The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds significant potential for various energy conversion and utilization technologies.In particular,the two-electron(2e^(-))ORR process for the electro-synthesis of hydrogen peroxide...The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds significant potential for various energy conversion and utilization technologies.In particular,the two-electron(2e^(-))ORR process for the electro-synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))facilitates the continuous production of this compound.Recently,the application of 2e^(-)ORR in electro-Fenton(EF)technology has garnered substantial attention within the wastewater treatment sector.Despite substantial advancements,challenges remain regarding the activity and stability of oxygen reduction catalysts,as well as the specific reaction conditions,which continue to limit the degradation efficiency of EF technology.Therefore,it is essential to examine the progress in research on 2e^(-)oxygen reduction catalysts and the optimization of EF reaction conditions.This review begins by summarizing the fundamental principles of ORR and EF technologies.It discusses the regulatory strategies for carbon-based and transition metal-based catalysts aimed at improving the yield and selectivity of H_(2)O_(2).Additionally,the optimization methods for EF reaction conditions are outlined,focusing on promoting the regeneration of Fe^(2+)and broadening the operational pH range.The review further elaborates on novel coupling technologies.Finally,it envisions future research prospects to enhance the practicality and feasibility of EF technology in wastewater treatment.展开更多
In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ＂double reduction＂ and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote t...In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ＂double reduction＂ and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote the healthy and steady development of strawberry industry, the goals and key technology of fertilizer-pesticide ＂double reduction＂ and synergism for greenhouse strawberry are summed up in this paper targeting at the current situation of strawberry production and combined with the new technology achievements at home and abroad. The key technology includes six items： healthy seedling cultivating technique, soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacle treatment technique, agricultural ecological prevention tech- nique, physicochemical trap of pest control technique, biological control technique and low residual risk chemical control technique.展开更多
A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the carbothermal reduction technology for the synthesis of LiFePO4/C using LiOH,FePO4 and sucrose as raw materials.The experimental data for fitting the ...A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the carbothermal reduction technology for the synthesis of LiFePO4/C using LiOH,FePO4 and sucrose as raw materials.The experimental data for fitting the response are collected by the central composite rotatable design(CCD).A second order model for the discharge ca-pacity of LiFePO4/C is expressed as a function of sintering temperature,sintering time and carbon content.The ef-fects of individual variables and their interactions are studied by a statistical analysis(ANOVA).The results show that the linear effects and the quadratic effects of sintering temperature,carbon content and the interactions among these variables are statistically significant,while those effects of sintering time are insignificant.Response surface plots for spatial representation of the model illustrate that the discharge capacity depends on sintering temperature and carbon content more than sintering time.The model obtained gives the optimized reaction parameters of sinter-ing temperature at 652.0 ℃,carbon content of 34.33 g?mol-1 and 8.48 h sintering time,corresponding to a dis-charge capacity of 150.8 mA·h·g-1.The confirmatory test with these optimum parameters gives the discharge ca-pacity of 147.2 and 105.1 mA·h·g-1 at 0.5 and 5 C,respectively.展开更多
The refinery of Yanshan Petrochemical Company has twice retrofitted a 2.0-Mt/a RFCC unit with the MIP-CGP technology aimed at maximization of isoparaffins/clean gasoline and increased output of propylene. By modifying...The refinery of Yanshan Petrochemical Company has twice retrofitted a 2.0-Mt/a RFCC unit with the MIP-CGP technology aimed at maximization of isoparaffins/clean gasoline and increased output of propylene. By modifying the riser reactor with addition of the second reaction zone coupled with an added external catalyst cooler outside the regenerator and adoption of the CGP catalyst to control the cracking depth the refiners have realized the target of reducing olefin content in gasoline and increasing the yield of LPG. The results of retrofitting the RFCC unit have revealed that after revamp of FCC unit the yield of LPG was increased by 7.31%, the conversion rate was increased by 9.06%, and the total liquid yield was decreased by 0.3%. After revamp of the RFCC unit the olefin content in gasoline was reduced by 19.5 v%, and the RON rating of gasoline was increased by 0.7 units to meet the demand of Beijing municipality for manufacture of the Olympic clean gasoline.展开更多
This paper introduces the development of Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） technology, the progress in CCS demonstration projects, and regulations and policies related to CCS. Barriers and limitations for the large-s...This paper introduces the development of Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） technology, the progress in CCS demonstration projects, and regulations and policies related to CCS. Barriers and limitations for the large-scale deployment of CCS are discussed. CCS and different technological solutions for emission reduction （e.g., energy conservation and renewable energy） are compared. The analysis shows that China should carefully evaluate the negative impacts of CCS deployment and needs to enhance the research and development input in CCS in order to master core technologies of CCS systems. Furthermore, CCS incentives should depend on actual CCS development. Based on the current situation, China may need to focus on retrofitting existing thermal power plants with CCS technology, so CCS can be promoted for future large-scale application.展开更多
Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_(2)emissions,global energy production...Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_(2)emissions,global energy production will be a major challenge.As a highly intensive materials and energy,iron and steel enterprises,need to be invested to produce one ton of steel about two tons of material and 0.7 t of standard coal energy,and while producing two tons of CO_(2).Therefore,reducing CO_(2)emissions from iron and steel industry has become the focus of the global steel industry.This paper describes an integrated domestic and international measures to control carbon dioxide emissions research progress and future technology trends,with emphasis on the domestic steel industry emissions of carbon dioxide status of technology development and industrialization of implementation of the proposed on this basis,including dry quenching technology,gas,power generation,coal moisture control technology,blast furnace injection plastics technology,the use of coking process for treating municipal waste plastics technology,sintering heat generation,low pressure saturated steam for power generation,metallurgical slag heat recovery technology,coke oven gas hydrogen technology and the other key technologies energy saving technologies,including the development,promotion and popularization of the steel industry in China will be the CO_(2)emission reduction technology direction and focus.At this stage,the Chinese steel industry can be improved the energy efficiency and recycling of waste heat and energy,reduce unit GDP,CO_(2)emissions;but in the long run,should increase CO_(2)capture and storage on the input of technology can possible effective control of the adverse effects of CO_(2)emissions.展开更多
This paper systematically presents the state-of-the-art of preparedness and reduction of earthquake disasters in China. It contains abundant information on the goal, policy, working links, administrative organizations...This paper systematically presents the state-of-the-art of preparedness and reduction of earthquake disasters in China. It contains abundant information on the goal, policy, working links, administrative organizations, and main scientific and technological approaches for earthquake disaster reduction in this country. The focus is placed on "taking science and technology as the foundation" and "management based on legal system."展开更多
As an advanced dry head-end processing of spent fuel reprocessing, the oxidation-reduction volatilization technology will use for pulverizing uranium oxide ceramic pellets, decladding, and removal of most of volatile ...As an advanced dry head-end processing of spent fuel reprocessing, the oxidation-reduction volatilization technology will use for pulverizing uranium oxide ceramic pellets, decladding, and removal of most of volatile and semi-volatile fission elements, 3H, 14C, Kr, Xe, I, Cs, Ru and Tc, from fuel prior to main treatment process. The AIROX and ORIOX process, including circulation of oxidation in oxygen atmosphere and reduction in hydrogen atmosphere, researched on international at present, is considered to be the first choice for head-end processing.展开更多
With the continuous development of the times, the actual demand for chemical products in the current society only increases, so we should pay attention to the use quality and safety quality of chemical products. Consi...With the continuous development of the times, the actual demand for chemical products in the current society only increases, so we should pay attention to the use quality and safety quality of chemical products. Considering the potential safety hazards of chemical products, it is necessary to improve the production process of chemical products, improve the chemical production technology, gradually improve the safety management system of chemical production and manufacturing, and effectively integrate the energy-saving and consumption reduction technology into the chemical production process, so as to give full play to the role of energy-saving and consumption reduction concept.展开更多
In the operation process of the power plant, the boiler is the most important equipment, and the boiler operation consumes a lot of energy and increases the burden of the enterprises. In order to comprehensively impro...In the operation process of the power plant, the boiler is the most important equipment, and the boiler operation consumes a lot of energy and increases the burden of the enterprises. In order to comprehensively improve the environmental level and ensure the economic benefits of enterprises, we should advocate the concept of energy conservation in the whole society, and do a good job in the overall economic structural adjustment, so as to promote the rapid economic development. The problem of energy saving and consumption reduction in power plant boilers has attracted wide attention. Through the scientific and reasonable application of energy saving and consumption reduction technology, it can greatly save energy, reduce environmental pollution, but also improve the overall efficiency of power plants, and promote the healthy development of power plants.展开更多
With the continuous development and gradual advancement of curriculum reform, earth-shaking changes have taken place in teaching content and teaching form in the new era, especially under the background of the current...With the continuous development and gradual advancement of curriculum reform, earth-shaking changes have taken place in teaching content and teaching form in the new era, especially under the background of the current "double reduction" policy. How to help students reduce stress and acquire knowledge efficiently has become a key research issue for teachers. At present, in the development of information technology course education in junior middle schools, it has become a key research topic and a key factor for the sustainable development of education industry to enhance students hands-on ability and cooperative learning ability, increase students communication opportunities and enhance the effectiveness of information technology classroom development in junior middle schools. Therefore, in the current classroom of information technology education in junior middle schools, teachers should constantly implement the "double reduction" policy, on the basis of reducing the burden and pressure of students, enhance the teaching efficiency of classroom education, lay the foundation for students cooperative development and make the classroom develop more efficiently.展开更多
Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates enormous amounts of carbon emission and has tr...Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates enormous amounts of carbon emission and has tremendous potential in carbon reduction. Considering the consistently increasing demand of iron and steel, to obtain significant carbon reduction by reducing the steel production is not practical, thus the development and implementa- tion of carbon reduction programs and technologies is important for the steel industry. Despite the significant poten- tial of carbon reduction in the steel industry, ironmaking and steelmaking processes are complex. Therefore, resear- ches and developments for the carbon reduction must focus on key processes. Here, key processes and technologies adopted in ULCOS program in EU, COURSE 50 program in Japan, POSCO program in South Korea, AISI pro- grams in US and other carbon reduction programs are summarized and evaluated, and feasible suggestions for carbon reduction in developing countries are presented. If effective measures can be referred to and taken in developing coun- tries, global carbon emission can be greatly reduced.展开更多
Concern about global climate change is growing, and many projects and researchers are committed to reducing greenhouse gases from all possible sources. International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a target of 20%...Concern about global climate change is growing, and many projects and researchers are committed to reducing greenhouse gases from all possible sources. International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a target of 20% CO2 reduction from shipping by 2020 and also presented a series of carbon emission reduction methods, which are known as Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator (EEOI). Reviews on carbon emission reduction from all industries indicate that, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an excellent solution to global warming. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review of EEDI and EEOI and CCS is conducted and involves reviewing current policies, introducing common technologies, and considering their feasibilities for marine activities, mainly shipping. Current projects are also presented in this paper, thereby illustrating that carbon emission reduction has been the subject of attention from all over the world. Two case ship studies indicate the economic feasibility of carbon emission reduction and provide a guide for CCS system application and practical installation on ships.展开更多
Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodi...Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products.The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products.The implications and limitations of each approach were discussed.Green technologies treatments,such as ultrasonic technology,high-pressure processing,seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products.However,these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products.A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect.In addition,different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.展开更多
Amid growing global attention to low-carbon transitions,the environmental effects of rural tourism remain theoretically underexplored.Drawing on Ecological Modernization Theory(EMT),this study examines whether and how...Amid growing global attention to low-carbon transitions,the environmental effects of rural tourism remain theoretically underexplored.Drawing on Ecological Modernization Theory(EMT),this study examines whether and how rural tourism contributes to carbon emission reduction in China.Using a quasi-natural experiment based on the designation of National Demonstration Counties for Rural Tourism,we construct panel data for 273 cities from 2006 to 2022 and employ a difference-in-differences model to identify causal effects.Results show that rural tourism significantly reduces carbon emissions,particularly through three mechanisms:improved digital infrastructure,enhanced technological innovation,and greater adoption of clean energy.Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger effects in eastern regions,non-tourism-dominated cities,and areas with rich tourism resources.This study contributes to the literature by extending EMT into rural service economies,proposing a multi-pathway framework for understanding tourism-driven decarbonization,and providing empirical insights into the role of tourism in national climate strategies.展开更多
The particle size of starting materials, the homogeneity of the carbon/oxide mixtures, and the carbon content are important parameters for a rapid reaction. The influences of technological parameters（carbon particle...The particle size of starting materials, the homogeneity of the carbon/oxide mixtures, and the carbon content are important parameters for a rapid reaction. The influences of technological parameters（carbon particle size, oxide particle size, mixing method, carbon content） on the reaction rate of carbothermal reduction and nitridation of titanium dioxide （TiO2 ） were investigated by a continuous thermo-gravimetric analyzer for large size specimen. The carbon particle size is the most impor tant parameter for a rapid reaction, but carbon particle may have no influence on the morphology of titanium nitride （TiN） powder. Oxide particles are the precursors of TiN powder, but the TiO2 particles size has very little influence on the reaction rate. The carbon content not only influences the reaction rate to some degree, but also influences the purity of TiN powder. The mixing method of the specimen has very little influence on the reaction rate. These results are suitable for other nitrides and carbides prepared by carbothermal reduction method.展开更多
On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In ...On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.展开更多
The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical product...The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.展开更多
The utilization of fossil fuels causes serious negative impacts on the environment and human life. To mitigate greenhouse gases and other pollutants, a novel combustion process-the nonflame combustion technology with ...The utilization of fossil fuels causes serious negative impacts on the environment and human life. To mitigate greenhouse gases and other pollutants, a novel combustion process-the nonflame combustion technology with a thermal cyclic carrier of molten salt is introduced. In this technology, a whole combustion is divided into two steps, i.e., the section of producing oxide and the section of combustion. In the first step, oxygen is separated from air, and pure N_2 is simultaneously formed which is easily recovered. In the other step, the fuels react with lattice oxygen in the oxides formed in the first step, and at the same time, thermal energy, CO_2 and H_2O vapor are produced. It is noted that the CO_2 is easily separated from water vapor and ultimately captured. Theoretically, there are no environmental-unfriendly gases such as CO_2, NO_x and SO_2 discharged in the whole combustion process. Some metal oxides scattered into molten salts play the roles of oxygen carriers in the combustion system, and they can constantly charge and discharge oxygen element from air to fuels during the combustion process. A nonflame combustion system with Li_2CO_3+K_2CO_3+Na_2SO_4 as the molten salt system, CH_4 as the fuel and CuO as the catalyst was experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the combustion process proceeded as it was theoretically analyzed, and CO_2 with a high volume fraction of 77.0%_95.0% and N_2 with a high volume fraction of 91.9%_99.3% were obtained. The high concentration of CO_2 is favorable for capturing and storing subsequently. Therefore, the potential of reducing CO_2 emissions of this nonflame combustion technology is huge.展开更多
S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts utilize the synergistic and superposition effects of materials,ef-fectively separating electrons and holes,maintaining strong redox capacity,and addressing issues en-countered b...S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts utilize the synergistic and superposition effects of materials,ef-fectively separating electrons and holes,maintaining strong redox capacity,and addressing issues en-countered by current photocatalytic reactions.This review explores the origins and unique benefits of S-scheme heterojunctions.Specifically,we summarized and discussed the effects of different dimensions of semiconductors constituting S-scheme heterojunctions and the similarities and differences in elec-tron transfer processes when constructing heterojunctions.Additionally,we analyzed several methods for proving the formation of S-scheme heterojunctions and the electron transfer process,both directly and indirectly.Finally,we review the applications of S-scheme heterojunctions in various fields of photo-catalysis,including photocatalytic water splitting,pollution degradation,CO_(2) reduction and other related photocatalytic applications.Our hope is that this review will provide an essential reference for the devel-opment and application of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysis.展开更多
基金support of this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209021,22179034)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2024B001)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z24006)。
文摘The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds significant potential for various energy conversion and utilization technologies.In particular,the two-electron(2e^(-))ORR process for the electro-synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))facilitates the continuous production of this compound.Recently,the application of 2e^(-)ORR in electro-Fenton(EF)technology has garnered substantial attention within the wastewater treatment sector.Despite substantial advancements,challenges remain regarding the activity and stability of oxygen reduction catalysts,as well as the specific reaction conditions,which continue to limit the degradation efficiency of EF technology.Therefore,it is essential to examine the progress in research on 2e^(-)oxygen reduction catalysts and the optimization of EF reaction conditions.This review begins by summarizing the fundamental principles of ORR and EF technologies.It discusses the regulatory strategies for carbon-based and transition metal-based catalysts aimed at improving the yield and selectivity of H_(2)O_(2).Additionally,the optimization methods for EF reaction conditions are outlined,focusing on promoting the regeneration of Fe^(2+)and broadening the operational pH range.The review further elaborates on novel coupling technologies.Finally,it envisions future research prospects to enhance the practicality and feasibility of EF technology in wastewater treatment.
基金Supported by Demonstration and Promotion Project of Shanghai Municipal Committee of Agriculture[HNKT(2015)2-7]Jiangsu Agricultural"Three New Engineering"Project[SXGC(2017)208]Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(15)1029]~~
文摘In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ＂double reduction＂ and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote the healthy and steady development of strawberry industry, the goals and key technology of fertilizer-pesticide ＂double reduction＂ and synergism for greenhouse strawberry are summed up in this paper targeting at the current situation of strawberry production and combined with the new technology achievements at home and abroad. The key technology includes six items： healthy seedling cultivating technique, soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacle treatment technique, agricultural ecological prevention tech- nique, physicochemical trap of pest control technique, biological control technique and low residual risk chemical control technique.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50474092)GXNSFA (2011GXNSFA018015)
文摘A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the carbothermal reduction technology for the synthesis of LiFePO4/C using LiOH,FePO4 and sucrose as raw materials.The experimental data for fitting the response are collected by the central composite rotatable design(CCD).A second order model for the discharge ca-pacity of LiFePO4/C is expressed as a function of sintering temperature,sintering time and carbon content.The ef-fects of individual variables and their interactions are studied by a statistical analysis(ANOVA).The results show that the linear effects and the quadratic effects of sintering temperature,carbon content and the interactions among these variables are statistically significant,while those effects of sintering time are insignificant.Response surface plots for spatial representation of the model illustrate that the discharge capacity depends on sintering temperature and carbon content more than sintering time.The model obtained gives the optimized reaction parameters of sinter-ing temperature at 652.0 ℃,carbon content of 34.33 g?mol-1 and 8.48 h sintering time,corresponding to a dis-charge capacity of 150.8 mA·h·g-1.The confirmatory test with these optimum parameters gives the discharge ca-pacity of 147.2 and 105.1 mA·h·g-1 at 0.5 and 5 C,respectively.
文摘The refinery of Yanshan Petrochemical Company has twice retrofitted a 2.0-Mt/a RFCC unit with the MIP-CGP technology aimed at maximization of isoparaffins/clean gasoline and increased output of propylene. By modifying the riser reactor with addition of the second reaction zone coupled with an added external catalyst cooler outside the regenerator and adoption of the CGP catalyst to control the cracking depth the refiners have realized the target of reducing olefin content in gasoline and increasing the yield of LPG. The results of retrofitting the RFCC unit have revealed that after revamp of FCC unit the yield of LPG was increased by 7.31%, the conversion rate was increased by 9.06%, and the total liquid yield was decreased by 0.3%. After revamp of the RFCC unit the olefin content in gasoline was reduced by 19.5 v%, and the RON rating of gasoline was increased by 0.7 units to meet the demand of Beijing municipality for manufacture of the Olympic clean gasoline.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China under Grant No.70825001 and 70941039
文摘This paper introduces the development of Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS） technology, the progress in CCS demonstration projects, and regulations and policies related to CCS. Barriers and limitations for the large-scale deployment of CCS are discussed. CCS and different technological solutions for emission reduction （e.g., energy conservation and renewable energy） are compared. The analysis shows that China should carefully evaluate the negative impacts of CCS deployment and needs to enhance the research and development input in CCS in order to master core technologies of CCS systems. Furthermore, CCS incentives should depend on actual CCS development. Based on the current situation, China may need to focus on retrofitting existing thermal power plants with CCS technology, so CCS can be promoted for future large-scale application.
文摘Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_(2)emissions,global energy production will be a major challenge.As a highly intensive materials and energy,iron and steel enterprises,need to be invested to produce one ton of steel about two tons of material and 0.7 t of standard coal energy,and while producing two tons of CO_(2).Therefore,reducing CO_(2)emissions from iron and steel industry has become the focus of the global steel industry.This paper describes an integrated domestic and international measures to control carbon dioxide emissions research progress and future technology trends,with emphasis on the domestic steel industry emissions of carbon dioxide status of technology development and industrialization of implementation of the proposed on this basis,including dry quenching technology,gas,power generation,coal moisture control technology,blast furnace injection plastics technology,the use of coking process for treating municipal waste plastics technology,sintering heat generation,low pressure saturated steam for power generation,metallurgical slag heat recovery technology,coke oven gas hydrogen technology and the other key technologies energy saving technologies,including the development,promotion and popularization of the steel industry in China will be the CO_(2)emission reduction technology direction and focus.At this stage,the Chinese steel industry can be improved the energy efficiency and recycling of waste heat and energy,reduce unit GDP,CO_(2)emissions;but in the long run,should increase CO_(2)capture and storage on the input of technology can possible effective control of the adverse effects of CO_(2)emissions.
文摘This paper systematically presents the state-of-the-art of preparedness and reduction of earthquake disasters in China. It contains abundant information on the goal, policy, working links, administrative organizations, and main scientific and technological approaches for earthquake disaster reduction in this country. The focus is placed on "taking science and technology as the foundation" and "management based on legal system."
文摘As an advanced dry head-end processing of spent fuel reprocessing, the oxidation-reduction volatilization technology will use for pulverizing uranium oxide ceramic pellets, decladding, and removal of most of volatile and semi-volatile fission elements, 3H, 14C, Kr, Xe, I, Cs, Ru and Tc, from fuel prior to main treatment process. The AIROX and ORIOX process, including circulation of oxidation in oxygen atmosphere and reduction in hydrogen atmosphere, researched on international at present, is considered to be the first choice for head-end processing.
文摘With the continuous development of the times, the actual demand for chemical products in the current society only increases, so we should pay attention to the use quality and safety quality of chemical products. Considering the potential safety hazards of chemical products, it is necessary to improve the production process of chemical products, improve the chemical production technology, gradually improve the safety management system of chemical production and manufacturing, and effectively integrate the energy-saving and consumption reduction technology into the chemical production process, so as to give full play to the role of energy-saving and consumption reduction concept.
文摘In the operation process of the power plant, the boiler is the most important equipment, and the boiler operation consumes a lot of energy and increases the burden of the enterprises. In order to comprehensively improve the environmental level and ensure the economic benefits of enterprises, we should advocate the concept of energy conservation in the whole society, and do a good job in the overall economic structural adjustment, so as to promote the rapid economic development. The problem of energy saving and consumption reduction in power plant boilers has attracted wide attention. Through the scientific and reasonable application of energy saving and consumption reduction technology, it can greatly save energy, reduce environmental pollution, but also improve the overall efficiency of power plants, and promote the healthy development of power plants.
文摘With the continuous development and gradual advancement of curriculum reform, earth-shaking changes have taken place in teaching content and teaching form in the new era, especially under the background of the current "double reduction" policy. How to help students reduce stress and acquire knowledge efficiently has become a key research issue for teachers. At present, in the development of information technology course education in junior middle schools, it has become a key research topic and a key factor for the sustainable development of education industry to enhance students hands-on ability and cooperative learning ability, increase students communication opportunities and enhance the effectiveness of information technology classroom development in junior middle schools. Therefore, in the current classroom of information technology education in junior middle schools, teachers should constantly implement the "double reduction" policy, on the basis of reducing the burden and pressure of students, enhance the teaching efficiency of classroom education, lay the foundation for students cooperative development and make the classroom develop more efficiently.
基金Sponsored by National Key Technology Research and Development Program in 12th Five-year Plan of China(2013BAE07B00)
文摘Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates enormous amounts of carbon emission and has tremendous potential in carbon reduction. Considering the consistently increasing demand of iron and steel, to obtain significant carbon reduction by reducing the steel production is not practical, thus the development and implementa- tion of carbon reduction programs and technologies is important for the steel industry. Despite the significant poten- tial of carbon reduction in the steel industry, ironmaking and steelmaking processes are complex. Therefore, resear- ches and developments for the carbon reduction must focus on key processes. Here, key processes and technologies adopted in ULCOS program in EU, COURSE 50 program in Japan, POSCO program in South Korea, AISI pro- grams in US and other carbon reduction programs are summarized and evaluated, and feasible suggestions for carbon reduction in developing countries are presented. If effective measures can be referred to and taken in developing coun- tries, global carbon emission can be greatly reduced.
文摘Concern about global climate change is growing, and many projects and researchers are committed to reducing greenhouse gases from all possible sources. International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a target of 20% CO2 reduction from shipping by 2020 and also presented a series of carbon emission reduction methods, which are known as Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator (EEOI). Reviews on carbon emission reduction from all industries indicate that, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an excellent solution to global warming. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review of EEDI and EEOI and CCS is conducted and involves reviewing current policies, introducing common technologies, and considering their feasibilities for marine activities, mainly shipping. Current projects are also presented in this paper, thereby illustrating that carbon emission reduction has been the subject of attention from all over the world. Two case ship studies indicate the economic feasibility of carbon emission reduction and provide a guide for CCS system application and practical installation on ships.
基金financially supported by Youth Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology(SKXRC202317)the Open Project of Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Key Laboratory of Alcoholic Beverages Quality and Safety of China Light Industry(FQS-202201)+3 种基金Characteristic Innovation Project of Guangdong Universities(2022KTSCX058)Special Projects in Key Field of Guangdong Universities(2022ZDZX4015,2022ZDZX4016)Guangdong Maoming Binhai New Area Marine Fishery Industrial Park Project(0835-220FA8102621)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology(2021B1212040013)。
文摘Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used additives in meat curing.However,cured meat products contribute to a portion of the total sodium dietary intake.Consumers and researchers'concern about excessive sodium intake has prompted the food industry to consider ways to reduce salt content of cured meat products.The aim of this review is to provide a broad but comprehensive understanding of salt reduction strategies for cured meat products.The implications and limitations of each approach were discussed.Green technologies treatments,such as ultrasonic technology,high-pressure processing,seem to be potential to ensure microbiological safety in low-sodium cured meat products.However,these novel technologies can cause protein and fat oxidization in meat products.A combination of multiple treatments could give the desired effect.In addition,different parameter conditions need to be set according to the specific meat to achieve better salt reduction effect.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.23BJY142).
文摘Amid growing global attention to low-carbon transitions,the environmental effects of rural tourism remain theoretically underexplored.Drawing on Ecological Modernization Theory(EMT),this study examines whether and how rural tourism contributes to carbon emission reduction in China.Using a quasi-natural experiment based on the designation of National Demonstration Counties for Rural Tourism,we construct panel data for 273 cities from 2006 to 2022 and employ a difference-in-differences model to identify causal effects.Results show that rural tourism significantly reduces carbon emissions,particularly through three mechanisms:improved digital infrastructure,enhanced technological innovation,and greater adoption of clean energy.Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger effects in eastern regions,non-tourism-dominated cities,and areas with rich tourism resources.This study contributes to the literature by extending EMT into rural service economies,proposing a multi-pathway framework for understanding tourism-driven decarbonization,and providing empirical insights into the role of tourism in national climate strategies.
文摘The particle size of starting materials, the homogeneity of the carbon/oxide mixtures, and the carbon content are important parameters for a rapid reaction. The influences of technological parameters（carbon particle size, oxide particle size, mixing method, carbon content） on the reaction rate of carbothermal reduction and nitridation of titanium dioxide （TiO2 ） were investigated by a continuous thermo-gravimetric analyzer for large size specimen. The carbon particle size is the most impor tant parameter for a rapid reaction, but carbon particle may have no influence on the morphology of titanium nitride （TiN） powder. Oxide particles are the precursors of TiN powder, but the TiO2 particles size has very little influence on the reaction rate. The carbon content not only influences the reaction rate to some degree, but also influences the purity of TiN powder. The mixing method of the specimen has very little influence on the reaction rate. These results are suitable for other nitrides and carbides prepared by carbothermal reduction method.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CZY23014)Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation(19ZDA085)。
文摘On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51704216)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing(Nos.41620025,41620026,and 41621009)+1 种基金the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of University of ScienceTechnology Beijing(Fundamental Research Funds f or the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-20-014)。
文摘The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5 0 16 4 0 0 2 ) and Science & Technology Foundationof Baoshan Iron and Steel Co.L td
文摘The utilization of fossil fuels causes serious negative impacts on the environment and human life. To mitigate greenhouse gases and other pollutants, a novel combustion process-the nonflame combustion technology with a thermal cyclic carrier of molten salt is introduced. In this technology, a whole combustion is divided into two steps, i.e., the section of producing oxide and the section of combustion. In the first step, oxygen is separated from air, and pure N_2 is simultaneously formed which is easily recovered. In the other step, the fuels react with lattice oxygen in the oxides formed in the first step, and at the same time, thermal energy, CO_2 and H_2O vapor are produced. It is noted that the CO_2 is easily separated from water vapor and ultimately captured. Theoretically, there are no environmental-unfriendly gases such as CO_2, NO_x and SO_2 discharged in the whole combustion process. Some metal oxides scattered into molten salts play the roles of oxygen carriers in the combustion system, and they can constantly charge and discharge oxygen element from air to fuels during the combustion process. A nonflame combustion system with Li_2CO_3+K_2CO_3+Na_2SO_4 as the molten salt system, CH_4 as the fuel and CuO as the catalyst was experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the combustion process proceeded as it was theoretically analyzed, and CO_2 with a high volume fraction of 77.0%_95.0% and N_2 with a high volume fraction of 91.9%_99.3% were obtained. The high concentration of CO_2 is favorable for capturing and storing subsequently. Therefore, the potential of reducing CO_2 emissions of this nonflame combustion technology is huge.
基金the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108133,51972180,and 41907315)the Science,Education and Industry Integration of Basic Research Projects of Qilu University of Technology(No.2022PY062)the Youth Innovation Team Development Plan of Universities in Shandong Province(No.2021KJ056).
文摘S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts utilize the synergistic and superposition effects of materials,ef-fectively separating electrons and holes,maintaining strong redox capacity,and addressing issues en-countered by current photocatalytic reactions.This review explores the origins and unique benefits of S-scheme heterojunctions.Specifically,we summarized and discussed the effects of different dimensions of semiconductors constituting S-scheme heterojunctions and the similarities and differences in elec-tron transfer processes when constructing heterojunctions.Additionally,we analyzed several methods for proving the formation of S-scheme heterojunctions and the electron transfer process,both directly and indirectly.Finally,we review the applications of S-scheme heterojunctions in various fields of photo-catalysis,including photocatalytic water splitting,pollution degradation,CO_(2) reduction and other related photocatalytic applications.Our hope is that this review will provide an essential reference for the devel-opment and application of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysis.
