BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical...BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical implications of high body mass index(BMI)on survival outcomes in ALF.AIM To explore the impact of overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of patients with ALF.METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted involving patients with ALF admitted to the Johns Hopkins Health System between January 1,2000 and May 1,2020.We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify outcomes,including the need for liver transplantation(LT)or all-cause mortality.RESULTS A total of 196 patients were included,the median age was 43.5 years,63.3%were female,and 59.7%were of Caucasian ethnicity.Acetaminophen-induced ALF was the most common etiology(45%).The mean BMI was significantly greater among patients who underwent LT or died(29.64 kg/m^(2)vs 26.59 kg/m^(2),P=0.008)than among survivors.Patients with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT by 2.22-fold(95%CI:1.30-3.78)and 2.04-fold(95%CI:1.29-3.39),respectively.Elevated BMI was associated with renal failure and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy.Derangements in serologic markers,including alanine transaminase,lactate,and ammonia,were associated with a mortality risk or need for LT.CONCLUSION In this large,retrospective study,with a diverse cohort of United States patients,Overweight and obese were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT.This work highlights the importance of closely monitoring ALF patients who are overweight or obese for adverse complications and measures to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.展开更多
Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the lower airways (LAs) constitute a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring immediate management. The objective of our study was to describe the patient pathway and manag...Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the lower airways (LAs) constitute a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring immediate management. The objective of our study was to describe the patient pathway and management of foreign bodies in the lower airways. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted over a 6-year period (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019) in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Donka National Hospital. Results: We observed a prevalence of 1.79%. The average age was 5.71 years, with a sex ratio of 1.2. However, 82.61% of the cases originated from rural areas. We noted that 78.83% of patients were referred after visiting 1 to 2 healthcare facilities (75.36%). The consultation delay was 3 days. Penetration syndrome was present in 98.56% of cases. The foreign body incidents occurred during play in 54.84% and during meals in 29.09% of cases. Radiographs were performed in 93.9% of cases. Endoscopy was used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in all patients. The foreign bodies were located in the trachea (37.68%), larynx (26.08%), and bronchi (21.73%). Non-organic foreign bodies were predominant (52.17%). Postoperative outcomes were uncomplicated in 95.98% of cases, and the lethality rate was 2.85%. Conclusion: The pathway of patients with foreign bodies in the airways remains unpredictable in our context due to parental hesitations. Early management reduces morbidity and mortality rates.展开更多
Introduction: Conjunctival granulomas are tumor pathologies of various origins. A foreign body, whatever its nature, is often involved in its genesis. To date, there is very little data on foreign body conjunctival gr...Introduction: Conjunctival granulomas are tumor pathologies of various origins. A foreign body, whatever its nature, is often involved in its genesis. To date, there is very little data on foreign body conjunctival granulomas, the prevalence would be approximately 10% and their underestimation is probably linked to the inconsistency of their clinical presentation. Patient and Observations: We report a case of conjunctival granuloma caused by a metallic foreign body that went unnoticed in a young boy, the interest of rigor on primary protection measures for high-risk occupations, and of the strict application of the diagnostic protocol relating to ocular trauma. Discussion: foreign body granulomas, despite their usually harmless nature, can jeopardize the anatomical and functional prognosis of the affected eye. Only a detailed interview and a meticulous clinical examination allow the diagnosis to be made and the distinction to be made with conjunctival granulomas of different causes. Conclusion: the possibility of the involvement of a foreign body in the genesis of conjunctival granulomas must impose the rigorous application of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.展开更多
The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts....The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS...BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.展开更多
The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weigh...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.展开更多
The strength of backfill body is a crucial parameter in backfilling mining,and the failure process of cemented backfill body is essentially an energy dissipation process.To investigate the effects of curing age and ce...The strength of backfill body is a crucial parameter in backfilling mining,and the failure process of cemented backfill body is essentially an energy dissipation process.To investigate the effects of curing age and cement-sand ratio on the strength and energy consumption of backfill,whole tailings were used as aggregate to prepare slurry with mass concentration of 74%,and the slurry with cement-sand ratio of 1:4,1:6,1:8 and 1:12 was poured into backfill.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on backfill body specimens that had been cured for 7 days,14 days,28 days,and 45 days.It aims at studying the compressive strength,damage,energy storage limit,energy dissipation,and crack propagation of the fill.The results show that when the cement-sand ratio is held constant,the strength of the backfill increases with curing age.Simultaneously,when the curing age is fixed,the strength is positively correlated with the cement-sand ratio.During uniaxial compression tests,it is observed that the pre-peak energy consumption,post-peak energy consumption,total energy consumption,and unit volume strain energy of the cemented backfill body exhibit exponential relationships with both curing age and cement-sand ratio.The energy storage limit of the backfill reflects its capacity to absorb energy prior to failure,while the relationship between damage and energy consumption provides an accurate depiction of its internal failure mechanisms at different stages.In the failure process of the cemented backfill body,primary cracks accompany secondary cracks,many microcracks initiate and propagate from the stress direction,and crack propagation consumes a significant amount of energy.This study on the strength,energy storage limit,and failure of the cemented backfill body can provide valuable insights for mine safety production.展开更多
We show that the volume of the projection bodyΠ(Z)of an n-dimensional zonotope Z with n+1 generators and of volume 1 is always exactly 2^(n).Moroever,we point out that an upper bound on the volume ofΠ(K)of a central...We show that the volume of the projection bodyΠ(Z)of an n-dimensional zonotope Z with n+1 generators and of volume 1 is always exactly 2^(n).Moroever,we point out that an upper bound on the volume ofΠ(K)of a centrally symmetric n-dimensional convex body of volume 1 is at least 2^(n)(9/8)^([n/3]).展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal foreign bodies represent a significant clinical challenge in em-ergency and surgical settings.While accidental ingestion predominates in healthy adults,intentional ingestion is frequently o...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal foreign bodies represent a significant clinical challenge in em-ergency and surgical settings.While accidental ingestion predominates in healthy adults,intentional ingestion is frequently observed in pediatric,psychiatric,and incarcerated populations.Metallic sewing needles,characterized by their sharp morphology and high mobility,pose particular risks of visceral injury and com-plications due to their penetrative potential.Although preoperative imaging facilitates initial localization,subsequent migration of multiple needles com-plicates therapeutic interventions,increasing procedural complexity and patient risk.CASE SUMMARY We present a novel application of magnetic-assisted localization in managing a complex case of intentional ingestion of 30 metallic sewing needles in a psy-chiatric patient.The widespread distribution of needles throughout the gas-trointestinal tract necessitated an innovative surgical approach.Intraoperative implementation of cylindrical magnetic localization technology enabled precise identification and successful extraction of all foreign bodies while minimizing tissue trauma.CONCLUSION Magnetic-assisted localization represents an effective and safe technique to manage multiple magnetic gastrointestinal foreign bodies.This approach offers significant advantages in complex cases,particularly for needle-like metallic objects,and warrants consideration as a valuable tool in gastrointestinal surgery.展开更多
Objective:To explore the relationship between obesity,body fat percentage(BF%),blood lipid levels,and prediabetes.Methods:A total of 91 patients with prediabetes who visited the hospital from February 2024 to February...Objective:To explore the relationship between obesity,body fat percentage(BF%),blood lipid levels,and prediabetes.Methods:A total of 91 patients with prediabetes who visited the hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were included in the observation group,and 90 healthy individuals with normal blood glucose levels during the same period were included in the control group.Physical examination,body fat percentage,and biochemical indicators were checked,and the relationship between these indicators and prediabetes was analyzed.Results:The observation group had higher body weight(BW),waist circumference(WC),body mass index(BMI),fat mass(FM),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),triglycerides(TG),fasting blood glucose(FBG),and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG)compared to the control group,with P<0.05.The detection rates of obesity,abnormal WC,abnormal body fat percentage(BF%),abnormal TC,abnormal TG,and abnormal LDL were higher in the observation group than in the control group,with P<0.05.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WC,TC,TG,BF%,and BMI were independent high-risk factors for prediabetes,with P<0.05.Conclusion:Obesity and dyslipidemia are high-risk factors for prediabetes.Scientific dietary planning and weight management should be implemented to reduce the incidence of diabetes.展开更多
Neural activities differentiating bodies versus non-body stimuli have been identified in the occipitotemporal cortex of both humans and nonhuman primates.However,the neural mechanisms of coding the similarity of diffe...Neural activities differentiating bodies versus non-body stimuli have been identified in the occipitotemporal cortex of both humans and nonhuman primates.However,the neural mechanisms of coding the similarity of different individuals’bodies of the same species to support their categorical representations remain unclear.Using electroencephalography(EEG)and magnetoencephalography(MEG),we investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of neural processes shared by different individual body silhouettes of the same species by quantifying the repetition suppression of neural responses to human and animal(chimpanzee,dog,and bird)body silhouettes showing different postures.Our EEG results revealed significant repetition suppression of the amplitudes of early frontal/central activity at 180–220 ms(P2)and late occipitoparietal activity at 220–320 ms(P270)in response to animal(but not human)body silhouettes of the same species.Our MEG results further localized the repetition suppression effect related to animal body silhouettes in the left supramarginal gyrus and left frontal cortex at 200–440 ms after stimulus onset.Our findings suggest two neural processes that are involved in spontaneous categorical representations of animal body silhouettes as a cognitive basis of human-animal interactions.展开更多
Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social ...Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.展开更多
A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and ...A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and subjective feedback before and after using the fragranced products.The results showed that both the alpha and theta band activities of the participants increased significantly after using body washes,especially in the occipito-parietal and frontal area of brain,indicating that their brains were at a higher level of stability and relaxation.Meanwhile,in terms of subjective evaluation,the participants’ subjective feelings such as calmness,relaxation,tranquility,and calmness were significantly enhanced.This study has revealed the efficacy of fragranced products in improving mood and is expected to provide support for the development and application of fragranced products.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospe...Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality.Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants.Results Overall,19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died.The underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2))presented an increase in all-cause mortality(adjusted hazards ratio[aHR]=2.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.66–2.41),while overweight(≥24.0 to<28.0 kg/m^(2))and obesity(≥28.0 kg/m^(2))presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61(95%CI:0.52–0.73)and 0.51(95%CI:0.37–0.70),respectively.Overweight(aHR=0.76,95%CI:0.67–0.86)and mild obesity(aHR=0.72,95%CI:0.59–0.87)had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years.All-2 cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m(aHR=0.95,95%CI:0.92–0.98)and increased slightly above that value,indicating a U-shaped association.The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years.Therefore,it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.展开更多
The minireview titled“Modern endoscopist’s toolbox:Innovations in foreign body removal”by Shahid and published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provided a clear and comprehensive overview of endos...The minireview titled“Modern endoscopist’s toolbox:Innovations in foreign body removal”by Shahid and published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provided a clear and comprehensive overview of endoscopic management of gastrointestinal foreign bodies.It will serve as a valuable resource for endoscopists involved in the diagnosis and treatment of such cases.Several key and controversial aspects of patient management were highlighted in a meaningful way,including the importance of thorough medical history-taking,appropriate use of radiological imaging,and the selection of suitable endoscopic extraction techniques.An individualized,multidisciplinary approach is essential for diagnosis and treatment.While current guidelines offer significant support,they cannot replace the judgment of an experienced endoscopist working with a well-trained team.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical implications of high body mass index(BMI)on survival outcomes in ALF.AIM To explore the impact of overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of patients with ALF.METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted involving patients with ALF admitted to the Johns Hopkins Health System between January 1,2000 and May 1,2020.We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify outcomes,including the need for liver transplantation(LT)or all-cause mortality.RESULTS A total of 196 patients were included,the median age was 43.5 years,63.3%were female,and 59.7%were of Caucasian ethnicity.Acetaminophen-induced ALF was the most common etiology(45%).The mean BMI was significantly greater among patients who underwent LT or died(29.64 kg/m^(2)vs 26.59 kg/m^(2),P=0.008)than among survivors.Patients with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT by 2.22-fold(95%CI:1.30-3.78)and 2.04-fold(95%CI:1.29-3.39),respectively.Elevated BMI was associated with renal failure and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy.Derangements in serologic markers,including alanine transaminase,lactate,and ammonia,were associated with a mortality risk or need for LT.CONCLUSION In this large,retrospective study,with a diverse cohort of United States patients,Overweight and obese were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT.This work highlights the importance of closely monitoring ALF patients who are overweight or obese for adverse complications and measures to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
文摘Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the lower airways (LAs) constitute a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring immediate management. The objective of our study was to describe the patient pathway and management of foreign bodies in the lower airways. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted over a 6-year period (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019) in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Donka National Hospital. Results: We observed a prevalence of 1.79%. The average age was 5.71 years, with a sex ratio of 1.2. However, 82.61% of the cases originated from rural areas. We noted that 78.83% of patients were referred after visiting 1 to 2 healthcare facilities (75.36%). The consultation delay was 3 days. Penetration syndrome was present in 98.56% of cases. The foreign body incidents occurred during play in 54.84% and during meals in 29.09% of cases. Radiographs were performed in 93.9% of cases. Endoscopy was used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in all patients. The foreign bodies were located in the trachea (37.68%), larynx (26.08%), and bronchi (21.73%). Non-organic foreign bodies were predominant (52.17%). Postoperative outcomes were uncomplicated in 95.98% of cases, and the lethality rate was 2.85%. Conclusion: The pathway of patients with foreign bodies in the airways remains unpredictable in our context due to parental hesitations. Early management reduces morbidity and mortality rates.
文摘Introduction: Conjunctival granulomas are tumor pathologies of various origins. A foreign body, whatever its nature, is often involved in its genesis. To date, there is very little data on foreign body conjunctival granulomas, the prevalence would be approximately 10% and their underestimation is probably linked to the inconsistency of their clinical presentation. Patient and Observations: We report a case of conjunctival granuloma caused by a metallic foreign body that went unnoticed in a young boy, the interest of rigor on primary protection measures for high-risk occupations, and of the strict application of the diagnostic protocol relating to ocular trauma. Discussion: foreign body granulomas, despite their usually harmless nature, can jeopardize the anatomical and functional prognosis of the affected eye. Only a detailed interview and a meticulous clinical examination allow the diagnosis to be made and the distinction to be made with conjunctival granulomas of different causes. Conclusion: the possibility of the involvement of a foreign body in the genesis of conjunctival granulomas must impose the rigorous application of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.
文摘The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072127)。
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474131)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42467022)+1 种基金the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(Grant No.202202AG050014)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(NO.202101BE070001-038,202201AT070146).
文摘The strength of backfill body is a crucial parameter in backfilling mining,and the failure process of cemented backfill body is essentially an energy dissipation process.To investigate the effects of curing age and cement-sand ratio on the strength and energy consumption of backfill,whole tailings were used as aggregate to prepare slurry with mass concentration of 74%,and the slurry with cement-sand ratio of 1:4,1:6,1:8 and 1:12 was poured into backfill.Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on backfill body specimens that had been cured for 7 days,14 days,28 days,and 45 days.It aims at studying the compressive strength,damage,energy storage limit,energy dissipation,and crack propagation of the fill.The results show that when the cement-sand ratio is held constant,the strength of the backfill increases with curing age.Simultaneously,when the curing age is fixed,the strength is positively correlated with the cement-sand ratio.During uniaxial compression tests,it is observed that the pre-peak energy consumption,post-peak energy consumption,total energy consumption,and unit volume strain energy of the cemented backfill body exhibit exponential relationships with both curing age and cement-sand ratio.The energy storage limit of the backfill reflects its capacity to absorb energy prior to failure,while the relationship between damage and energy consumption provides an accurate depiction of its internal failure mechanisms at different stages.In the failure process of the cemented backfill body,primary cracks accompany secondary cracks,many microcracks initiate and propagate from the stress direction,and crack propagation consumes a significant amount of energy.This study on the strength,energy storage limit,and failure of the cemented backfill body can provide valuable insights for mine safety production.
文摘We show that the volume of the projection bodyΠ(Z)of an n-dimensional zonotope Z with n+1 generators and of volume 1 is always exactly 2^(n).Moroever,we point out that an upper bound on the volume ofΠ(K)of a centrally symmetric n-dimensional convex body of volume 1 is at least 2^(n)(9/8)^([n/3]).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170676the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Key Industries Innovation Chain(Cluster)-Social Development Project,No.2020ZDLSF02-03+1 种基金the Key Project of Shaanxi Province's 14th Five-Year Education Science Planning:Research on the Training Model for Top-notch Innovative Talents in Higher Education Institutions of Shaanxi Province,No.SGH24Z16the Xi'an Talents Plan Project,No.XAYC210064.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal foreign bodies represent a significant clinical challenge in em-ergency and surgical settings.While accidental ingestion predominates in healthy adults,intentional ingestion is frequently observed in pediatric,psychiatric,and incarcerated populations.Metallic sewing needles,characterized by their sharp morphology and high mobility,pose particular risks of visceral injury and com-plications due to their penetrative potential.Although preoperative imaging facilitates initial localization,subsequent migration of multiple needles com-plicates therapeutic interventions,increasing procedural complexity and patient risk.CASE SUMMARY We present a novel application of magnetic-assisted localization in managing a complex case of intentional ingestion of 30 metallic sewing needles in a psy-chiatric patient.The widespread distribution of needles throughout the gas-trointestinal tract necessitated an innovative surgical approach.Intraoperative implementation of cylindrical magnetic localization technology enabled precise identification and successful extraction of all foreign bodies while minimizing tissue trauma.CONCLUSION Magnetic-assisted localization represents an effective and safe technique to manage multiple magnetic gastrointestinal foreign bodies.This approach offers significant advantages in complex cases,particularly for needle-like metallic objects,and warrants consideration as a valuable tool in gastrointestinal surgery.
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship between obesity,body fat percentage(BF%),blood lipid levels,and prediabetes.Methods:A total of 91 patients with prediabetes who visited the hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were included in the observation group,and 90 healthy individuals with normal blood glucose levels during the same period were included in the control group.Physical examination,body fat percentage,and biochemical indicators were checked,and the relationship between these indicators and prediabetes was analyzed.Results:The observation group had higher body weight(BW),waist circumference(WC),body mass index(BMI),fat mass(FM),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),triglycerides(TG),fasting blood glucose(FBG),and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG)compared to the control group,with P<0.05.The detection rates of obesity,abnormal WC,abnormal body fat percentage(BF%),abnormal TC,abnormal TG,and abnormal LDL were higher in the observation group than in the control group,with P<0.05.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WC,TC,TG,BF%,and BMI were independent high-risk factors for prediabetes,with P<0.05.Conclusion:Obesity and dyslipidemia are high-risk factors for prediabetes.Scientific dietary planning and weight management should be implemented to reduce the incidence of diabetes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230043 and 32371092)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0707103)+1 种基金Das Chinesisch-Deutsche Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung(M-0093)the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University.
文摘Neural activities differentiating bodies versus non-body stimuli have been identified in the occipitotemporal cortex of both humans and nonhuman primates.However,the neural mechanisms of coding the similarity of different individuals’bodies of the same species to support their categorical representations remain unclear.Using electroencephalography(EEG)and magnetoencephalography(MEG),we investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of neural processes shared by different individual body silhouettes of the same species by quantifying the repetition suppression of neural responses to human and animal(chimpanzee,dog,and bird)body silhouettes showing different postures.Our EEG results revealed significant repetition suppression of the amplitudes of early frontal/central activity at 180–220 ms(P2)and late occipitoparietal activity at 220–320 ms(P270)in response to animal(but not human)body silhouettes of the same species.Our MEG results further localized the repetition suppression effect related to animal body silhouettes in the left supramarginal gyrus and left frontal cortex at 200–440 ms after stimulus onset.Our findings suggest two neural processes that are involved in spontaneous categorical representations of animal body silhouettes as a cognitive basis of human-animal interactions.
基金financially supported by the Vice-Rector’s Office for Research and Transfer at the University of Granada(Grant Ref.PPJIB2023-084)Spanish Ministry of Universities(Grants Ref.FPU20/02739 and FPU20/01987)+1 种基金Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit Program funded by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Ministry of Universities attached to the State Research Agency(Grant Ref.CEX2023-001312-M/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Excellence Unit funded by the University of Granada(Grant Ref.UCE-PP2023-11/UGR.).
文摘Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.
文摘A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and subjective feedback before and after using the fragranced products.The results showed that both the alpha and theta band activities of the participants increased significantly after using body washes,especially in the occipito-parietal and frontal area of brain,indicating that their brains were at a higher level of stability and relaxation.Meanwhile,in terms of subjective evaluation,the participants’ subjective feelings such as calmness,relaxation,tranquility,and calmness were significantly enhanced.This study has revealed the efficacy of fragranced products in improving mood and is expected to provide support for the development and application of fragranced products.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)[grant number 2021-I2M-1-037]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 82373647,and 82473697].
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality.Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants.Results Overall,19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died.The underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2))presented an increase in all-cause mortality(adjusted hazards ratio[aHR]=2.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.66–2.41),while overweight(≥24.0 to<28.0 kg/m^(2))and obesity(≥28.0 kg/m^(2))presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61(95%CI:0.52–0.73)and 0.51(95%CI:0.37–0.70),respectively.Overweight(aHR=0.76,95%CI:0.67–0.86)and mild obesity(aHR=0.72,95%CI:0.59–0.87)had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years.All-2 cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m(aHR=0.95,95%CI:0.92–0.98)and increased slightly above that value,indicating a U-shaped association.The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years.Therefore,it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovations,Republic of Serbia,No.451-03-66/2024-03/200110.
文摘The minireview titled“Modern endoscopist’s toolbox:Innovations in foreign body removal”by Shahid and published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provided a clear and comprehensive overview of endoscopic management of gastrointestinal foreign bodies.It will serve as a valuable resource for endoscopists involved in the diagnosis and treatment of such cases.Several key and controversial aspects of patient management were highlighted in a meaningful way,including the importance of thorough medical history-taking,appropriate use of radiological imaging,and the selection of suitable endoscopic extraction techniques.An individualized,multidisciplinary approach is essential for diagnosis and treatment.While current guidelines offer significant support,they cannot replace the judgment of an experienced endoscopist working with a well-trained team.
