BackgroundIt's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds(T)and most comfortable levels(M)on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants.This would help the clinician with the optim...BackgroundIt's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds(T)and most comfortable levels(M)on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants.This would help the clinician with the optimization and validation of programming parameters.ObjectiveThe study has attempted to describe the changes in behavioral responses with modification of T and M levels.MethodsTwenty-five participants in the age range 5 to 12 years using HR90K/HiFocus1J or HR90KAdvantage/HiFocus1J with Harmony speech processors participated in the study.A decrease in T levels,a rise in T levels,or a decrease in M levels in the everyday program were used to create experimental programs.Sound field thresholds and speech perception were measured at 50 dBHL for three experimental and everyday programs.ConclusionThe results indicated that only reductions of M levels resulted in significantly(p<0.01)poor aided thresholds and speech perception.On the other hand,variation in T levels did not have significant changes in either sound field thresholds or speech perception.The results highlight that M levels must be correctly established in order to prevent decreased speech perception and audibility.展开更多
Load time series analysis is critical for resource management and optimization decisions,especially automated analysis techniques.Existing research has insufficiently interpreted the overall characteristics of samples...Load time series analysis is critical for resource management and optimization decisions,especially automated analysis techniques.Existing research has insufficiently interpreted the overall characteristics of samples,leading to significant differences in load level detection conclusions for samples with different characteristics(trend,seasonality,cyclicality).Achieving automated,feature-adaptive,and quantifiable analysis methods remains a challenge.This paper proposes a Threshold Recognition-based Load Level Detection Algorithm(TRLLD),which effectively identifies different load level regions in samples of arbitrary size and distribution type based on sample characteristics.By utilizing distribution density uniformity,the algorithm classifies data points and ultimately obtains normalized load values.In the feature recognition step,the algorithm employs the Density Uniformity Index Based on Differences(DUID),High Load Level Concentration(HLLC),and Low Load Level Concentration(LLLC)to assess sample characteristics,which are independent of specific load values,providing a standardized perspective on features,ensuring high efficiency and strong interpretability.Compared to traditional methods,the proposed approach demonstrates better adaptive and real-time analysis capabilities.Experimental results indicate that it can effectively identify high load and low load regions in 16 groups of time series samples with different load characteristics,yielding highly interpretable results.The correlation between the DUID and sample density distribution uniformity reaches 98.08%.When introducing 10% MAD intensity noise,the maximum relative error is 4.72%,showcasing high robustness.Notably,it exhibits significant advantages in general and low sample scenarios.展开更多
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the r...The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale.This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area.The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management.Based on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed.The study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl.The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl.However,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence.The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl;(iii)Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program,if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025,the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10^(8) m^(3).Meanwhile,the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10^(8) m^(3).To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040,surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10^(8) m^(3)/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10^(8) m^(3)/a.For deep groundwater recovery,it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10^(8) m^(3),in addition to the amount of 7.86×10^(8) m^(3) by water diversion.The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation,the regulation of water resources development and utilization,and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.展开更多
Accurate segmentation is an important and challenging task in any computer vision system. It also plays a vital role in computerized analysis of skin lesion images. This paper presents a new segmentation method that c...Accurate segmentation is an important and challenging task in any computer vision system. It also plays a vital role in computerized analysis of skin lesion images. This paper presents a new segmentation method that combines the advan-tages of fuzzy C mean algorithm, thresholding and level set method. 3-class Fuzzy C mean thresholding is applied to initialize level set automatically and also for estimating controlling parameters for level set evolution. Parameters for performance evaluation are presented and segmentation results are compared with some other state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Increased true detection rate and reduced false positive and false negative errors confirm the effectiveness of proposed method for skin cancer detection.展开更多
Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems(GDEs)in the arid region of northwest China are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,the ongoing decline in groundwater levels caused by excessive groundw...Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems(GDEs)in the arid region of northwest China are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,the ongoing decline in groundwater levels caused by excessive groundwater exploitation poses a potential threat to GDEs.This paper reviews the current developments and future challenges associated with defining groundwater level thresholds for maintaining GDEs in arid regions.It focuses on methods for identifying and investigating these thresholds,with particular attention to recent advances in northwest China.Additionally,this paper highlights the limitations and future challenges in determining these thresholds,including the complexities of ecological processes,groundwater systems,data availability,and methodological constraints.To address these issues,a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates new technologies,such as multi-source data fusion,machine learning models,and big data and cloud computing,will be essential.By overcoming these challenges and utilizing effective methods,appropriate groundwater level thresholds can be established to ensure the longterm sustainability of GDEs.展开更多
A novel flotation froth image segmentation based on threshold level set method is put forward in view of the problem of over-segmentation and under-segmentation which occurs when the existing method segmented the flot...A novel flotation froth image segmentation based on threshold level set method is put forward in view of the problem of over-segmentation and under-segmentation which occurs when the existing method segmented the flotation froth images. Firstly, the proposed method adopts histogram equalization to improve the contrast of the image, and then chooses the upper threshold and lower threshold from grey value of histogram of the image equalization, and complete image segmentation using the level set method. In this paper, the model which integrates edge with region level set model is utilized, and the speed energy term is introduced to segment the target. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better segmentation results and higher segmentation efficiency on the images with under-segmentation and incorrect segmentation, and it is meaningful for ore dressing industrial.展开更多
This paper, based on the analysis and calculation of the groundwater resources in an arid region from 1980 to 2001, put forward the concept of ecological groundwater level threshold for either salinity control or the ...This paper, based on the analysis and calculation of the groundwater resources in an arid region from 1980 to 2001, put forward the concept of ecological groundwater level threshold for either salinity control or the determination of ecological warning. The surveys suggest that soil moisture and soil salinity are the most important environmental factors in determining the distribution and changes in vegetation. The groundwater level threshold of ecological warning can be determined by using a network of groundwater depth observation sites that monitor the environmental moisture gradient as reflected by plant physiological characteristics. According to long-term field observations within the Ejin oases, the groundwater level threshold for salinity control varied between 0.5 m and 1.5 m, and the ecological warning threshold varied between 3.5 m and 4.0 m. The quantity of groundwater re- sources （renewable water resources, ecological water resources, and exploitable water resources） in arid areas can be calculated from regional groundwater level information, without localized hydrogeological data. The concept of groundwater level threshold of ecological warning was established according to water development and water re- sources supply, and available groundwater resources were calculated. The concept not only enriches and broadens the content of groundwater studies, but also helps in predicting the prospects for water resources development.展开更多
Objective: This prospective cohort study explored factors related to postoperative pain in gastric cancer patients.Methods: A total of 236 patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled. All patients enrolled in the...Objective: This prospective cohort study explored factors related to postoperative pain in gastric cancer patients.Methods: A total of 236 patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled. All patients enrolled in the study completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) questionnaire and Life Orientation Test-Revised(LOT-R) questionnaire on the day before surgery. Heat pain threshold(HPT), cold pain threshold(CPT) and pressure pain threshold(PPT) were measured for all patients one day prior to surgery and demographic details were collected. All patients were connected to a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) pump at the end of the surgery. The occurrence of postoperative pain was used as a dependent variable, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to screen for factors affecting postoperative pain.Results: In total, 83 patients(35.2%) had postoperative pain. Body mass index(BMI) ≥28 kg/m^(2) [odds ratio(OR): 2.67;95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.07-6.67], total gastrectomy(OR: 2.64;95% CI: 1.42-4.91),preoperative anxiety score ≥8(OR: 2.37;95% CI: 1.12-5.02), heat pain threshold ≤4.9 s(OR: 2.14;95% CI:1.06-4.32), pressure pain threshold ≤4 g(OR: 2.05;95% CI: 1.05-4.03), and female gender(OR: 1.99;95% CI:1.04-3.83) were risk factors for postoperative pain.Conclusions: Obesity, wide range of gastrectomy, high preoperative anxiety, low HPT and PPT, and female gender are associated with increased risk for postoperative pain.展开更多
The influence of low_level noise has not been widely noticed. This paper discovered that low_level and low frequency noise(A_weighted equivalent level L eq <45 dB) causes higher probability of subjective annoyance....The influence of low_level noise has not been widely noticed. This paper discovered that low_level and low frequency noise(A_weighted equivalent level L eq <45 dB) causes higher probability of subjective annoyance. The fuzzy mathematic principle was applied to deal with the threshold level of subjective annoyance from noise in this study; there is preferable relationship between the indoor noise and noise annoyance at low frequency noise level. Study indicated at the same centered noise level, the change of annoyance probability is mainly caused by the change of the frequency spectrum characteristic of the indoor noise. Under low noise level environment, without change of the medium_low frequency noise, the slight increase of medium_high frequency noise level with the help of noise sheltering effect can significantly reduce the noise annoyance. This discovery brings a new resolution on how to improve the environmental quality of working or living places. A noise control model is given in this study according to the acoustic analysis.展开更多
A parameter-free approach is proposed to determine the Lagrange multiplier for the constraint of material volume in the level set method.It is inspired by the procedure of determining the threshold of sensitivity numb...A parameter-free approach is proposed to determine the Lagrange multiplier for the constraint of material volume in the level set method.It is inspired by the procedure of determining the threshold of sensitivity number in the BESO method.It first computes the difference between the volume of current design and the upper bound of volume.Then,the Lagrange multiplier is regarded as the threshold of sensitivity number to remove the redundant material.Numerical examples proved that this approach is effective to constrain the volume.More importantly,there is no parameter in the proposed approach,which makes it convenient to use.In addition,the convergence is stable,and there is no big oscillation.展开更多
Global population aging trends are intensifying,presenting multifaceted economic and social challenges for countries worldwide.As the world’s largest developing country,China has entered a phase of extreme demographi...Global population aging trends are intensifying,presenting multifaceted economic and social challenges for countries worldwide.As the world’s largest developing country,China has entered a phase of extreme demographic aging,posing significant questions about its impact on the ongoing upgrading of industrial structures.How does this demographic shift influence the upgrading of industrial structures,and does technological innovation mitigate or exacerbate this impact?The empirical results indicate that population aging impedes upgrading the industrial structure,while technological innovation positively affects the relationship between the two.Moreover,using technological innovation as a threshold variable,the impact of population aging on industrial structure upgrading evolves in a“gradient”manner from“impediment”to“insignificant”to“promotion”as the technological innovation levels increase.These findings offer practical guidance for tailoring industrial policies to different stages of technological advancement.展开更多
文摘BackgroundIt's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds(T)and most comfortable levels(M)on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants.This would help the clinician with the optimization and validation of programming parameters.ObjectiveThe study has attempted to describe the changes in behavioral responses with modification of T and M levels.MethodsTwenty-five participants in the age range 5 to 12 years using HR90K/HiFocus1J or HR90KAdvantage/HiFocus1J with Harmony speech processors participated in the study.A decrease in T levels,a rise in T levels,or a decrease in M levels in the everyday program were used to create experimental programs.Sound field thresholds and speech perception were measured at 50 dBHL for three experimental and everyday programs.ConclusionThe results indicated that only reductions of M levels resulted in significantly(p<0.01)poor aided thresholds and speech perception.On the other hand,variation in T levels did not have significant changes in either sound field thresholds or speech perception.The results highlight that M levels must be correctly established in order to prevent decreased speech perception and audibility.
文摘Load time series analysis is critical for resource management and optimization decisions,especially automated analysis techniques.Existing research has insufficiently interpreted the overall characteristics of samples,leading to significant differences in load level detection conclusions for samples with different characteristics(trend,seasonality,cyclicality).Achieving automated,feature-adaptive,and quantifiable analysis methods remains a challenge.This paper proposes a Threshold Recognition-based Load Level Detection Algorithm(TRLLD),which effectively identifies different load level regions in samples of arbitrary size and distribution type based on sample characteristics.By utilizing distribution density uniformity,the algorithm classifies data points and ultimately obtains normalized load values.In the feature recognition step,the algorithm employs the Density Uniformity Index Based on Differences(DUID),High Load Level Concentration(HLLC),and Low Load Level Concentration(LLLC)to assess sample characteristics,which are independent of specific load values,providing a standardized perspective on features,ensuring high efficiency and strong interpretability.Compared to traditional methods,the proposed approach demonstrates better adaptive and real-time analysis capabilities.Experimental results indicate that it can effectively identify high load and low load regions in 16 groups of time series samples with different load characteristics,yielding highly interpretable results.The correlation between the DUID and sample density distribution uniformity reaches 98.08%.When introducing 10% MAD intensity noise,the maximum relative error is 4.72%,showcasing high robustness.Notably,it exhibits significant advantages in general and low sample scenarios.
基金funded by Geological survey project of China Geological Survey (DD20190336, DD20221752)。
文摘The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale.This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area.The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management.Based on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed.The study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl.The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl.However,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence.The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl;(iii)Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program,if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025,the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10^(8) m^(3).Meanwhile,the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10^(8) m^(3).To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040,surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10^(8) m^(3)/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10^(8) m^(3)/a.For deep groundwater recovery,it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10^(8) m^(3),in addition to the amount of 7.86×10^(8) m^(3) by water diversion.The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation,the regulation of water resources development and utilization,and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.
文摘Accurate segmentation is an important and challenging task in any computer vision system. It also plays a vital role in computerized analysis of skin lesion images. This paper presents a new segmentation method that combines the advan-tages of fuzzy C mean algorithm, thresholding and level set method. 3-class Fuzzy C mean thresholding is applied to initialize level set automatically and also for estimating controlling parameters for level set evolution. Parameters for performance evaluation are presented and segmentation results are compared with some other state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Increased true detection rate and reduced false positive and false negative errors confirm the effectiveness of proposed method for skin cancer detection.
基金financially supported by the China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20230472).
文摘Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems(GDEs)in the arid region of northwest China are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,the ongoing decline in groundwater levels caused by excessive groundwater exploitation poses a potential threat to GDEs.This paper reviews the current developments and future challenges associated with defining groundwater level thresholds for maintaining GDEs in arid regions.It focuses on methods for identifying and investigating these thresholds,with particular attention to recent advances in northwest China.Additionally,this paper highlights the limitations and future challenges in determining these thresholds,including the complexities of ecological processes,groundwater systems,data availability,and methodological constraints.To address these issues,a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates new technologies,such as multi-source data fusion,machine learning models,and big data and cloud computing,will be essential.By overcoming these challenges and utilizing effective methods,appropriate groundwater level thresholds can be established to ensure the longterm sustainability of GDEs.
文摘A novel flotation froth image segmentation based on threshold level set method is put forward in view of the problem of over-segmentation and under-segmentation which occurs when the existing method segmented the flotation froth images. Firstly, the proposed method adopts histogram equalization to improve the contrast of the image, and then chooses the upper threshold and lower threshold from grey value of histogram of the image equalization, and complete image segmentation using the level set method. In this paper, the model which integrates edge with region level set model is utilized, and the speed energy term is introduced to segment the target. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better segmentation results and higher segmentation efficiency on the images with under-segmentation and incorrect segmentation, and it is meaningful for ore dressing industrial.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(9102500230970492)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201101002)the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZZDEW-04-05)the National Key Technology R & D Program(2012BAC08B05)
文摘This paper, based on the analysis and calculation of the groundwater resources in an arid region from 1980 to 2001, put forward the concept of ecological groundwater level threshold for either salinity control or the determination of ecological warning. The surveys suggest that soil moisture and soil salinity are the most important environmental factors in determining the distribution and changes in vegetation. The groundwater level threshold of ecological warning can be determined by using a network of groundwater depth observation sites that monitor the environmental moisture gradient as reflected by plant physiological characteristics. According to long-term field observations within the Ejin oases, the groundwater level threshold for salinity control varied between 0.5 m and 1.5 m, and the ecological warning threshold varied between 3.5 m and 4.0 m. The quantity of groundwater re- sources （renewable water resources, ecological water resources, and exploitable water resources） in arid areas can be calculated from regional groundwater level information, without localized hydrogeological data. The concept of groundwater level threshold of ecological warning was established according to water development and water re- sources supply, and available groundwater resources were calculated. The concept not only enriches and broadens the content of groundwater studies, but also helps in predicting the prospects for water resources development.
基金supported by Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research (No. BMU 2020MX028)Braun Anesthesia science research fund (No. BBFD-2011-006)。
文摘Objective: This prospective cohort study explored factors related to postoperative pain in gastric cancer patients.Methods: A total of 236 patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled. All patients enrolled in the study completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) questionnaire and Life Orientation Test-Revised(LOT-R) questionnaire on the day before surgery. Heat pain threshold(HPT), cold pain threshold(CPT) and pressure pain threshold(PPT) were measured for all patients one day prior to surgery and demographic details were collected. All patients were connected to a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) pump at the end of the surgery. The occurrence of postoperative pain was used as a dependent variable, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to screen for factors affecting postoperative pain.Results: In total, 83 patients(35.2%) had postoperative pain. Body mass index(BMI) ≥28 kg/m^(2) [odds ratio(OR): 2.67;95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.07-6.67], total gastrectomy(OR: 2.64;95% CI: 1.42-4.91),preoperative anxiety score ≥8(OR: 2.37;95% CI: 1.12-5.02), heat pain threshold ≤4.9 s(OR: 2.14;95% CI:1.06-4.32), pressure pain threshold ≤4 g(OR: 2.05;95% CI: 1.05-4.03), and female gender(OR: 1.99;95% CI:1.04-3.83) were risk factors for postoperative pain.Conclusions: Obesity, wide range of gastrectomy, high preoperative anxiety, low HPT and PPT, and female gender are associated with increased risk for postoperative pain.
文摘The influence of low_level noise has not been widely noticed. This paper discovered that low_level and low frequency noise(A_weighted equivalent level L eq <45 dB) causes higher probability of subjective annoyance. The fuzzy mathematic principle was applied to deal with the threshold level of subjective annoyance from noise in this study; there is preferable relationship between the indoor noise and noise annoyance at low frequency noise level. Study indicated at the same centered noise level, the change of annoyance probability is mainly caused by the change of the frequency spectrum characteristic of the indoor noise. Under low noise level environment, without change of the medium_low frequency noise, the slight increase of medium_high frequency noise level with the help of noise sheltering effect can significantly reduce the noise annoyance. This discovery brings a new resolution on how to improve the environmental quality of working or living places. A noise control model is given in this study according to the acoustic analysis.
基金This research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975227).
文摘A parameter-free approach is proposed to determine the Lagrange multiplier for the constraint of material volume in the level set method.It is inspired by the procedure of determining the threshold of sensitivity number in the BESO method.It first computes the difference between the volume of current design and the upper bound of volume.Then,the Lagrange multiplier is regarded as the threshold of sensitivity number to remove the redundant material.Numerical examples proved that this approach is effective to constrain the volume.More importantly,there is no parameter in the proposed approach,which makes it convenient to use.In addition,the convergence is stable,and there is no big oscillation.
基金supported by the Research Center for Aging Career and Industrial Development,Sichuan Key Research Base of Social Sciences[Grant No.XJLL2022009].
文摘Global population aging trends are intensifying,presenting multifaceted economic and social challenges for countries worldwide.As the world’s largest developing country,China has entered a phase of extreme demographic aging,posing significant questions about its impact on the ongoing upgrading of industrial structures.How does this demographic shift influence the upgrading of industrial structures,and does technological innovation mitigate or exacerbate this impact?The empirical results indicate that population aging impedes upgrading the industrial structure,while technological innovation positively affects the relationship between the two.Moreover,using technological innovation as a threshold variable,the impact of population aging on industrial structure upgrading evolves in a“gradient”manner from“impediment”to“insignificant”to“promotion”as the technological innovation levels increase.These findings offer practical guidance for tailoring industrial policies to different stages of technological advancement.
