Li Qingzhao's ci poetry are a treasure of fine traditional Chinese culture.This study explores their aesthetic connotations from two core dimensions:artistic conception and language.Her early ci poetry present a b...Li Qingzhao's ci poetry are a treasure of fine traditional Chinese culture.This study explores their aesthetic connotations from two core dimensions:artistic conception and language.Her early ci poetry present a bright and vivid beauty characterized by the artistic conception of"flowers and birds lingering in tenderness,"while her later works embody a sorrowful and graceful mood represented by the conception of"strings and springs murmuring in melancholy."In terms of language,she excels at using plain description,reduplicated characters,and phonological rhythms,thus forming the unique"Yi'an Style".Exploring the aesthetic connotations of Li Qingzhao's ci poetry holds significant value for contemporary aesthetic education and also provides a classic example for advancing the practice of Chinese aesthetic education.展开更多
From the perspective of ritual and music civilization,various study travel activities are currently being organized in different stages of teaching,leading students to experience traditional ritual and music culture i...From the perspective of ritual and music civilization,various study travel activities are currently being organized in different stages of teaching,leading students to experience traditional ritual and music culture in various places and fostering a strong cultural foundation in education.This article mainly analyzes the connotation of ritual and music civilization in the study travel teaching of the Temple of Heaven,clarifies the value of study travel education in the Temple of Heaven,explores the inheritance of traditional culture and students’personal development,and finally proposes practical strategies for study travel education to improve its effectiveness.展开更多
Urban spatial morphology(USM)optimization is critical to balancing biodiversity conservation and sustainable urbanization.However,previous studies predominantly focused on the socio-economic efficiency and static ecol...Urban spatial morphology(USM)optimization is critical to balancing biodiversity conservation and sustainable urbanization.However,previous studies predominantly focused on the socio-economic efficiency and static ecological metrics and rarely addressed the dynamic USM optimization across spatial scales.Here,we developed a multi-level ecological network(MEN)framework to resolve the tension between urban expansion and ecological integrity.By integrating the cost-weighted distance analysis with a hierarchical network transmission mechanism,we established a cross-scale spatial optimization system,which coordinated the regional ecological corridors and local habitat patches.Comparative experiments with conventional single-scale approaches and scenario simulations using the PLUS model show that the MEN framework had superior performance in three dimensions:(1)spatial governance:the primary-level network(peri-urban natural reserves)effectively contained urban sprawl,and the secondary-level network(intra-urban green corridors)mitigated habitat fragmentation and improved the built-environment;(2)scenario robustness:the model maintained an optimal compactness-loose balance in multiple development pathways;(3)landscape metrics:patch fragmentation decreased by 18.25%,and the internal landscape richness improved by 10.66%compared to the scenario without USM optimization.The findings provide new insight to establish a hierarchical ecological optimization framework as a nature-based spatial protocol to reconcile metropolitan growth with landscape sustainability.展开更多
The influence of different solution and aging conditions on the microstructure,impact toughness,and crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the novel α+β titanium alloy Ti6422 was systematically investigated....The influence of different solution and aging conditions on the microstructure,impact toughness,and crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the novel α+β titanium alloy Ti6422 was systematically investigated.By adjusting the furnace cooling time after solution treatment and the aging temperature,Ti6422 alloy samples were developed with a multi-level lamellar microstructure,in-cluding microscaleαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae,as well as nanoscale α_(s) phases.Extending the furnace cooling time after solution treatment at 920℃ for 1 h from 240 to 540 min,followed by aging at 600℃ for 6 h,increased the α_(p) lamella content,reduced the α_(s) phase content,expanded theαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae size,and improved the impact toughness from 22.7 to 53.8 J/cm^(2).Additionally,under the same solution treatment,raising the aging temperature from 500 to 700℃ resulted in a decrease in the α_(s) phase content and a growth in the thickness of the α_(p) lamella and α_(s) phase.The impact toughness increased significantly with these changes.Samples with high α_(p) lamellae content or large α_(s) phase size exhibited high crack initiation and propagation energies.Impact deformation caused severe kinking of the α_(p) lamellae in crack initiation and propagation areas,leading to a uniform and high-density kernel average misorientation(KAM)distribu-tion,enhancing plastic deformation coordination and uniformity.Moreover,the multidirectional arrangement of coarserαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae continuously deflect the crack propagation direction,inhibiting crack propagation.展开更多
This paper cursorily introduced some ideas and approaches of ecosystem health researches. The definition and connotations of forest ecosystem health have also been expatiated. Defining forest ecosystem health has been...This paper cursorily introduced some ideas and approaches of ecosystem health researches. The definition and connotations of forest ecosystem health have also been expatiated. Defining forest ecosystem health has been discussed from the management objective approach, ecosystem approach, and integration approach. To impel the relative researches in China, more attention on the properties of a forest ecosystem should be paid.展开更多
On the basis of understanding the properties,concepts and objectives of running the school,geographical conditions,historical and cultural context of Baise University,cultural connotations were expressed by landscape ...On the basis of understanding the properties,concepts and objectives of running the school,geographical conditions,historical and cultural context of Baise University,cultural connotations were expressed by landscape elements such as layout of subareas,architecture,plants,sculptures,park-like settings,couplets and carvings.展开更多
Through analysis on courtyard space in Jiaodong and based on existing residences,field study was conducted,so as to explore pervasive and primitive aesthetic value,practical significance and sustainability of traditio...Through analysis on courtyard space in Jiaodong and based on existing residences,field study was conducted,so as to explore pervasive and primitive aesthetic value,practical significance and sustainability of traditional residences,and provide theoretical and practical basis for design of new residences with ecological value.展开更多
This paper had illustrated correlation properties of Wisteria sinensis Sweet.and analyzed its cultural connotation,and then made a conclusion of its cultivation and application in landscape architecture.Meanwhile,it s...This paper had illustrated correlation properties of Wisteria sinensis Sweet.and analyzed its cultural connotation,and then made a conclusion of its cultivation and application in landscape architecture.Meanwhile,it summarized the disposition and landscaping forms of W.sinensis Sweet.in landscape architecture,finally discussed its promoting application and proposed some suggestions on its application trend.展开更多
The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name...The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name and given name, and also the hidden influences of name played on human beings. Moreover, the relationship between development of society and English name will also be concerned because we can not ignore that the development of society has made great effects to English name.According to the whole essay, we can easily realize the origin and connotation of English name through all my researches and analyses.展开更多
The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can commu...The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can communicate in human cognition through their comparison;the connotations of many kinds of non-linguistic signs in daily life;the position of non-linguistic signs in linguistic fields;from the above the conclusion can be reached.展开更多
Because different peoples have different environments,customs,ways of thinking,religious beliefs,regimes,literature and arts and ways of living,there is no surprise that colors are described diversely in different cou...Because different peoples have different environments,customs,ways of thinking,religious beliefs,regimes,literature and arts and ways of living,there is no surprise that colors are described diversely in different countries.And they show the partic ular personalities of each nation.And language is not only the carrier of culture,but also it is an important part of culture.In oth er words,culture includes and influences language.People could know culture through language.So only when people combine culture with language can they succeed in communicating with each other.There are various color terms in both Chinese and English,and which have similar or different associations,indications and connotations.So to have a good mastery of the differenc es and similarities of these words and their associations,indications and cultural connotations is a prerequisite for a better under standing of the different cultures of eastern and western countries,which will make the communication easier.This paper will ex plain the four colors:red,white,black and yellow.展开更多
This paper aims to analyze the cultural connotations of color words. To successfully translate the expressions relating to colors form Chinese to English or English to Chinese, it is a key step to master the cultural ...This paper aims to analyze the cultural connotations of color words. To successfully translate the expressions relating to colors form Chinese to English or English to Chinese, it is a key step to master the cultural connotations of Chinese and English color words. By comparing the differences of the corresponding color words between Chinese and English, three basic translating methods are generalized.展开更多
This paper focuses on the analysis of the connotation and characteristics of online-offline"Golden Courses"of higher vo-cational college English, which lays a good foundation for its construction and applica...This paper focuses on the analysis of the connotation and characteristics of online-offline"Golden Courses"of higher vo-cational college English, which lays a good foundation for its construction and application in higher vocational colleges.展开更多
It is important for a translator to understand the differences of color terms in their connotations in Chinese and western cultures.The connotations of most color terms are indistinct in Chinese and English,which is l...It is important for a translator to understand the differences of color terms in their connotations in Chinese and western cultures.The connotations of most color terms are indistinct in Chinese and English,which is likely to affects the communication between countries.展开更多
Since the reform and opening up in China, rapid urbanization has boosted the development of economy and society, but it has also been confronted by tremendous challenges.Multidisciplinary research has focused on the i...Since the reform and opening up in China, rapid urbanization has boosted the development of economy and society, but it has also been confronted by tremendous challenges.Multidisciplinary research has focused on the issue of a national new type of urbanization planning, leading to a transformation of China’s urbanization strategy. Further research,however, is needed to explore the theoretical basis for this new approach to urbanization.This paper summarizes the process of development of urbanization in China and describes its specific characteristics, including peri-urbanization, special national conditions, complicated factors, and governance system. China’s urbanization makes a great contribution to urbanization on a world scale. Moreover, the literature on the subject demonstrates the significance of urbanization to the discipline of human and economic geography and the scientific connotations of new urbanization, which is people-oriented, harmonious, inclusive, and sustainable. Against a background of humanism, new urbanization represents a transformation from population urbanization to people-oriented urbanization. There are six crucial scientific issues involved: people-oriented urbanization and equalization of basic public services;urbanization with integrated and coordinated urban and rural development;urbanization in the context of resources and environmental carrying capacity and climate change;diverse regional modes;spatial effect and mechanism;and big data and technical innovation. The paper aims to illustrate the theoretical framework of China’s new urbanization, providing references for both theoretical research and policy formulation.展开更多
Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source res...Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source reserve areas.First,this paper reviews the three stages of ecological compensation research progress.Based on the review,using the theory of externality,the ecological environment system of water source reserve areas is then analyzed.This paper argues that the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is a kind of institutional arrangement,which is designed to internalize externalities.Finally,based on the understanding of the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas,five principles for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism are proposed,including the principle of fairness and justice,the principle of equivalence of equality and responsibility,the principle of flexibility and effectiveness,the principle of "earmark funds,and implementation by law," and the principle of government compensation supplemented with market compensation.展开更多
Color words, as a part of language, has different cultural connotations in different culture, which usually express strong cultural characteristics. This thesis explores the similarities and differences between the co...Color words, as a part of language, has different cultural connotations in different culture, which usually express strong cultural characteristics. This thesis explores the similarities and differences between the color word"red"and"红色". Further comprehension of color words in different cultural background can help us to communicate with others successfully.展开更多
Global mitigative and adaptive efforts have not been able to effectively address the adverse impacts caused by climate change.Therefore,a direct solution is needed to address the significant resulting loss and damage(...Global mitigative and adaptive efforts have not been able to effectively address the adverse impacts caused by climate change.Therefore,a direct solution is needed to address the significant resulting loss and damage(L&D).During the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Doha in 2012,the issue of responding to L&D arising from climate change gained sudden traction and became one of the key issues that affected the outcome of the convention.In this paper,a study on the definition and connotations of L&D arising from climate change was conducted,together with an analysis of its relationship with related concepts,namely impacts,vulnerability,and risks.This led to the proposal of an L&D conceptual model that is more comprehensive,with the recognition of the need to address the issue through effective supplementation of existing mitigative and adaptive efforts.A systematic elaboration of an L&D response mechanism was made based on politics,law,and the market,leading to a preliminary presentation of a possible format for an L&D mechanism.Potential academic research directions for L&D were also proposed that could serve as references for the establishment of international and national L&D response mechanisms and related research.展开更多
This paper analyzed necessity and laws of natural and cultural resource consumption and creation activities as a branch of economics or research direction, proposed such basic frameworks of landscape economics such as...This paper analyzed necessity and laws of natural and cultural resource consumption and creation activities as a branch of economics or research direction, proposed such basic frameworks of landscape economics such as connotations, basic problems and research methods on the basis of sorting out literature. Landscape economics is a social science focusing on the public preferences for natural and humanistic landscapes, and the preference evolution laws, economic laws of landscape resource consumption and creation activities. The basic problems include evaluation of landscape resource value, optimal utilization of landscape resources, landscape resource development and protection policies, formation and creation of diversified landscape structure. The research methods include investigation of consumers' willingness, experiment and behavioral economics, logical reasoning, and case study.展开更多
文摘Li Qingzhao's ci poetry are a treasure of fine traditional Chinese culture.This study explores their aesthetic connotations from two core dimensions:artistic conception and language.Her early ci poetry present a bright and vivid beauty characterized by the artistic conception of"flowers and birds lingering in tenderness,"while her later works embody a sorrowful and graceful mood represented by the conception of"strings and springs murmuring in melancholy."In terms of language,she excels at using plain description,reduplicated characters,and phonological rhythms,thus forming the unique"Yi'an Style".Exploring the aesthetic connotations of Li Qingzhao's ci poetry holds significant value for contemporary aesthetic education and also provides a classic example for advancing the practice of Chinese aesthetic education.
文摘From the perspective of ritual and music civilization,various study travel activities are currently being organized in different stages of teaching,leading students to experience traditional ritual and music culture in various places and fostering a strong cultural foundation in education.This article mainly analyzes the connotation of ritual and music civilization in the study travel teaching of the Temple of Heaven,clarifies the value of study travel education in the Temple of Heaven,explores the inheritance of traditional culture and students’personal development,and finally proposes practical strategies for study travel education to improve its effectiveness.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFD1101304National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52278059+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,No.2024JJ8316Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate,No.CX20250634。
文摘Urban spatial morphology(USM)optimization is critical to balancing biodiversity conservation and sustainable urbanization.However,previous studies predominantly focused on the socio-economic efficiency and static ecological metrics and rarely addressed the dynamic USM optimization across spatial scales.Here,we developed a multi-level ecological network(MEN)framework to resolve the tension between urban expansion and ecological integrity.By integrating the cost-weighted distance analysis with a hierarchical network transmission mechanism,we established a cross-scale spatial optimization system,which coordinated the regional ecological corridors and local habitat patches.Comparative experiments with conventional single-scale approaches and scenario simulations using the PLUS model show that the MEN framework had superior performance in three dimensions:(1)spatial governance:the primary-level network(peri-urban natural reserves)effectively contained urban sprawl,and the secondary-level network(intra-urban green corridors)mitigated habitat fragmentation and improved the built-environment;(2)scenario robustness:the model maintained an optimal compactness-loose balance in multiple development pathways;(3)landscape metrics:patch fragmentation decreased by 18.25%,and the internal landscape richness improved by 10.66%compared to the scenario without USM optimization.The findings provide new insight to establish a hierarchical ecological optimization framework as a nature-based spatial protocol to reconcile metropolitan growth with landscape sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52090041).
文摘The influence of different solution and aging conditions on the microstructure,impact toughness,and crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of the novel α+β titanium alloy Ti6422 was systematically investigated.By adjusting the furnace cooling time after solution treatment and the aging temperature,Ti6422 alloy samples were developed with a multi-level lamellar microstructure,in-cluding microscaleαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae,as well as nanoscale α_(s) phases.Extending the furnace cooling time after solution treatment at 920℃ for 1 h from 240 to 540 min,followed by aging at 600℃ for 6 h,increased the α_(p) lamella content,reduced the α_(s) phase content,expanded theαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae size,and improved the impact toughness from 22.7 to 53.8 J/cm^(2).Additionally,under the same solution treatment,raising the aging temperature from 500 to 700℃ resulted in a decrease in the α_(s) phase content and a growth in the thickness of the α_(p) lamella and α_(s) phase.The impact toughness increased significantly with these changes.Samples with high α_(p) lamellae content or large α_(s) phase size exhibited high crack initiation and propagation energies.Impact deformation caused severe kinking of the α_(p) lamellae in crack initiation and propagation areas,leading to a uniform and high-density kernel average misorientation(KAM)distribu-tion,enhancing plastic deformation coordination and uniformity.Moreover,the multidirectional arrangement of coarserαcolonies and α_(p) lamellae continuously deflect the crack propagation direction,inhibiting crack propagation.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170744) Chinese Academy of Sciences (A grant KZCX2-406) and Changbai Mountain Open Research Station.
文摘This paper cursorily introduced some ideas and approaches of ecosystem health researches. The definition and connotations of forest ecosystem health have also been expatiated. Defining forest ecosystem health has been discussed from the management objective approach, ecosystem approach, and integration approach. To impel the relative researches in China, more attention on the properties of a forest ecosystem should be paid.
基金Sponsored by S & T Cooperation Project of Guangzhou University and Baise University in 2010 (GBK2010001)~~
文摘On the basis of understanding the properties,concepts and objectives of running the school,geographical conditions,historical and cultural context of Baise University,cultural connotations were expressed by landscape elements such as layout of subareas,architecture,plants,sculptures,park-like settings,couplets and carvings.
文摘Through analysis on courtyard space in Jiaodong and based on existing residences,field study was conducted,so as to explore pervasive and primitive aesthetic value,practical significance and sustainability of traditional residences,and provide theoretical and practical basis for design of new residences with ecological value.
文摘This paper had illustrated correlation properties of Wisteria sinensis Sweet.and analyzed its cultural connotation,and then made a conclusion of its cultivation and application in landscape architecture.Meanwhile,it summarized the disposition and landscaping forms of W.sinensis Sweet.in landscape architecture,finally discussed its promoting application and proposed some suggestions on its application trend.
文摘The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name and given name, and also the hidden influences of name played on human beings. Moreover, the relationship between development of society and English name will also be concerned because we can not ignore that the development of society has made great effects to English name.According to the whole essay, we can easily realize the origin and connotation of English name through all my researches and analyses.
文摘The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can communicate in human cognition through their comparison;the connotations of many kinds of non-linguistic signs in daily life;the position of non-linguistic signs in linguistic fields;from the above the conclusion can be reached.
文摘Because different peoples have different environments,customs,ways of thinking,religious beliefs,regimes,literature and arts and ways of living,there is no surprise that colors are described diversely in different countries.And they show the partic ular personalities of each nation.And language is not only the carrier of culture,but also it is an important part of culture.In oth er words,culture includes and influences language.People could know culture through language.So only when people combine culture with language can they succeed in communicating with each other.There are various color terms in both Chinese and English,and which have similar or different associations,indications and connotations.So to have a good mastery of the differenc es and similarities of these words and their associations,indications and cultural connotations is a prerequisite for a better under standing of the different cultures of eastern and western countries,which will make the communication easier.This paper will ex plain the four colors:red,white,black and yellow.
文摘This paper aims to analyze the cultural connotations of color words. To successfully translate the expressions relating to colors form Chinese to English or English to Chinese, it is a key step to master the cultural connotations of Chinese and English color words. By comparing the differences of the corresponding color words between Chinese and English, three basic translating methods are generalized.
文摘This paper focuses on the analysis of the connotation and characteristics of online-offline"Golden Courses"of higher vo-cational college English, which lays a good foundation for its construction and application in higher vocational colleges.
文摘It is important for a translator to understand the differences of color terms in their connotations in Chinese and western cultures.The connotations of most color terms are indistinct in Chinese and English,which is likely to affects the communication between countries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41822104,No.41842058,No.41671125
文摘Since the reform and opening up in China, rapid urbanization has boosted the development of economy and society, but it has also been confronted by tremendous challenges.Multidisciplinary research has focused on the issue of a national new type of urbanization planning, leading to a transformation of China’s urbanization strategy. Further research,however, is needed to explore the theoretical basis for this new approach to urbanization.This paper summarizes the process of development of urbanization in China and describes its specific characteristics, including peri-urbanization, special national conditions, complicated factors, and governance system. China’s urbanization makes a great contribution to urbanization on a world scale. Moreover, the literature on the subject demonstrates the significance of urbanization to the discipline of human and economic geography and the scientific connotations of new urbanization, which is people-oriented, harmonious, inclusive, and sustainable. Against a background of humanism, new urbanization represents a transformation from population urbanization to people-oriented urbanization. There are six crucial scientific issues involved: people-oriented urbanization and equalization of basic public services;urbanization with integrated and coordinated urban and rural development;urbanization in the context of resources and environmental carrying capacity and climate change;diverse regional modes;spatial effect and mechanism;and big data and technical innovation. The paper aims to illustrate the theoretical framework of China’s new urbanization, providing references for both theoretical research and policy formulation.
基金supported by National Social Science Fund "Study on the construction of ecological compensation system and the related policies of the water source protection zone"[Grant Number 14BJY027]Project of Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education "Calculation and compensation method of ecological compensation in River Basin"[Grant Number 13YJA790025]
文摘Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source reserve areas.First,this paper reviews the three stages of ecological compensation research progress.Based on the review,using the theory of externality,the ecological environment system of water source reserve areas is then analyzed.This paper argues that the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is a kind of institutional arrangement,which is designed to internalize externalities.Finally,based on the understanding of the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas,five principles for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism are proposed,including the principle of fairness and justice,the principle of equivalence of equality and responsibility,the principle of flexibility and effectiveness,the principle of "earmark funds,and implementation by law," and the principle of government compensation supplemented with market compensation.
文摘Color words, as a part of language, has different cultural connotations in different culture, which usually express strong cultural characteristics. This thesis explores the similarities and differences between the color word"red"and"红色". Further comprehension of color words in different cultural background can help us to communicate with others successfully.
基金supported by National Key Technologies R&D Program[2012BAC19B01]National Key Technologies R&D Program[2012BAC20B04]+1 种基金National Key Technologies R&D Program[2012BAC09B04]China Clean Development Mechanism Fund[1113113]
文摘Global mitigative and adaptive efforts have not been able to effectively address the adverse impacts caused by climate change.Therefore,a direct solution is needed to address the significant resulting loss and damage(L&D).During the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Doha in 2012,the issue of responding to L&D arising from climate change gained sudden traction and became one of the key issues that affected the outcome of the convention.In this paper,a study on the definition and connotations of L&D arising from climate change was conducted,together with an analysis of its relationship with related concepts,namely impacts,vulnerability,and risks.This led to the proposal of an L&D conceptual model that is more comprehensive,with the recognition of the need to address the issue through effective supplementation of existing mitigative and adaptive efforts.A systematic elaboration of an L&D response mechanism was made based on politics,law,and the market,leading to a preliminary presentation of a possible format for an L&D mechanism.Potential academic research directions for L&D were also proposed that could serve as references for the establishment of international and national L&D response mechanisms and related research.
文摘This paper analyzed necessity and laws of natural and cultural resource consumption and creation activities as a branch of economics or research direction, proposed such basic frameworks of landscape economics such as connotations, basic problems and research methods on the basis of sorting out literature. Landscape economics is a social science focusing on the public preferences for natural and humanistic landscapes, and the preference evolution laws, economic laws of landscape resource consumption and creation activities. The basic problems include evaluation of landscape resource value, optimal utilization of landscape resources, landscape resource development and protection policies, formation and creation of diversified landscape structure. The research methods include investigation of consumers' willingness, experiment and behavioral economics, logical reasoning, and case study.
