Cavity electro-optic(EO)modulation plays a pivotal role in optical pulse and frequency comb synthesis,supporting a wide range of applications including communication,computing,ranging,and quantum information.The ever-...Cavity electro-optic(EO)modulation plays a pivotal role in optical pulse and frequency comb synthesis,supporting a wide range of applications including communication,computing,ranging,and quantum information.The ever-growing demand for these applications has driven efforts in enhancing modulation coupling strength and bandwidth towards advanced pulse-comb synthesis.However,the effects of strong-coupling and high-bandwidth cavity EO modulation remain underexplored,due to the lack of a general,unified model that captures this extreme condition.In this work,we present a universal framework for pulse-comb synthesis under cavity EO modulation,where coupling strength and modulation bandwidth far exceed the cavity’s free spectral range(FSR).We show that,under such intense and ultrafast driving conditions,EO-driven frequency combs and pulses exhibit rich higher-order nonlinear dynamics,including temporal pulse compression and comb generation with arbitrary pump detuning.Leveraging this framework,we reveal a direct link between the higher-order dynamics of EO pulse-comb generation and the band structure of synthetic dimension.Furthermore,we demonstrate arbitrary comb shaping via machine-learning-based inverse microwave drive design,achieving a tenfold enhancement in cavity EO comb flatness by exploring the synergistic effects of high-bandwidth driving and detuning-induced frequency boundaries.Our findings push cavity EO modulation into a new frontier,unlocking significant potential for universal and machine-learning-programmable EO frequency combs,topological photonics,as well as photonic quantum computing in the strong-coupling and high-bandwidth regimes.展开更多
基金National Research Foundation funded by the Korea government(NRF-2022M3K4A1094782).
文摘Cavity electro-optic(EO)modulation plays a pivotal role in optical pulse and frequency comb synthesis,supporting a wide range of applications including communication,computing,ranging,and quantum information.The ever-growing demand for these applications has driven efforts in enhancing modulation coupling strength and bandwidth towards advanced pulse-comb synthesis.However,the effects of strong-coupling and high-bandwidth cavity EO modulation remain underexplored,due to the lack of a general,unified model that captures this extreme condition.In this work,we present a universal framework for pulse-comb synthesis under cavity EO modulation,where coupling strength and modulation bandwidth far exceed the cavity’s free spectral range(FSR).We show that,under such intense and ultrafast driving conditions,EO-driven frequency combs and pulses exhibit rich higher-order nonlinear dynamics,including temporal pulse compression and comb generation with arbitrary pump detuning.Leveraging this framework,we reveal a direct link between the higher-order dynamics of EO pulse-comb generation and the band structure of synthetic dimension.Furthermore,we demonstrate arbitrary comb shaping via machine-learning-based inverse microwave drive design,achieving a tenfold enhancement in cavity EO comb flatness by exploring the synergistic effects of high-bandwidth driving and detuning-induced frequency boundaries.Our findings push cavity EO modulation into a new frontier,unlocking significant potential for universal and machine-learning-programmable EO frequency combs,topological photonics,as well as photonic quantum computing in the strong-coupling and high-bandwidth regimes.
