The countable characters of Qingdao, Zhejiang, Liaoning and Japanese Ayu arecompared. There are no substantial different characters among the former three Ayu, so thecomprehensive values of them are taken as represent...The countable characters of Qingdao, Zhejiang, Liaoning and Japanese Ayu arecompared. There are no substantial different characters among the former three Ayu, so thecomprehensive values of them are taken as representative of Chinese Ayu, which is in turn comparedwith Japanese Ayu ( Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis and Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis). By thecoefficient of difference test, 3 and 4 characters are found to be beyond the subspecies levelbetween Chinese Ayu and nominate subspecies (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) and between ChineseAyu (Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis) and Ryukyus subspecies (Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis),respectively, which shows that they belong to different subspecies. The China mainland Ayu is a newsubspecies, Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis Wu and Shan, the establishment of which and its formingcauses are discussed.展开更多
This paper compares the Chinese and Japanese abbreviations from the perspective of morphology and analyzes the causes of the popularity of abbreviations in modern society.The study shows that there are similar types o...This paper compares the Chinese and Japanese abbreviations from the perspective of morphology and analyzes the causes of the popularity of abbreviations in modern society.The study shows that there are similar types of abbreviation formation(direct omission of the original word,extraction and combination,and number abbreviation)in the two languages,while in addition to the English alphabet abbreviations,there are“Pinyin”acronyms in Chinese and Roman alphabet abbreviations in Japanese.This study may be helpful in assisting the learners of two languages to further understand the culture of two countries,so as to better promote cultural exchanges.展开更多
Crocuta and Pachycrocuta are widely regarded as the most prevalent and emblematic hyenas across Eurasia during Quaternary.They are easily distinguished by their distinctive carnassial teeth.However,the disparities in ...Crocuta and Pachycrocuta are widely regarded as the most prevalent and emblematic hyenas across Eurasia during Quaternary.They are easily distinguished by their distinctive carnassial teeth.However,the disparities in non-carnassial elements are less pronounced and have received minimal attention in previous studies.This has resulted in erroneous identifications when dealing with fragmented specimens,particularly in cases where carnassial teeth are poorly preserved or absent.Such misidentifications have the potential to give rise to erroneous inferences regarding the paleozoogeography and biochronology of the animals in question.The bone-cracking hyena specimens from Huainan,Anhui(Tseng et al.,2008)are re-examined and re-evaluated here through a series of morphological comparisons and data analyses(univariate,bivariate,and multivariate analyses etc.).The results provide unequivocal confirmation that the specimens from Xiliexi are not spotted hyenas,but belong to Pachycrocuta perrieri instead.Conversely,the specimen from Dadingshan is the only genuine representative of the spotted hyena,which is supposed to be a possible earliest fossil record for Crocuta ultima thus far in China.Furthermore,the disparities in dentognathic morphology between Crocuta and Pachycrocuta are systematically summarized and analyzed,with an explanation of their eco-functional significance.The present study hypothesizes that Pachycrocuta retains a certain degree of active predatory capability,attributable to the robustness of the canine and the symphysis of the jaw,among other factors.This finding indicates that Pachycrocuta exhibits a form of flexible foraging behavior,combining opportunistic scavenging and active hunting in a manner analogous to Crocuta.Finally,the dynamic evolutionary history of hyenas in East China since Pleistocene has also been broadly reconstructed.展开更多
In present paper, the morphological descriptions of reproductive systems for Libnotes（Libnotes） pseudonohirai Men, 2015 in both sexes are provided, which represents the first description of the internal reproductive...In present paper, the morphological descriptions of reproductive systems for Libnotes（Libnotes） pseudonohirai Men, 2015 in both sexes are provided, which represents the first description of the internal reproductive system in this genus. The female internal reproductive system of Libnotes（Libnotes） pseudonohirai is compared with that of the two presently examined species, Hexatoma（Eriocera） cleopatroides Men, 2015 and Holorusia sp., as well as some species previously documented. The morphological differences of internal reproductive organs for these species are listed. Additionally, the characteristic modes of internal reproductive systems for Tipulidae and Limoniidae are compared and summarized.展开更多
Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from ...Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from morphological characteritics, such as frond dimension, cells size and shape, their mean length/width ratios（LWR）, and cell walls constriction. Thalli of C. aerea attenuate basipetally, with diameter 270–500 μm at upper portion, 160–360 μm at middle portion, 100–160 μm at basal portion. For the upper part, the length of cells is less than their diameter. Cell walls usually constrict at the dissepiments, which are pellucid or colorless and give the filament beaded appearance. In contrast, thalli of C. linum often have a constant diameter of 90–300 μm within the same individual, cell walls usually do not constrict and cells are cylindrical or barrel shaped. The LWR is larger than that of C. aerea. Results show that the pairwise distance between two species is 3.6%–3.7% for 18 S r RNA gene and 53.5%–54.3% for ITS region. In phylogeny, they distribute at distant clades, which confirms a genetic divergence at molecular level. In addition, morphological data indicates that filament diameter of C. linum samples is highly variable, ranging from 90 μm to 300 μm. Then these two species can be considered as separate species.展开更多
We described a new species, Microhyla beilunensis sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 12 S, 16 S and CO1 gene sequences suggested that the new taxon was distinct...We described a new species, Microhyla beilunensis sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 12 S, 16 S and CO1 gene sequences suggested that the new taxon was distinctly separated from its congeners and closed to M. mixtura and M. okinavensis. Morphologically, the new species could be identified from its congeners except M. mixtura by several characters：（1） rudimentary webs on toe base;（2） absence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on finger tips;（3） presence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on toe tips. As well, the new species could be identified from topotype M. mixtura by the combination of characters：（1） apart from the stripes, bar-shaped and oval-shaped patterns, the rounded spots present on the dorsum of body and legs;（2） the outer metacarpal tubercles prominently larger than the inner one;（3） of males, the ratios of HW, IND, UEW and LAW to SVL of the new species were significantly larger than those of M. mixtura（P 〈 0.01）, and the ratios of SL, IOD, LAHL, HLL, TL, TFL and FL to SVL of the new species were significantly less than those of M. mixtura（P 〈 0.05）.展开更多
The role of computed tomography(CT)images in forensic identification has been widely recognized.Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases,in...The role of computed tomography(CT)images in forensic identification has been widely recognized.Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases,including falls from a height,drowning,explosion and gunshot cases,traffic accidents,and sudden death.However,few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries.Therefore,the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen,and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.展开更多
文摘The countable characters of Qingdao, Zhejiang, Liaoning and Japanese Ayu arecompared. There are no substantial different characters among the former three Ayu, so thecomprehensive values of them are taken as representative of Chinese Ayu, which is in turn comparedwith Japanese Ayu ( Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis and Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis). By thecoefficient of difference test, 3 and 4 characters are found to be beyond the subspecies levelbetween Chinese Ayu and nominate subspecies (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) and between ChineseAyu (Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis) and Ryukyus subspecies (Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis),respectively, which shows that they belong to different subspecies. The China mainland Ayu is a newsubspecies, Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis Wu and Shan, the establishment of which and its formingcauses are discussed.
基金This paper is supported by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology(Project No.:XJ2022236).
文摘This paper compares the Chinese and Japanese abbreviations from the perspective of morphology and analyzes the causes of the popularity of abbreviations in modern society.The study shows that there are similar types of abbreviation formation(direct omission of the original word,extraction and combination,and number abbreviation)in the two languages,while in addition to the English alphabet abbreviations,there are“Pinyin”acronyms in Chinese and Roman alphabet abbreviations in Japanese.This study may be helpful in assisting the learners of two languages to further understand the culture of two countries,so as to better promote cultural exchanges.
文摘Crocuta and Pachycrocuta are widely regarded as the most prevalent and emblematic hyenas across Eurasia during Quaternary.They are easily distinguished by their distinctive carnassial teeth.However,the disparities in non-carnassial elements are less pronounced and have received minimal attention in previous studies.This has resulted in erroneous identifications when dealing with fragmented specimens,particularly in cases where carnassial teeth are poorly preserved or absent.Such misidentifications have the potential to give rise to erroneous inferences regarding the paleozoogeography and biochronology of the animals in question.The bone-cracking hyena specimens from Huainan,Anhui(Tseng et al.,2008)are re-examined and re-evaluated here through a series of morphological comparisons and data analyses(univariate,bivariate,and multivariate analyses etc.).The results provide unequivocal confirmation that the specimens from Xiliexi are not spotted hyenas,but belong to Pachycrocuta perrieri instead.Conversely,the specimen from Dadingshan is the only genuine representative of the spotted hyena,which is supposed to be a possible earliest fossil record for Crocuta ultima thus far in China.Furthermore,the disparities in dentognathic morphology between Crocuta and Pachycrocuta are systematically summarized and analyzed,with an explanation of their eco-functional significance.The present study hypothesizes that Pachycrocuta retains a certain degree of active predatory capability,attributable to the robustness of the canine and the symphysis of the jaw,among other factors.This finding indicates that Pachycrocuta exhibits a form of flexible foraging behavior,combining opportunistic scavenging and active hunting in a manner analogous to Crocuta.Finally,the dynamic evolutionary history of hyenas in East China since Pleistocene has also been broadly reconstructed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31300551)the Anhui Outstanding Young Talent Support Program(gxfx2017059)
文摘In present paper, the morphological descriptions of reproductive systems for Libnotes（Libnotes） pseudonohirai Men, 2015 in both sexes are provided, which represents the first description of the internal reproductive system in this genus. The female internal reproductive system of Libnotes（Libnotes） pseudonohirai is compared with that of the two presently examined species, Hexatoma（Eriocera） cleopatroides Men, 2015 and Holorusia sp., as well as some species previously documented. The morphological differences of internal reproductive organs for these species are listed. Additionally, the characteristic modes of internal reproductive systems for Tipulidae and Limoniidae are compared and summarized.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China under contract No.2012BAC07B05the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31400186,31270257 and 31093440+1 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province under contract No.2012A020200007the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shantou City,China under contract No.2012–171
文摘Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from morphological characteritics, such as frond dimension, cells size and shape, their mean length/width ratios（LWR）, and cell walls constriction. Thalli of C. aerea attenuate basipetally, with diameter 270–500 μm at upper portion, 160–360 μm at middle portion, 100–160 μm at basal portion. For the upper part, the length of cells is less than their diameter. Cell walls usually constrict at the dissepiments, which are pellucid or colorless and give the filament beaded appearance. In contrast, thalli of C. linum often have a constant diameter of 90–300 μm within the same individual, cell walls usually do not constrict and cells are cylindrical or barrel shaped. The LWR is larger than that of C. aerea. Results show that the pairwise distance between two species is 3.6%–3.7% for 18 S r RNA gene and 53.5%–54.3% for ITS region. In phylogeny, they distribute at distant clades, which confirms a genetic divergence at molecular level. In addition, morphological data indicates that filament diameter of C. linum samples is highly variable, ranging from 90 μm to 300 μm. Then these two species can be considered as separate species.
基金supported by National Key Programme of Research and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology (2017YFC0505202)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC31471964 and 31201702)+1 种基金Important Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZG-EW-L13)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA19050201)
文摘We described a new species, Microhyla beilunensis sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 12 S, 16 S and CO1 gene sequences suggested that the new taxon was distinctly separated from its congeners and closed to M. mixtura and M. okinavensis. Morphologically, the new species could be identified from its congeners except M. mixtura by several characters：（1） rudimentary webs on toe base;（2） absence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on finger tips;（3） presence of disks and dorsal median longitudinal grooves on toe tips. As well, the new species could be identified from topotype M. mixtura by the combination of characters：（1） apart from the stripes, bar-shaped and oval-shaped patterns, the rounded spots present on the dorsum of body and legs;（2） the outer metacarpal tubercles prominently larger than the inner one;（3） of males, the ratios of HW, IND, UEW and LAW to SVL of the new species were significantly larger than those of M. mixtura（P 〈 0.01）, and the ratios of SL, IOD, LAHL, HLL, TL, TFL and FL to SVL of the new species were significantly less than those of M. mixtura（P 〈 0.05）.
基金This work was supported by the Research Topic "Research on the Injury Mechanism of Complex Craniocerebral Injuries and the Comprehensive Diagnosis Methods of Forensic Medicine"(2018YFC0807203)under Project"Research on the Basic Theory of Forensic Medicine and Trace Inspection Science" of 2018 National Key R&D Program of China and was a Funded Project of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Scientific Research Institutes(2016JB041).
文摘The role of computed tomography(CT)images in forensic identification has been widely recognized.Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases,including falls from a height,drowning,explosion and gunshot cases,traffic accidents,and sudden death.However,few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries.Therefore,the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen,and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.
