YOLOv9-TH-e achieved 54.2% of mAP50 on the VisDrone2021 dataset and 92.3% of mAP on the DIOR dataset.The results confirmthemodel’s robustness and suitability for real-world applications,particularly for small object detection in remote sensing images.展开更多
With the rapid expansion of drone applications,accurate detection of objects in aerial imagery has become crucial for intelligent transportation,urban management,and emergency rescue missions.However,existing methods ...With the rapid expansion of drone applications,accurate detection of objects in aerial imagery has become crucial for intelligent transportation,urban management,and emergency rescue missions.However,existing methods face numerous challenges in practical deployment,including scale variation handling,feature degradation,and complex backgrounds.To address these issues,we propose Edge-enhanced and Detail-Capturing You Only Look Once(EHDC-YOLO),a novel framework for object detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)imagery.Based on the You Only Look Once version 11 nano(YOLOv11n)baseline,EHDC-YOLO systematically introduces several architectural enhancements:(1)a Multi-Scale Edge Enhancement(MSEE)module that leverages multi-scale pooling and edge information to enhance boundary feature extraction;(2)an Enhanced Feature Pyramid Network(EFPN)that integrates P2-level features with Cross Stage Partial(CSP)structures and OmniKernel convolutions for better fine-grained representation;and(3)Dynamic Head(DyHead)with multi-dimensional attention mechanisms for enhanced cross-scale modeling and perspective adaptability.Comprehensive experiments on the Vision meets Drones for Detection(VisDrone-DET)2019 dataset demonstrate that EHDC-YOLO achieves significant improvements,increasing mean Average Precision(mAP)@0.5 from 33.2%to 46.1%(an absolute improvement of 12.9 percentage points)and mAP@0.5:0.95 from 19.5%to 28.0%(an absolute improvement of 8.5 percentage points)compared with the YOLOv11n baseline,while maintaining a reasonable parameter count(2.81 M vs the baseline’s 2.58 M).Further ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of each proposed component,while visualization results highlight EHDC-YOLO’s superior performance in detecting objects and handling occlusions in complex drone scenarios.展开更多
In order to improve the detection accuracy of small objects,a neighborhood fusion-based hierarchical parallel feature pyramid network(NFPN)is proposed.Unlike the layer-by-layer structure adopted in the feature pyramid...In order to improve the detection accuracy of small objects,a neighborhood fusion-based hierarchical parallel feature pyramid network(NFPN)is proposed.Unlike the layer-by-layer structure adopted in the feature pyramid network(FPN)and deconvolutional single shot detector(DSSD),where the bottom layer of the feature pyramid network relies on the top layer,NFPN builds the feature pyramid network with no connections between the upper and lower layers.That is,it only fuses shallow features on similar scales.NFPN is highly portable and can be embedded in many models to further boost performance.Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007,2012,and COCO datasets demonstrate that the NFPN-based SSD without intricate tricks can exceed the DSSD model in terms of detection accuracy and inference speed,especially for small objects,e.g.,4%to 5%higher mAP(mean average precision)than SSD,and 2%to 3%higher mAP than DSSD.On VOC 2007 test set,the NFPN-based SSD with 300×300 input reaches 79.4%mAP at 34.6 frame/s,and the mAP can raise to 82.9%after using the multi-scale testing strategy.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 40701147）, the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing （No. 8102014）, and the Posoctoral Science Foundation of China （Special Issue） （No. 200801096）.
文摘Aimed at solving the problems of road network object selection at any unknown scale, the existing methods on object selection are integrated and extended in this paper, and a new object interpolation method is proposed, which reflects the inheritable and transferable characteristics of related information among multi-scale representation objects, and takes the attribute effects into account. Then the basic idea, the overall framework and the technical flow of the interpolation are put forward, at the samet：me synthetical weight function of the interpolation method is defined and described. The method and technical strategies of object selection are extended, and the key problems are solved, including the dejign of the objective quantitative and structural selections based on the weight values, the interpolation experiment strategies and technical flows, the result of the test shows that the object interpolation method not only inherits the objects at smaller scales, but also takes the attribute effect into account when deriving objects from larger scales according to the road importance, which is a guarantee to objective selection of the road objects at middle scales.
基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(23A0423).
文摘Remote sensing imagery,due to its high altitude,presents inherent challenges characterized by multiple scales,limited target areas,and intricate backgrounds.These inherent traits often lead to increased miss and false detection rates when applying object recognition algorithms tailored for remote sensing imagery.Additionally,these complexities contribute to inaccuracies in target localization and hinder precise target categorization.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a solution:The YOLO-MFD model(YOLO-MFD:Remote Sensing Image Object Detection withMulti-scale Fusion Dynamic Head).Before presenting our method,we delve into the prevalent issues faced in remote sensing imagery analysis.Specifically,we emphasize the struggles of existing object recognition algorithms in comprehensively capturing critical image features amidst varying scales and complex backgrounds.To resolve these issues,we introduce a novel approach.First,we propose the implementation of a lightweight multi-scale module called CEF.This module significantly improves the model’s ability to comprehensively capture important image features by merging multi-scale feature information.It effectively addresses the issues of missed detection and mistaken alarms that are common in remote sensing imagery.Second,an additional layer of small target detection heads is added,and a residual link is established with the higher-level feature extraction module in the backbone section.This allows the model to incorporate shallower information,significantly improving the accuracy of target localization in remotely sensed images.Finally,a dynamic head attentionmechanism is introduced.This allows themodel to exhibit greater flexibility and accuracy in recognizing shapes and targets of different sizes.Consequently,the precision of object detection is significantly improved.The trial results show that the YOLO-MFD model shows improvements of 6.3%,3.5%,and 2.5%over the original YOLOv8 model in Precision,map@0.5 and map@0.5:0.95,separately.These results illustrate the clear advantages of the method.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2023GXJS163,ZDYF2024GXJS014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.62162022,62162024)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDKJ2020012)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.620MS021)Youth Foundation Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation(621QN211).
文摘Accurately identifying small objects in high-resolution aerial images presents a complex and crucial task in thefield of small object detection on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).This task is challenging due to variations inUAV flight altitude,differences in object scales,as well as factors like flight speed and motion blur.To enhancethe detection efficacy of small targets in drone aerial imagery,we propose an enhanced You Only Look Onceversion 7(YOLOv7)algorithm based on multi-scale spatial context.We build the MSC-YOLO model,whichincorporates an additional prediction head,denoted as P2,to improve adaptability for small objects.We replaceconventional downsampling with a Spatial-to-Depth Convolutional Combination(CSPDC)module to mitigatethe loss of intricate feature details related to small objects.Furthermore,we propose a Spatial Context Pyramidwith Multi-Scale Attention(SCPMA)module,which captures spatial and channel-dependent features of smalltargets acrossmultiple scales.This module enhances the perception of spatial contextual features and the utilizationof multiscale feature information.On the Visdrone2023 and UAVDT datasets,MSC-YOLO achieves remarkableresults,outperforming the baseline method YOLOv7 by 3.0%in terms ofmean average precision(mAP).The MSCYOLOalgorithm proposed in this paper has demonstrated satisfactory performance in detecting small targets inUAV aerial photography,providing strong support for practical applications.
文摘In this paper, we consider a method of centers for solving multi-objective programming problems, where the objective functions involved are concave functions and the set of feasible points is convex. The algorithm is defined so that the sub-problems that must be solved during its execution may be solved by finite-step procedures. Conditions are given under which the algorithm generates sequences of feasible points and constraint multiplier vectors that have accumulation points satisfying the KKT conditions. Finally, we establish convergence of the proposed method of centers algorithm for solving multiobjective programming problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62276204 and 62203343)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YJSJ24011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi,China(Nos.2022JM-340 and 2023-JC-QN-0710)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130494 and 2018M633470).
文摘Drone-based small object detection is of great significance in practical applications such as military actions, disaster rescue, transportation, etc. However, the severe scale differences in objects captured by drones and lack of detail information for small-scale objects make drone-based small object detection a formidable challenge. To address these issues, we first develop a mathematical model to explore how changing receptive fields impacts the polynomial fitting results. Subsequently, based on the obtained conclusions, we propose a simple but effective Hybrid Receptive Field Network (HRFNet), whose modules include Hybrid Feature Augmentation (HFA), Hybrid Feature Pyramid (HFP) and Dual Scale Head (DSH). Specifically, HFA employs parallel dilated convolution kernels of different sizes to extend shallow features with different receptive fields, committed to improving the multi-scale adaptability of the network;HFP enhances the perception of small objects by capturing contextual information across layers, while DSH reconstructs the original prediction head utilizing a set of high-resolution features and ultrahigh-resolution features. In addition, in order to train HRFNet, the corresponding dual-scale loss function is designed. Finally, comprehensive evaluation results on public benchmarks such as VisDrone-DET and TinyPerson demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. Most impressively, the proposed HRFNet achieves a mAP of 51.0 on VisDrone-DET with 29.3 M parameters, which outperforms the extant state-of-the-art detectors. HRFNet also performs excellently in complex scenarios captured by drones, achieving the best performance on the CS-Drone dataset we built.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3307604)the Shanxi Province Basic Research Program Youth Science Research Project(Grant Nos.202303021212054 and 202303021212046)+3 种基金the Key Projects Supported by Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.E2024203125)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52105391)the Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.23280101Z)the National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment Open Fund(Grant No.S2308100.W17).
文摘A novel dual-branch decoding fusion convolutional neural network model(DDFNet)specifically designed for real-time salient object detection(SOD)on steel surfaces is proposed.DDFNet is based on a standard encoder–decoder architecture.DDFNet integrates three key innovations:first,we introduce a novel,lightweight multi-scale progressive aggregation residual network that effectively suppresses background interference and refines defect details,enabling efficient salient feature extraction.Then,we propose an innovative dual-branch decoding fusion structure,comprising the refined defect representation branch and the enhanced defect representation branch,which enhance accuracy in defect region identification and feature representation.Additionally,to further improve the detection of small and complex defects,we incorporate a multi-scale attention fusion module.Experimental results on the public ESDIs-SOD dataset show that DDFNet,with only 3.69 million parameters,achieves detection performance comparable to current state-of-the-art models,demonstrating its potential for real-time industrial applications.Furthermore,our DDFNet-L variant consistently outperforms leading methods in detection performance.The code is available at https://github.com/13140W/DDFNet.
文摘Recent years have seen a surge in interest in object detection on remote sensing images for applications such as surveillance andmanagement.However,challenges like small object detection,scale variation,and the presence of closely packed objects in these images hinder accurate detection.Additionally,the motion blur effect further complicates the identification of such objects.To address these issues,we propose enhanced YOLOv9 with a transformer head(YOLOv9-TH).The model introduces an additional prediction head for detecting objects of varying sizes and swaps the original prediction heads for transformer heads to leverage self-attention mechanisms.We further improve YOLOv9-TH using several strategies,including data augmentation,multi-scale testing,multi-model integration,and the introduction of an additional classifier.The cross-stage partial(CSP)method and the ghost convolution hierarchical graph(GCHG)are combined to improve detection accuracy by better utilizing feature maps,widening the receptive field,and precisely extracting multi-scale objects.Additionally,we incorporate the E-SimAM attention mechanism to address low-resolution feature loss.Extensive experiments on the VisDrone2021 and DIOR datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of YOLOv9-TH,showing good improvement in mAP compared to the best existing methods.The YOLOv9-TH-e achieved 54.2% of mAP50 on the VisDrone2021 dataset and 92.3% of mAP on the DIOR dataset.The results confirmthemodel’s robustness and suitability for real-world applications,particularly for small object detection in remote sensing images.
文摘With the rapid expansion of drone applications,accurate detection of objects in aerial imagery has become crucial for intelligent transportation,urban management,and emergency rescue missions.However,existing methods face numerous challenges in practical deployment,including scale variation handling,feature degradation,and complex backgrounds.To address these issues,we propose Edge-enhanced and Detail-Capturing You Only Look Once(EHDC-YOLO),a novel framework for object detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)imagery.Based on the You Only Look Once version 11 nano(YOLOv11n)baseline,EHDC-YOLO systematically introduces several architectural enhancements:(1)a Multi-Scale Edge Enhancement(MSEE)module that leverages multi-scale pooling and edge information to enhance boundary feature extraction;(2)an Enhanced Feature Pyramid Network(EFPN)that integrates P2-level features with Cross Stage Partial(CSP)structures and OmniKernel convolutions for better fine-grained representation;and(3)Dynamic Head(DyHead)with multi-dimensional attention mechanisms for enhanced cross-scale modeling and perspective adaptability.Comprehensive experiments on the Vision meets Drones for Detection(VisDrone-DET)2019 dataset demonstrate that EHDC-YOLO achieves significant improvements,increasing mean Average Precision(mAP)@0.5 from 33.2%to 46.1%(an absolute improvement of 12.9 percentage points)and mAP@0.5:0.95 from 19.5%to 28.0%(an absolute improvement of 8.5 percentage points)compared with the YOLOv11n baseline,while maintaining a reasonable parameter count(2.81 M vs the baseline’s 2.58 M).Further ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of each proposed component,while visualization results highlight EHDC-YOLO’s superior performance in detecting objects and handling occlusions in complex drone scenarios.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61603091)。
文摘In order to improve the detection accuracy of small objects,a neighborhood fusion-based hierarchical parallel feature pyramid network(NFPN)is proposed.Unlike the layer-by-layer structure adopted in the feature pyramid network(FPN)and deconvolutional single shot detector(DSSD),where the bottom layer of the feature pyramid network relies on the top layer,NFPN builds the feature pyramid network with no connections between the upper and lower layers.That is,it only fuses shallow features on similar scales.NFPN is highly portable and can be embedded in many models to further boost performance.Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007,2012,and COCO datasets demonstrate that the NFPN-based SSD without intricate tricks can exceed the DSSD model in terms of detection accuracy and inference speed,especially for small objects,e.g.,4%to 5%higher mAP(mean average precision)than SSD,and 2%to 3%higher mAP than DSSD.On VOC 2007 test set,the NFPN-based SSD with 300×300 input reaches 79.4%mAP at 34.6 frame/s,and the mAP can raise to 82.9%after using the multi-scale testing strategy.
