GPS positioning precision is affected by various error sources, and traditional combinations of GPS carrier phase observations have their own limitations such as the wide-lane, the narrow-lane and the ionospheric-free...GPS positioning precision is affected by various error sources, and traditional combinations of GPS carrier phase observations have their own limitations such as the wide-lane, the narrow-lane and the ionospheric-free combinations. To obtain the optimal positioning precision, a new linear combination method is addressed through the variance-covariance （VCV） of the GPS multi-frequency carrier phase combination equations, and the impact of the positioning precision is analyzed with the changing of the observation errors deduced by the law of error propagation. For the high precision positioning with only one carrier phase combination, the optimal combination method is deduced and further validated by an example of a baseline resolution with 60 km length. The result indicates that this method is the simplest, and the positioning precision is the best. Therefore, it is useful for long baseline quick positioning for different precision requirements in various distances.展开更多
With the development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),geodetic GNSS receivers have been utilized to monitor sea levels using GNSS-Interferometry Reflectometry(GNSS-IR)technology.The multi-mode,multi-freque...With the development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),geodetic GNSS receivers have been utilized to monitor sea levels using GNSS-Interferometry Reflectometry(GNSS-IR)technology.The multi-mode,multi-frequency signals of GPS,GLONASS,Galileo,and Beidou can be used for GNSS-IR sea level retrieval,but combining these retrievals remains problematic.To address this issue,a GNSS-IR sea level retrieval combination system has been developed,which begins by analyzing error sources in GNSS-IR sea level retrieval and establishing and solving the GNSS-IR retrieval equation.This paper focuses on two key points:time window selection and equation stability.The stability of the retrieval combination equations is determined by the condition number of the coefficient matrix within the time window.The impact of ill-conditioned coefficient matrices on the retrieval results is demonstrated using an extreme case of SNR data with only ascending or descending trajectories.After determining the time window and removing ill-conditioned equations,the multi-mode,multi-frequency GNSS-IR retrieval is performed.Results from three International GNSS Service(IGS)stations show that the combination method produces high-precision,high-resolution,and high-reliability sea level retrieval combination sequences.展开更多
The traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms for over/under data combination estimate the ghost operator by assuming a calm sea surface. However, the real sea surface is typically rough, which invalidates the calm s...The traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms for over/under data combination estimate the ghost operator by assuming a calm sea surface. However, the real sea surface is typically rough, which invalidates the calm sea surface assumption. Hence, the traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms might produce poor-quality results in rough sea conditions. We propose an adaptive over/under data combination method, which adaptively estimates the amplitude spectrum of the ghost operator from the over/under data, and then over/under data combinations are implemented using the estimated ghost operators. A synthetic single shot gather is used to verify the performance of the proposed method in rough sea surface conditions and a real triple over/under dataset demonstrates the method performance.展开更多
To resolve the data combination of Phased-array Ground Penetrating Radar (PAGPR), we first build a model of PAGPR and a layered model, and then a new data combination algorithm is presented based on it. This method ca...To resolve the data combination of Phased-array Ground Penetrating Radar (PAGPR), we first build a model of PAGPR and a layered model, and then a new data combination algorithm is presented based on it. This method calculates time delay of multi-receivers, basing on the signal of the nearest receiver, then shifts other signals and adds them up, and gets one signal at last. It has been proved that this method can restrain noise, multiple waves, clutter waves and improve the precision of time location. In the end, an example is given to prove the method's efficiency.展开更多
The present paper proposes a new method of spectrophotometry based on linear combination of multiwavelength data by means of selecting a set of properly weighted coefficients and combination methods. It is clear that ...The present paper proposes a new method of spectrophotometry based on linear combination of multiwavelength data by means of selecting a set of properly weighted coefficients and combination methods. It is clear that the weighted combination absorbance attained is only in direct proportion to the concentration of the analysed component and independent of coexisting interferents.The accuracy of the analytical results is improved greatly for the analysis of light rare earths with the coexistence of heavy rare earths.The analyti- cal error from the reagent blank and co-coloration of light and heavy rare earths have also been overcome. The greatly improved linearity and additivity of absorbance are obtained.展开更多
Edge detection is a commonly requested task in the interpretation of potential field data. Different methods have different results for varied depths and shapes of geological bodies. In this paper,we propose using the...Edge detection is a commonly requested task in the interpretation of potential field data. Different methods have different results for varied depths and shapes of geological bodies. In this paper,we propose using the combination of structure tensor and tilt angle to detect the edges of the sources,which can display the edges of shallow and deep bodies simultaneously. Through tests on synthetic potential field data,it is obvious that the proposed edge detection methods can display the sources edges more clearly and precisely,compared with other commonly used methods. The application on real potential field data shows similar result,obtaining the edges of layers and faults clearly. In addition,another advantage of the new method is its insensitivity to noise.展开更多
Evidence theory is widely used in the field of target recognition. The invalidation problem of this theory when dealing with highly conflict evidences is a research hotspot. Several alternatives of the combination rul...Evidence theory is widely used in the field of target recognition. The invalidation problem of this theory when dealing with highly conflict evidences is a research hotspot. Several alternatives of the combination rule are analyzed and compared. A new combination approach is proposed. Calculate the reliabilities of evidence sources using existing evidences. Construct reliabilities judge matrixes and get the weights of each evidence source. Weight average all inputted evidences. Combine processed evidences with D-S combination rule repeatedly to identify a target. The application in multi-sensor target reeognition as well as the comparison with typical alternatives all validated that this approach can dispose highly conflict evidences efficiently and get reasonable reeognition results rapidly.展开更多
Objective:To explore the rules of acupoint combination in acupuncture treatment of post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy(PBP),based on acupuncture prescriptions retrieved from literature and using complex network analysis.Me...Objective:To explore the rules of acupoint combination in acupuncture treatment of post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy(PBP),based on acupuncture prescriptions retrieved from literature and using complex network analysis.Methods:The articles were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang and VIP databases as the source of data.The eligible articles were selected in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria.The relevant data were extracted to set up the acupoint prescription database in acupuncture treatment of PBP.By using co-occurrence relationship in acupoint prescriptions,the core acupoints and the combination rules were analyzed in acupuncture treatment of PBP.Results:A total of 194 articles were eligible finally,with 202 acupoint prescriptions extracted.19 core acupoints were collected in total,i.e.Liánquán(廉泉CV23),Fēngchí(风池GB20),Bǎihuì(百会GV20),Jīnjīn(金津EX-HN12),Yùyè(玉液EX-HN13),Fēngfǔ(风府GV16),Yǎmén(哑门GV15),Shuǐgōu(水沟GV26),Nèiguān(内关PC6),Fēnglóng(丰隆ST40),Wángǔ(完骨GB12),Sānyīnjiāo(三阴交SP16),Yìfēng(翳风TE17),Tōnglǐ(通里HT5),Tàichōng(太冲LR3),Hégǔ(合谷LI4),Hǎiquán(海泉EX-HN11),Jùquán(聚泉EX-HN10)and Yìntáng(印堂EX-HN3).The core acupoint groups were CV23-GB20,EX-HN12-EX-HN13 and GV26-PC6-SP6.Acupoints were mostly selected from governor vessel.The methods of acupoint combination included the combination of distal and nearby points,and the combination of the acupoints located in the front and on the back.Conclusions:In treatment of PBP with acupuncture,biaoben(manifestation and root cause)theory is emphasized,the methods for dispelling wind,resolving phlegm,regaining consciousness,and opening orifices are recommended.Moreover,the attentions are paid on spirit regulation,holistic adjustment,and syndrome differentiation in treatment.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical application rules of Láogōng(劳宫PC8)by analyzing the comparison and contrast of the practice with this acupoint in ancient times and in present.Methods:Relevant literature befo...Objective:To explore the clinical application rules of Láogōng(劳宫PC8)by analyzing the comparison and contrast of the practice with this acupoint in ancient times and in present.Methods:Relevant literature before October 1,1949 was selected from Chinese Medical Code(Fifth Edition)and Compilation of Moden Chinese Medicine Journals and literature published after October 1,1949 was screened from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNIK),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang),VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP),Chinese BioMedine Database(CBM),Pubmed Database,and Web of Science.After screening,SQL Server database was established.The complex network analysis was conducted by using Gephi and the cluster analysis was performed by SPSS Statistics.Results:Before October 1,1949,Lráogōng(劳宫PC8),on a single use or with a match of Dàlíng(大陵PC7),Guānyuán(关元CV4),and Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36),was mainly used for treating ozostomia and edema due to pregnancy.However,Láogōng(劳宫PC8),on a single use or with a match of Yǒngquán(涌泉KI1),Hégǔ(合谷L14)and Nèiguān(内关PC6)was commonly for the treatment of toothache and the sequelae after wind stroke after October 1 st,1949.Conclusion:Láogōng(劳宫PC8)is mainly used to treat local disorders or diseases pertaining to the pericardium meridian.The single-point therapy was commonly applied before October 1 st,1949,while a combination of other points is more common afterwards and the scope of indication expands,with its application for psychiatry disorders,pain diseases and emergent diseases.Acupoints on the same meridian of Láogōng(劳宫PC8),ying-spring points,the back-shu points and combination between and the upper and the lower are dominated in the selection of supplementary points.The supplementary acupoints with the highest frequency of use were specific acupoints,including five-shu points,yuan-source points,front-mu points,etc。展开更多
This study presents an improved data-driven Model-Free Adaptive Control(MFAC)strategy for attitude stabilization of a partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation. First, a...This study presents an improved data-driven Model-Free Adaptive Control(MFAC)strategy for attitude stabilization of a partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation. First, a novel dynamic linearization data model for the partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances is established. The generalized disturbances composed of external disturbances and dynamic linearization errors are then reconstructed by a Discrete Extended State Observer(DESO). With the dynamic linearization data model and reconstructed information, a DESO-MFAC strategy for the combined spacecraft is proposed based only on input and output data. Next, the input saturation is overcome by introducing an antiwindup compensator. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller when the dynamic properties of the partially constrained combined spacecraft are completely unknown.展开更多
In the paper, for the application of stochastic simulation of ground motion, we put forward a method to determine ″the combined effect of amplification and attenuation″ (combined effect for short) of soft rock site...In the paper, for the application of stochastic simulation of ground motion, we put forward a method to determine ″the combined effect of amplification and attenuation″ (combined effect for short) of soft rock site by using digital seismic data of moderate and small earthquakes. Our approach aims at solving the problem of the combined effect of soft rock site, which is difficult to determine in most regions of China because fewer measures were done for S-wave velocity structure. The combined effect of soft rock site can be determined by using the approach recom- mended by us. An example is given to discuss the practical application of the method.展开更多
Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test t...Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test the ability of combined phylogenetic analyses using both gene sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characteristics.Analyses of both the SSrRNA gene sequences and the combined datasets revealed a consistent branching pattern.While the terminal branches and the order level relationships were generally well resolved,the family level relationships remain unresolved.However,two other trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characters showed limited information,due to a lack of informative sites in these two datasets.Our data suggest,however,that the combined analysis of morphological/morphogenetic characters and gene sequences did produce some changes to the phylogenetic estimates of this group.展开更多
In this study, 16 combinations of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalyzed daily rainfall and the pentad CMAP in China for the period 1980-1993(1 May-31 Dec.) were calculated. Correlati...In this study, 16 combinations of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalyzed daily rainfall and the pentad CMAP in China for the period 1980-1993(1 May-31 Dec.) were calculated. Correlation analysis was used to roughly evaluate daily rainfall for the whole of China and a combination of RPC (rotated principal component) and wavelet analyses was applied to data on observed and combined daily rainfall to obtain a detailed evaluation of the quality of these combined datasets in 6 selected major rainfall regions of eastern China. The results showed that except for intraweekly fluctuation, the best combination was roughly similar to or accorded well with observation in the aspects of space variation patterns and long period rainfall fluctuations related to monsoon onset and serious meteorologic disasters, indicating that this combination yielded better values of long term daily mean and standard deviation through the pentad CMAP (CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation), and can also represent rainfall fluctuations through the reanalyzed daily rainfall.展开更多
Pedo-spectroscopy has the potential to provide valuable information about soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.Nowadays,wemay predict soil properties usingVNIRfield imaging spectra(IS)such as Prisma satell...Pedo-spectroscopy has the potential to provide valuable information about soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.Nowadays,wemay predict soil properties usingVNIRfield imaging spectra(IS)such as Prisma satellite data or laboratory spectra(LS).The primary goal of this study is to investigate machine learning models namely Partial Least Squares Regression(PLSR)and Support Vector Regression(SVR)for the prediction of several soil properties,including clay,sand,silt,organic matter,nitrate NO3-,and calcium carbonate CaCO_(3),using five VNIR spectra dataset combinations(%IS,%LS)as follows:C1(0%IS,100%LS),C2(20%IS,80%LS),C3(50%IS,50%LS),C4(80%IS,20%LS)and C5(100%IS,0%LS).Soil samples were collected at bare soils and at the upper(0–30 cm)layer.The data set has been split into a training dataset 80%of the collected data(n=248)and a validation dataset 20%of the collected data(n=61).The proposed PLSR and SVR models were trained then tested for each dataset combination.According to our results,SVR outperforms PLSR for both:C1(0%IS,100%LS)and C5(100%IS,0%LS).For Soil Organic Matter(SOM)prediction,it achieves(R^(2)=0.79%,RMSE=1.42%)and(R^(2)=0.76%,RMSE=1.3%),respectively.The data fusion has improved the soil property prediction.The highest improvement was obtained for the SOM property(R^(2)=0.80%,RMSE=1.39)when using the SVR model and applying the second Combination C2(20% of IS and 80%LS).展开更多
In the 3D inversion modeling of gravity and magnetic potential field data,the model weighting function is often applied to overcome the skin eff ect of inversion results.However,divergence occurs at the the deep area,...In the 3D inversion modeling of gravity and magnetic potential field data,the model weighting function is often applied to overcome the skin eff ect of inversion results.However,divergence occurs at the the deep area,and artificial weak negative anomalies form around the positive anomalies in the horizontal direction,resulting in a reduction in the overall resolution.To fully utilize the model weighting function,this study constructs a combined model weighting function.First,a new depth weighting function is constructed by adding a regulator into the conventional depth weighting function to overcome the skin eff ect and inhibit the divergence at the deep area of the inversion results.A horizontal weighting function is then constructed by extracting information from the observation data;this function can suppress the formation of artificial weak anomalies and improve the horizontal resolution of the inversion results.Finally,these two functions are coupled to obtain the combined model weighting function,which can replace the conventional depth weighting function in 3D inversion.It improves the vertical and horizontal resolution of the inversion results without increasing the algorithm complexity and calculation amount,is easy to operate,and adapts to any 3D inversion method.Two model experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness,practicability,and anti-noise of the combined model weighting function.Then the function is applied to the 3D inversion of the measured aeromagnetic data in the Jinchuan area in China.The obtained inversion results are in good agreement with the known geological data.展开更多
Because of the uncertainty and randomness of wind speed, wind power has characteristics such as nonlinearity and multiple frequencies. Accurate prediction of wind power is one effective means of improving wind power i...Because of the uncertainty and randomness of wind speed, wind power has characteristics such as nonlinearity and multiple frequencies. Accurate prediction of wind power is one effective means of improving wind power integration. Because the traditional single model cannot fully characterize the fluctuating characteristics of wind power, scholars have attempted to build other prediction models based on empirical mode decomposition(EMD) or ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) to tackle this problem. However, the prediction accuracy of these models is affected by modal aliasing and illusive components. Aimed at these defects, this paper proposes a multi-frequency combination prediction model based on variational mode decomposition(VMD). We use a back propagation neural network(BPNN),autoregressive moving average(ARMA)model, and least square support vector machine(LS-SVM) to predict high, intermediate,and low frequency components,respectively. Based on the predicted values of each component, the BPNN is applied to combine them into a final wind power prediction value.Finally,the prediction performance of the single prediction models(ARMA,BPNN and LS-SVM)and the decomposition prediction models(EMD and EEMD) are used to compare with the proposed VMD model according to the evaluation indices such as average absolute error, mean square error,and root mean square error to validate its feasibility and accuracy. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed VMD model is higher.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Ministry of Education, China(No.2006KDZ05).
文摘GPS positioning precision is affected by various error sources, and traditional combinations of GPS carrier phase observations have their own limitations such as the wide-lane, the narrow-lane and the ionospheric-free combinations. To obtain the optimal positioning precision, a new linear combination method is addressed through the variance-covariance （VCV） of the GPS multi-frequency carrier phase combination equations, and the impact of the positioning precision is analyzed with the changing of the observation errors deduced by the law of error propagation. For the high precision positioning with only one carrier phase combination, the optimal combination method is deduced and further validated by an example of a baseline resolution with 60 km length. The result indicates that this method is the simplest, and the positioning precision is the best. Therefore, it is useful for long baseline quick positioning for different precision requirements in various distances.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42004018)。
文摘With the development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),geodetic GNSS receivers have been utilized to monitor sea levels using GNSS-Interferometry Reflectometry(GNSS-IR)technology.The multi-mode,multi-frequency signals of GPS,GLONASS,Galileo,and Beidou can be used for GNSS-IR sea level retrieval,but combining these retrievals remains problematic.To address this issue,a GNSS-IR sea level retrieval combination system has been developed,which begins by analyzing error sources in GNSS-IR sea level retrieval and establishing and solving the GNSS-IR retrieval equation.This paper focuses on two key points:time window selection and equation stability.The stability of the retrieval combination equations is determined by the condition number of the coefficient matrix within the time window.The impact of ill-conditioned coefficient matrices on the retrieval results is demonstrated using an extreme case of SNR data with only ascending or descending trajectories.After determining the time window and removing ill-conditioned equations,the multi-mode,multi-frequency GNSS-IR retrieval is performed.Results from three International GNSS Service(IGS)stations show that the combination method produces high-precision,high-resolution,and high-reliability sea level retrieval combination sequences.
文摘The traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms for over/under data combination estimate the ghost operator by assuming a calm sea surface. However, the real sea surface is typically rough, which invalidates the calm sea surface assumption. Hence, the traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms might produce poor-quality results in rough sea conditions. We propose an adaptive over/under data combination method, which adaptively estimates the amplitude spectrum of the ghost operator from the over/under data, and then over/under data combinations are implemented using the estimated ghost operators. A synthetic single shot gather is used to verify the performance of the proposed method in rough sea surface conditions and a real triple over/under dataset demonstrates the method performance.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Founda tion of China(50099620)863 Project(2001AA132050-03)
文摘To resolve the data combination of Phased-array Ground Penetrating Radar (PAGPR), we first build a model of PAGPR and a layered model, and then a new data combination algorithm is presented based on it. This method calculates time delay of multi-receivers, basing on the signal of the nearest receiver, then shifts other signals and adds them up, and gets one signal at last. It has been proved that this method can restrain noise, multiple waves, clutter waves and improve the precision of time location. In the end, an example is given to prove the method's efficiency.
文摘The present paper proposes a new method of spectrophotometry based on linear combination of multiwavelength data by means of selecting a set of properly weighted coefficients and combination methods. It is clear that the weighted combination absorbance attained is only in direct proportion to the concentration of the analysed component and independent of coexisting interferents.The accuracy of the analytical results is improved greatly for the analysis of light rare earths with the coexistence of heavy rare earths.The analyti- cal error from the reagent blank and co-coloration of light and heavy rare earths have also been overcome. The greatly improved linearity and additivity of absorbance are obtained.
基金Supported by projects of National Key Research and Development Plan(Nos.2017YFC0601606,2017YFC0602203)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2016ZX05027-002-03)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41604098,41404089)State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.41430322)
文摘Edge detection is a commonly requested task in the interpretation of potential field data. Different methods have different results for varied depths and shapes of geological bodies. In this paper,we propose using the combination of structure tensor and tilt angle to detect the edges of the sources,which can display the edges of shallow and deep bodies simultaneously. Through tests on synthetic potential field data,it is obvious that the proposed edge detection methods can display the sources edges more clearly and precisely,compared with other commonly used methods. The application on real potential field data shows similar result,obtaining the edges of layers and faults clearly. In addition,another advantage of the new method is its insensitivity to noise.
基金This project was supported by the National "863" High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2001AA602021)
文摘Evidence theory is widely used in the field of target recognition. The invalidation problem of this theory when dealing with highly conflict evidences is a research hotspot. Several alternatives of the combination rule are analyzed and compared. A new combination approach is proposed. Calculate the reliabilities of evidence sources using existing evidences. Construct reliabilities judge matrixes and get the weights of each evidence source. Weight average all inputted evidences. Combine processed evidences with D-S combination rule repeatedly to identify a target. The application in multi-sensor target reeognition as well as the comparison with typical alternatives all validated that this approach can dispose highly conflict evidences efficiently and get reasonable reeognition results rapidly.
基金Supported by Qilu Chinese Medicine Academic Heritage Project:[2020]No.132。
文摘Objective:To explore the rules of acupoint combination in acupuncture treatment of post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy(PBP),based on acupuncture prescriptions retrieved from literature and using complex network analysis.Methods:The articles were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang and VIP databases as the source of data.The eligible articles were selected in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria.The relevant data were extracted to set up the acupoint prescription database in acupuncture treatment of PBP.By using co-occurrence relationship in acupoint prescriptions,the core acupoints and the combination rules were analyzed in acupuncture treatment of PBP.Results:A total of 194 articles were eligible finally,with 202 acupoint prescriptions extracted.19 core acupoints were collected in total,i.e.Liánquán(廉泉CV23),Fēngchí(风池GB20),Bǎihuì(百会GV20),Jīnjīn(金津EX-HN12),Yùyè(玉液EX-HN13),Fēngfǔ(风府GV16),Yǎmén(哑门GV15),Shuǐgōu(水沟GV26),Nèiguān(内关PC6),Fēnglóng(丰隆ST40),Wángǔ(完骨GB12),Sānyīnjiāo(三阴交SP16),Yìfēng(翳风TE17),Tōnglǐ(通里HT5),Tàichōng(太冲LR3),Hégǔ(合谷LI4),Hǎiquán(海泉EX-HN11),Jùquán(聚泉EX-HN10)and Yìntáng(印堂EX-HN3).The core acupoint groups were CV23-GB20,EX-HN12-EX-HN13 and GV26-PC6-SP6.Acupoints were mostly selected from governor vessel.The methods of acupoint combination included the combination of distal and nearby points,and the combination of the acupoints located in the front and on the back.Conclusions:In treatment of PBP with acupuncture,biaoben(manifestation and root cause)theory is emphasized,the methods for dispelling wind,resolving phlegm,regaining consciousness,and opening orifices are recommended.Moreover,the attentions are paid on spirit regulation,holistic adjustment,and syndrome differentiation in treatment.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical application rules of Láogōng(劳宫PC8)by analyzing the comparison and contrast of the practice with this acupoint in ancient times and in present.Methods:Relevant literature before October 1,1949 was selected from Chinese Medical Code(Fifth Edition)and Compilation of Moden Chinese Medicine Journals and literature published after October 1,1949 was screened from China National knowledge Infrastructure(CNIK),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang),VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP),Chinese BioMedine Database(CBM),Pubmed Database,and Web of Science.After screening,SQL Server database was established.The complex network analysis was conducted by using Gephi and the cluster analysis was performed by SPSS Statistics.Results:Before October 1,1949,Lráogōng(劳宫PC8),on a single use or with a match of Dàlíng(大陵PC7),Guānyuán(关元CV4),and Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36),was mainly used for treating ozostomia and edema due to pregnancy.However,Láogōng(劳宫PC8),on a single use or with a match of Yǒngquán(涌泉KI1),Hégǔ(合谷L14)and Nèiguān(内关PC6)was commonly for the treatment of toothache and the sequelae after wind stroke after October 1 st,1949.Conclusion:Láogōng(劳宫PC8)is mainly used to treat local disorders or diseases pertaining to the pericardium meridian.The single-point therapy was commonly applied before October 1 st,1949,while a combination of other points is more common afterwards and the scope of indication expands,with its application for psychiatry disorders,pain diseases and emergent diseases.Acupoints on the same meridian of Láogōng(劳宫PC8),ying-spring points,the back-shu points and combination between and the upper and the lower are dominated in the selection of supplementary points.The supplementary acupoints with the highest frequency of use were specific acupoints,including five-shu points,yuan-source points,front-mu points,etc。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61603114,61673135)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.HIT.NSRIF.201826)
文摘This study presents an improved data-driven Model-Free Adaptive Control(MFAC)strategy for attitude stabilization of a partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation. First, a novel dynamic linearization data model for the partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances is established. The generalized disturbances composed of external disturbances and dynamic linearization errors are then reconstructed by a Discrete Extended State Observer(DESO). With the dynamic linearization data model and reconstructed information, a DESO-MFAC strategy for the combined spacecraft is proposed based only on input and output data. Next, the input saturation is overcome by introducing an antiwindup compensator. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller when the dynamic properties of the partially constrained combined spacecraft are completely unknown.
基金The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant No.2002CB412706 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (50468003).
文摘In the paper, for the application of stochastic simulation of ground motion, we put forward a method to determine ″the combined effect of amplification and attenuation″ (combined effect for short) of soft rock site by using digital seismic data of moderate and small earthquakes. Our approach aims at solving the problem of the combined effect of soft rock site, which is difficult to determine in most regions of China because fewer measures were done for S-wave velocity structure. The combined effect of soft rock site can be determined by using the approach recom- mended by us. An example is given to discuss the practical application of the method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30870280)a grant from the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
文摘Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test the ability of combined phylogenetic analyses using both gene sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characteristics.Analyses of both the SSrRNA gene sequences and the combined datasets revealed a consistent branching pattern.While the terminal branches and the order level relationships were generally well resolved,the family level relationships remain unresolved.However,two other trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characters showed limited information,due to a lack of informative sites in these two datasets.Our data suggest,however,that the combined analysis of morphological/morphogenetic characters and gene sequences did produce some changes to the phylogenetic estimates of this group.
文摘In this study, 16 combinations of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) reanalyzed daily rainfall and the pentad CMAP in China for the period 1980-1993(1 May-31 Dec.) were calculated. Correlation analysis was used to roughly evaluate daily rainfall for the whole of China and a combination of RPC (rotated principal component) and wavelet analyses was applied to data on observed and combined daily rainfall to obtain a detailed evaluation of the quality of these combined datasets in 6 selected major rainfall regions of eastern China. The results showed that except for intraweekly fluctuation, the best combination was roughly similar to or accorded well with observation in the aspects of space variation patterns and long period rainfall fluctuations related to monsoon onset and serious meteorologic disasters, indicating that this combination yielded better values of long term daily mean and standard deviation through the pentad CMAP (CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation), and can also represent rainfall fluctuations through the reanalyzed daily rainfall.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R196),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Pedo-spectroscopy has the potential to provide valuable information about soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.Nowadays,wemay predict soil properties usingVNIRfield imaging spectra(IS)such as Prisma satellite data or laboratory spectra(LS).The primary goal of this study is to investigate machine learning models namely Partial Least Squares Regression(PLSR)and Support Vector Regression(SVR)for the prediction of several soil properties,including clay,sand,silt,organic matter,nitrate NO3-,and calcium carbonate CaCO_(3),using five VNIR spectra dataset combinations(%IS,%LS)as follows:C1(0%IS,100%LS),C2(20%IS,80%LS),C3(50%IS,50%LS),C4(80%IS,20%LS)and C5(100%IS,0%LS).Soil samples were collected at bare soils and at the upper(0–30 cm)layer.The data set has been split into a training dataset 80%of the collected data(n=248)and a validation dataset 20%of the collected data(n=61).The proposed PLSR and SVR models were trained then tested for each dataset combination.According to our results,SVR outperforms PLSR for both:C1(0%IS,100%LS)and C5(100%IS,0%LS).For Soil Organic Matter(SOM)prediction,it achieves(R^(2)=0.79%,RMSE=1.42%)and(R^(2)=0.76%,RMSE=1.3%),respectively.The data fusion has improved the soil property prediction.The highest improvement was obtained for the SOM property(R^(2)=0.80%,RMSE=1.39)when using the SVR model and applying the second Combination C2(20% of IS and 80%LS).
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2244220,No.42004125)the China Geological Survey Projects(No.DD20240119,No.DD20243245,No.DD20230114,No.DD20243244)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670601)。
文摘In the 3D inversion modeling of gravity and magnetic potential field data,the model weighting function is often applied to overcome the skin eff ect of inversion results.However,divergence occurs at the the deep area,and artificial weak negative anomalies form around the positive anomalies in the horizontal direction,resulting in a reduction in the overall resolution.To fully utilize the model weighting function,this study constructs a combined model weighting function.First,a new depth weighting function is constructed by adding a regulator into the conventional depth weighting function to overcome the skin eff ect and inhibit the divergence at the deep area of the inversion results.A horizontal weighting function is then constructed by extracting information from the observation data;this function can suppress the formation of artificial weak anomalies and improve the horizontal resolution of the inversion results.Finally,these two functions are coupled to obtain the combined model weighting function,which can replace the conventional depth weighting function in 3D inversion.It improves the vertical and horizontal resolution of the inversion results without increasing the algorithm complexity and calculation amount,is easy to operate,and adapts to any 3D inversion method.Two model experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness,practicability,and anti-noise of the combined model weighting function.Then the function is applied to the 3D inversion of the measured aeromagnetic data in the Jinchuan area in China.The obtained inversion results are in good agreement with the known geological data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51507141)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0401409)the Shaanxi provincial education office fund (No. 17JK0547)
文摘Because of the uncertainty and randomness of wind speed, wind power has characteristics such as nonlinearity and multiple frequencies. Accurate prediction of wind power is one effective means of improving wind power integration. Because the traditional single model cannot fully characterize the fluctuating characteristics of wind power, scholars have attempted to build other prediction models based on empirical mode decomposition(EMD) or ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) to tackle this problem. However, the prediction accuracy of these models is affected by modal aliasing and illusive components. Aimed at these defects, this paper proposes a multi-frequency combination prediction model based on variational mode decomposition(VMD). We use a back propagation neural network(BPNN),autoregressive moving average(ARMA)model, and least square support vector machine(LS-SVM) to predict high, intermediate,and low frequency components,respectively. Based on the predicted values of each component, the BPNN is applied to combine them into a final wind power prediction value.Finally,the prediction performance of the single prediction models(ARMA,BPNN and LS-SVM)and the decomposition prediction models(EMD and EEMD) are used to compare with the proposed VMD model according to the evaluation indices such as average absolute error, mean square error,and root mean square error to validate its feasibility and accuracy. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed VMD model is higher.
