All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management...All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature condition.Herein,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel)system was subtly created though an"on-demand"dual-layer structure design strategy.The PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating regulation.Furthermore,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74)and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52)in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃in summer and 6.1℃in winter,respectively.Moreover,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and climates.This novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.展开更多
Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitat...Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.展开更多
Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed t...Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed the cell biology characters of ONFH osteonecrosis area bone tissue in single cell scale and thus identified a novel ONFH treatment approach based on M2 macrophages-derived exosomes(M2-Exos).We further show that M2-Exos are highly effective in the treatment of ONFH by modulating the phenotypes communication between neutrophil and endothelium including neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial phenotype transition.Additionally,we identified that M2-Exos’therapeutic effect is attributed to the high content of miR-93-5p and constructed miR-93-5p overexpression model in vitro and in vivo based on lentivirus and adenoassociated virus respectively.Then we found miR-93-5p can not only reduce neutrophil extracellular traps formation but also improve angiogenic ability of endothelial cells.These results provided a new theoretical basis for the clinical application of ONFH therapeutic exosomes.展开更多
The control of adiabatic dynamics is essential for quantum manipulation.We investigate the effects of both periodic modulating field and linear sweeping field on adiabatic dynamics based on a non-reciprocal Landau-Zen...The control of adiabatic dynamics is essential for quantum manipulation.We investigate the effects of both periodic modulating field and linear sweeping field on adiabatic dynamics based on a non-reciprocal Landau-Zener model with periodic modulation.We obtain adiabatic phase diagrams in the(ω,δ)parameter space,where the adiabatic region is bounded by the modulating frequencyωgreater than a critical valueω_(c) and the non-reciprocal parameterδless than one.The results show that the adiabaticity of the system is not sensitive to the modulating amplitude.We find that the critical modulating frequency can be expressed as a power function of the modulating period number or the sweeping rate.Our findings suggest that one can change the adiabatic region or improve the adiabaticity by adjusting the parameters of both the modulating and the sweeping fields,which provides an effective means to flexibly control the adiabatic dynamics of non-reciprocal systems.展开更多
Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for endstage organ failure,metabolic diseases,and malignant tumors.However,graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch r...Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for endstage organ failure,metabolic diseases,and malignant tumors.However,graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch remains a significant challenge.While modern immunosuppressants have made significant strides in reducing the incidence and risk of rejection,they have not been able to eliminate it completely.The intricate mechanisms underlying transplant rejection have been the subject of intense investigation by transplant immunologists.Among these factors,autophagy has emerged as a key player.Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells that mediates autophagocytosis and cellular protection.This process is regulated by autophagy-related genes and their encoded protein families,which maintain the material and energetic balance within cells.Additionally,autophagy has been reported to play crucial roles in the development,maturation,differentiation,and responses of immune cells.In the complex immune environment following transplantation,the role and mechanisms of autophagy are gradually being revealed.In this review,we aim to explore the current understanding of the role of autophagy in solid organ rejection after transplantation.Furthermore,we delve into the therapeutic advancements achieved by targeting autophagy involved in the rejection process.展开更多
Rotary steering systems(RSSs)have been increasingly used to develop horizontal wells.A static push-the-bit RSS uses three hydraulic modules with varying degrees of expansion and contraction to achieve changes in the p...Rotary steering systems(RSSs)have been increasingly used to develop horizontal wells.A static push-the-bit RSS uses three hydraulic modules with varying degrees of expansion and contraction to achieve changes in the pushing force acting on the wellbore in different sizes and directions within a circular range,ultimately allowing the wellbore trajectory to be drilled in a predetermined direction.By analyzing its mathematical principles and the actual characteristics of the instrument,a vector force closed-loop control method,including steering and holding modes,was designed.The adjustment criteria for the three hydraulic modules are determined to achieve rapid adjustment of the vector force.The theoretical feasibility of the developed method was verified by comparing its results with the on-site application data of an imported rotary guidance system.展开更多
Objective Selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs)have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of hypogonadism in males and male factor infertility.Two SERMs,clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen,are now prescribed for...Objective Selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs)have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of hypogonadism in males and male factor infertility.Two SERMs,clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen,are now prescribed for off-label use to treat both conditions in males.However,existing literature compares mixed protocols with active management.We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of clomiphene and tamoxifen versus placebo on natural pregnancy rates.Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of electronic databases:MEDLINE,PubMed/PMC,EMBASE,CINAHL,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),Scopus,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.Articles satisfying all selection criteria were analyzed.The primary outcome was the incidence of pregnancy after receiving the treatment.Secondary outcomes included serum follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and testosterone levels,and sperm count and motility.We calculated the pooled odds ratio,risk ratio,and risk difference to ascertain possible alterations in the direction of the pooled effect size.Results Ten randomized controlled trials were ultimately included and underwent data extraction.Clomiphene citrate and placebo groups had similar pregnancy rates(10.4%and 7.1%,respectively;odds ratio 1.30[95%confidence interval 0.27–6.17];p=0.74).No meta-analysis could be calculated for pregnancy rates in tamoxifen versus placebo groups.Heterogeneity among the studies of both SERMs ranged from low to high.Conclusion Although clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen are often used off-label for the treatment of male infertility secondary to hypogonadism,studies of SERMs in the treatment of idiopathic male factor infertility are limited and heterogenous,preventing this meta-analysis from investigating the efficacy of SERMs on male infertility.The effect of clomiphene citrate or tamoxifen on the pregnancy rate remains uncertain.展开更多
In this paper,an index modulation(IM)aided uplink orthogonal time frequency space modulation(OTFS)structure for sparse code multiple access(SCMA)is proposed.To be more specific,the information bits are firstly partiti...In this paper,an index modulation(IM)aided uplink orthogonal time frequency space modulation(OTFS)structure for sparse code multiple access(SCMA)is proposed.To be more specific,the information bits are firstly partitioned for transmit antenna(TA)selection and sparse codeword mapping,respectively.Subsequently,the codewords deployed on the 2-dimensional(2D)delay-Doppler(DD)plane are transmitted by the selected TA,and the superimposed signals are jointly detected at the receiver.Furthermore,a low-complexity zero-embedded expectation propagation(ZE-EP)detector is conceived,where the codebooks are extended with zero vectors to reflect the silent indices.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IM-OTFS-SCMA system is capable of providing significant performance gain over the OTFS-SCMA counterpart.展开更多
New communication systems require high spectral and energy efficiencies to meet the growing demand for services in future networks.In this paper,an efficient multiple parallel reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-...New communication systems require high spectral and energy efficiencies to meet the growing demand for services in future networks.In this paper,an efficient multiple parallel reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-assisted multiuser(MU) multiple input-multiple output(MIMO) double quadrature spatial modulation(DQSM) downlink transmission system is presented.In the transmitter,the proposed N-RIS-MU-MIMO-DQSM system uses a modified block diagonalization technique and a genetic algorithm(GA) to jointly design the precoding signals required at the base station(BS) and the optimal phase changes required at multiple RISs.A reduced detection complexity and improved bit error rate(BER) performance are achieved by incorporating spatial modulation.The proposed system is compared under the same conditions and parameters with two reference systems,considering blind and optimized RISs approaches over correlated Rayleigh fading channels.Results show that compared with a similar system that does not use RISs,the proposed system has up to30 dB gain in BER performance.Compared with a similar system based on conventional quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed system has gains of up to 2-3 dB in BER performance and up to 55.8% lower detection complexity for the analyzed cases.展开更多
Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reas...Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reasonable manual inspection capacity.Given that idlers typically have a lifespan of 1-2 years,there is an urgent need for a rapid,cost-effective,and intelligent safety monitoring system.However,current embedded systems face prohibitive replacement costs,while conventional monitoring technologies suffer from inefficiency at low rotational speeds and lack systematic structural optimization frameworks for diverse idler types and parameters.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an integrated,on-site detachable self-powered idler condition monitoring system(ICMS).This system combines energy harvesting based on the magnetic modulation technology with wireless condition monitoring capabilities.Specifically,it develops a data-driven model integrating convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with genetic algorithms(GAs).The conventional testing results show that the data-driven model not only significantly accelerates the parameter response time,but also achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.95%.The in-situ experiments conducted in coal mines demonstrate the system's reliability and monitoring functionality under both no-load and fullload conditions.This research provides an innovative self-powered condition monitoring solution and develops an efficient data-driven model,offering feasible online monitoring approaches for smart mine construction.展开更多
This paper designs a high-frequency stable wireless amplitude modulation(AM)system based on a Pierce circuit.The system utilizes an oscillator and comparator to generate a 20 kHz square wave with an adjustable duty cy...This paper designs a high-frequency stable wireless amplitude modulation(AM)system based on a Pierce circuit.The system utilizes an oscillator and comparator to generate a 20 kHz square wave with an adjustable duty cycle,combined with a 41 MHz carrier wave produced by a passive crystal oscillator Pierce circuit.A 100% modulation index amplitude modulation is achieved through the AD835 multiplier.The modulated signal is amplified by a power amplifier circuit and transmitted wirelessly via the transmitter antenna.Upon reception,the signal undergoes two-stage highfrequency amplification before passing through a Schottky diode envelope detector.The NE5532 shaping circuit then restores the square wave.Experimental results demonstrate reliable 11-meter transmission with carrier frequency deviation<0.75% and demodulation error<1%.展开更多
With the advancement of electronic countermeasures,airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems are facing increasing challenges in maintaining effective performance in hostile environments.In particular,high-power i...With the advancement of electronic countermeasures,airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems are facing increasing challenges in maintaining effective performance in hostile environments.In particular,high-power interference can severely degrade SAR imaging and signal processing,often rendering target detection impossible.This highlights the urgent need for robust anti-interference solutions in both the signal processing and image processing domains.While current methods address interference across various domains,techniques such as waveform modification and spatial filtering typically increase the system costs and complexity.To overcome these limitations,we propose a novel approach that leverages the multi-domain characteristics of interference to efficiently suppress narrowband interference and repeater modulation interference.Specifically,narrowband interference is mitigated using notch filtering,a signal processing technique that effectively filters out unwanted frequencies,while repeater modulation interference is addressed through strong signal amplitude normalization,which enhances both the signal and image processing quality.These methods were validated through tests on real SAR data,demonstrating significant improvements in the imaging performance and system robustness.Our approach offers valuable insights for advancing anti-interference technologies in SAR systems and provides a cost-effective solution to enhance their resilience in complex electronic warfare environments.展开更多
Continuing advancement in astronomy,space exploration,and scientific detection,has increased demand for infrared multi-band detection systems.Traditional three-band optical systems,designed to simultaneously image at ...Continuing advancement in astronomy,space exploration,and scientific detection,has increased demand for infrared multi-band detection systems.Traditional three-band optical systems,designed to simultaneously image at infrared short-wave,mid-wave,and long-wave bands typically rely on dispersive elements,leading to bulky sizes,complex system architectures,low efficiency,and challenges in rapid assembly.To overcome these obstacles,in combination with the latest third-generation infrared detectors,we propose a design for a compact and lightweight three-band optical system,with infrared capabilities in all three required bands.The core of this approach is an integrated design philosophy that emphasizes the high steepness of mirror surfaces.This design achieves uniform correction and optimization of chromatic aberration and off-axis aberration across the spectral range.We introduce a novel integration of optical and mechanical elements to replace traditional assembly,reducing manufacturing and assembly errors,and degrees of freedom,associated with high-power optical elements.Confirming the effectiveness through a combination of simulations and experimental comparisons,the measured mid-wave full-field transfer function exceeds 0.405 at 17 lp/mm,satisfying the imaging requirements of the system.The optical system is lightweight and compact,with a total mass under 408 g and a compact volume of justΦ112 mm×117 mm.This serves as a valuable reference for the engineering application of high-performance,compact multi-band infrared composite detection systems for astronomy and space exploration.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts are promising for H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis from O_(2) and H_(2)O,but their efficiency is still limited by the ill-defined electronic structure.In this study,Co single-atoms with unique four plan...Single-atom catalysts are promising for H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis from O_(2) and H_(2)O,but their efficiency is still limited by the ill-defined electronic structure.In this study,Co single-atoms with unique four planar N-coordination and one axial P-coordination(Co-N_(4)P_(1))are decorated on the lateral edges of nanorod-like crystalline g-C_(3)N_(4)(CCN)photocatalysts.Significantly,the electronic structures of central Co as active sites for O_(2) reduction reaction(ORR)and planar N-coordinator as active sites for H_(2)O oxidation reaction(WOR)in Co-N_(4)P_(1) can be well regulated by the synergetic effects of introducing axial P-coordinator,in contrast to the decorated Co single-atoms with only four planar N-coordination(Co-N_(4)).Specifically,directional photoelectron accumulation at central Co active sites,induced by an introduced midgap level in Co-N_(4)P_(1),mediates the ORR active sites from 4e–-ORR-selective terminal–NH_(2) sites to 2e–-ORR-selective Co sites,moreover,an elevated d-band center of Co 3d orbital strengthens ORR intermediate*OOH adsorption,thus jointly facilitating a highly selective and active 2e^(–)-ORR pathway to H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis.Simultaneously,a downshifted p-band center of N_(2)p orbital in Co-N_(4)P_(1) weakens WOR intermediate*OH adsorption,thus enabling a preferable 2e^(–)-WOR pathway toward H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis.Subsequently,Co-N_(4)P_(1) exhibits exceptional H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis efficiency,reaching 295.6μmol g^(-1) h^(-1) with a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.32%,which is 15 times that of Co-N_(4)(19.2μmol g^(-1) h^(-1))and 10 times higher than CCN(27.6μmol g^(-1) h^(-1)).This electronic structure modulation on single-atom catalysts offers a promising strategy for boosting the activity and selectivity of H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis.展开更多
An adaptive dispersion estimation(ADE)is proposed to compensate dispersion and estimate the transfer function of the fiber channel with GerchbergSaxton(G-S)algorithm,using the stochastic gradient descent(SGD)method in...An adaptive dispersion estimation(ADE)is proposed to compensate dispersion and estimate the transfer function of the fiber channel with GerchbergSaxton(G-S)algorithm,using the stochastic gradient descent(SGD)method in the intensity-modulation and direct-detection(IM-DD)system,improving the tolerance of the algorithm to chromatic dispersion(CD).In order to address the divergence arising from the perturbation in the amplitude of the received signal caused by the filtering effect of the non-ideal channels,a channel-compensation equalizer(CCE)derived from the back-to-back(BTB)scenario is employed at the transmitter to make the amplitude of the received signal depicting the CD effect more accurately.The simulation results demonstrate the essentiality of CCE for the convergence and performance improvement of the G-S algorithm.Results show that it supports 112Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)over 100 km standard single-mode fiber(SSMF)transmission under the 7%forward error correction(FEC)threshold of 3.8E-3.Besides,ADE improves the tolerance to wavelength drift from about 4 nm to 42 nm,and there is a better tolerance for fiber distance perturbation,indicating the G-S algorithm and its derived algorithms with the ADE scheme exhibit superior robustness to the perturbation in the system.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilin...In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.展开更多
Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
This paper examines theπ/4QPSK modulation communication transmission system,analyzing the performance advantages and disadvantages ofπ/4QPSK in comparison to QPSK.It also presents a comprehensive FPGA implementation...This paper examines theπ/4QPSK modulation communication transmission system,analyzing the performance advantages and disadvantages ofπ/4QPSK in comparison to QPSK.It also presents a comprehensive FPGA implementation scheme for a modulation communication transmission system,integrating RS channel coding,framing,frequency conversion,and other modules.This design is based on practical research and development requirements.The Xilinx Spartan6 chip board was used for board-level verification.Theπ/4QPSK modulated signal was transmitted via D/A conversion and radio frequency,with the transmitted waveform was looped back for reception.After A/D processing,the correctness of the designed modulation transmission scheme was verified.展开更多
Realizing the valley Hall effect by breaking the spatial inversion symmetry of photonic systems has become a cutting-edge field of micro-nano-optics,since the valley degree of freedom was introduced into photonic syst...Realizing the valley Hall effect by breaking the spatial inversion symmetry of photonic systems has become a cutting-edge field of micro-nano-optics,since the valley degree of freedom was introduced into photonic system.Various novel devices based on the domain walls of the valley photonic crystals have also been demonstrated.In this article,we investigate the variation of edge states by the modulation of refractive index within the domain walls,and the geometric difference between the dielectric columns of the sublattices.Straight photonic crystal waveguides with three types of domain walls(bearded,zigzag,armchair)are constructed.Simulation results show that the creation of a double-edge state in the band diagram results in two windows of stable transmission in tunable bands.Our findings might have significant implications in the field of novel optical devices.展开更多
An approach to identification of linear continuous-time system is studied with modulating functions. Based on wavelet analysis theory, the multi-resolution modulating functions are designed, and the corresponding filt...An approach to identification of linear continuous-time system is studied with modulating functions. Based on wavelet analysis theory, the multi-resolution modulating functions are designed, and the corresponding filters have been analyzed. Using linear modulating filters, we can obtain an identification model that is parameterized directly in continuous-time model parameters. By applying the results from discrete-time model identification to the obtained identification model, a continuous-time estimation method is developed. Considering the accuracy of parameter estimates, an instrumental variable (Ⅳ) method is proposed, and the design of modulating integral filter is discussed. The relationship between the accuracy of identification and the parameter of modulating filter is investigated, and some points about designing Gaussian wavelet modulating function are outlined. Finally, a simulation study is also included to verify the theoretical results.展开更多
基金the funding and generous support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103263,52271249)the Key Project of International Science&Technology Cooperation of Shaanxi Province(2023-GHZD-09)+5 种基金the Key Project of Science Foundation of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(22JY011)the Key Project of Scientific Research and Development of Shaanxi Province(2023GXLH-070)the Qinchuangyuan"Scientist+Engineer"Team of Shaanxi Province(2023KXJ-069)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBGY-488)the Sci-tech Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RS-CXTD-46)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2020ZDLGY13-11).
文摘All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature condition.Herein,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel)system was subtly created though an"on-demand"dual-layer structure design strategy.The PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating regulation.Furthermore,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74)and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52)in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃in summer and 6.1℃in winter,respectively.Moreover,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and climates.This novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.
基金supported by the External Cooperation Program of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China(2024I0016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZQN-1005).
文摘Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.82272503)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LQN25H060006)
文摘Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed the cell biology characters of ONFH osteonecrosis area bone tissue in single cell scale and thus identified a novel ONFH treatment approach based on M2 macrophages-derived exosomes(M2-Exos).We further show that M2-Exos are highly effective in the treatment of ONFH by modulating the phenotypes communication between neutrophil and endothelium including neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial phenotype transition.Additionally,we identified that M2-Exos’therapeutic effect is attributed to the high content of miR-93-5p and constructed miR-93-5p overexpression model in vitro and in vivo based on lentivirus and adenoassociated virus respectively.Then we found miR-93-5p can not only reduce neutrophil extracellular traps formation but also improve angiogenic ability of endothelial cells.These results provided a new theoretical basis for the clinical application of ONFH therapeutic exosomes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12375019 and 11974273)。
文摘The control of adiabatic dynamics is essential for quantum manipulation.We investigate the effects of both periodic modulating field and linear sweeping field on adiabatic dynamics based on a non-reciprocal Landau-Zener model with periodic modulation.We obtain adiabatic phase diagrams in the(ω,δ)parameter space,where the adiabatic region is bounded by the modulating frequencyωgreater than a critical valueω_(c) and the non-reciprocal parameterδless than one.The results show that the adiabaticity of the system is not sensitive to the modulating amplitude.We find that the critical modulating frequency can be expressed as a power function of the modulating period number or the sweeping rate.Our findings suggest that one can change the adiabatic region or improve the adiabaticity by adjusting the parameters of both the modulating and the sweeping fields,which provides an effective means to flexibly control the adiabatic dynamics of non-reciprocal systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82100691China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2021M693631.
文摘Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for endstage organ failure,metabolic diseases,and malignant tumors.However,graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch remains a significant challenge.While modern immunosuppressants have made significant strides in reducing the incidence and risk of rejection,they have not been able to eliminate it completely.The intricate mechanisms underlying transplant rejection have been the subject of intense investigation by transplant immunologists.Among these factors,autophagy has emerged as a key player.Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells that mediates autophagocytosis and cellular protection.This process is regulated by autophagy-related genes and their encoded protein families,which maintain the material and energetic balance within cells.Additionally,autophagy has been reported to play crucial roles in the development,maturation,differentiation,and responses of immune cells.In the complex immune environment following transplantation,the role and mechanisms of autophagy are gradually being revealed.In this review,we aim to explore the current understanding of the role of autophagy in solid organ rejection after transplantation.Furthermore,we delve into the therapeutic advancements achieved by targeting autophagy involved in the rejection process.
基金supported by the Opening Foundation of China National Logging Corporation(CNLC20229C06)the China Petroleum Technical Service Corporation's science project'Development and application of 475 rotary steering system'(2024T-001001)。
文摘Rotary steering systems(RSSs)have been increasingly used to develop horizontal wells.A static push-the-bit RSS uses three hydraulic modules with varying degrees of expansion and contraction to achieve changes in the pushing force acting on the wellbore in different sizes and directions within a circular range,ultimately allowing the wellbore trajectory to be drilled in a predetermined direction.By analyzing its mathematical principles and the actual characteristics of the instrument,a vector force closed-loop control method,including steering and holding modes,was designed.The adjustment criteria for the three hydraulic modules are determined to achieve rapid adjustment of the vector force.The theoretical feasibility of the developed method was verified by comparing its results with the on-site application data of an imported rotary guidance system.
文摘Objective Selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs)have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of hypogonadism in males and male factor infertility.Two SERMs,clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen,are now prescribed for off-label use to treat both conditions in males.However,existing literature compares mixed protocols with active management.We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of clomiphene and tamoxifen versus placebo on natural pregnancy rates.Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of electronic databases:MEDLINE,PubMed/PMC,EMBASE,CINAHL,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),Scopus,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.Articles satisfying all selection criteria were analyzed.The primary outcome was the incidence of pregnancy after receiving the treatment.Secondary outcomes included serum follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and testosterone levels,and sperm count and motility.We calculated the pooled odds ratio,risk ratio,and risk difference to ascertain possible alterations in the direction of the pooled effect size.Results Ten randomized controlled trials were ultimately included and underwent data extraction.Clomiphene citrate and placebo groups had similar pregnancy rates(10.4%and 7.1%,respectively;odds ratio 1.30[95%confidence interval 0.27–6.17];p=0.74).No meta-analysis could be calculated for pregnancy rates in tamoxifen versus placebo groups.Heterogeneity among the studies of both SERMs ranged from low to high.Conclusion Although clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen are often used off-label for the treatment of male infertility secondary to hypogonadism,studies of SERMs in the treatment of idiopathic male factor infertility are limited and heterogenous,preventing this meta-analysis from investigating the efficacy of SERMs on male infertility.The effect of clomiphene citrate or tamoxifen on the pregnancy rate remains uncertain.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China with Grant number 2021YFB2900502。
文摘In this paper,an index modulation(IM)aided uplink orthogonal time frequency space modulation(OTFS)structure for sparse code multiple access(SCMA)is proposed.To be more specific,the information bits are firstly partitioned for transmit antenna(TA)selection and sparse codeword mapping,respectively.Subsequently,the codewords deployed on the 2-dimensional(2D)delay-Doppler(DD)plane are transmitted by the selected TA,and the superimposed signals are jointly detected at the receiver.Furthermore,a low-complexity zero-embedded expectation propagation(ZE-EP)detector is conceived,where the codebooks are extended with zero vectors to reflect the silent indices.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IM-OTFS-SCMA system is capable of providing significant performance gain over the OTFS-SCMA counterpart.
文摘New communication systems require high spectral and energy efficiencies to meet the growing demand for services in future networks.In this paper,an efficient multiple parallel reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-assisted multiuser(MU) multiple input-multiple output(MIMO) double quadrature spatial modulation(DQSM) downlink transmission system is presented.In the transmitter,the proposed N-RIS-MU-MIMO-DQSM system uses a modified block diagonalization technique and a genetic algorithm(GA) to jointly design the precoding signals required at the base station(BS) and the optimal phase changes required at multiple RISs.A reduced detection complexity and improved bit error rate(BER) performance are achieved by incorporating spatial modulation.The proposed system is compared under the same conditions and parameters with two reference systems,considering blind and optimized RISs approaches over correlated Rayleigh fading channels.Results show that compared with a similar system that does not use RISs,the proposed system has up to30 dB gain in BER performance.Compared with a similar system based on conventional quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed system has gains of up to 2-3 dB in BER performance and up to 55.8% lower detection complexity for the analyzed cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172248,12302022,12021002,and 12132010)the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology of China(No.23JCZDJC00950)。
文摘Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reasonable manual inspection capacity.Given that idlers typically have a lifespan of 1-2 years,there is an urgent need for a rapid,cost-effective,and intelligent safety monitoring system.However,current embedded systems face prohibitive replacement costs,while conventional monitoring technologies suffer from inefficiency at low rotational speeds and lack systematic structural optimization frameworks for diverse idler types and parameters.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an integrated,on-site detachable self-powered idler condition monitoring system(ICMS).This system combines energy harvesting based on the magnetic modulation technology with wireless condition monitoring capabilities.Specifically,it develops a data-driven model integrating convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with genetic algorithms(GAs).The conventional testing results show that the data-driven model not only significantly accelerates the parameter response time,but also achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.95%.The in-situ experiments conducted in coal mines demonstrate the system's reliability and monitoring functionality under both no-load and fullload conditions.This research provides an innovative self-powered condition monitoring solution and develops an efficient data-driven model,offering feasible online monitoring approaches for smart mine construction.
文摘This paper designs a high-frequency stable wireless amplitude modulation(AM)system based on a Pierce circuit.The system utilizes an oscillator and comparator to generate a 20 kHz square wave with an adjustable duty cycle,combined with a 41 MHz carrier wave produced by a passive crystal oscillator Pierce circuit.A 100% modulation index amplitude modulation is achieved through the AD835 multiplier.The modulated signal is amplified by a power amplifier circuit and transmitted wirelessly via the transmitter antenna.Upon reception,the signal undergoes two-stage highfrequency amplification before passing through a Schottky diode envelope detector.The NE5532 shaping circuit then restores the square wave.Experimental results demonstrate reliable 11-meter transmission with carrier frequency deviation<0.75% and demodulation error<1%.
文摘With the advancement of electronic countermeasures,airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems are facing increasing challenges in maintaining effective performance in hostile environments.In particular,high-power interference can severely degrade SAR imaging and signal processing,often rendering target detection impossible.This highlights the urgent need for robust anti-interference solutions in both the signal processing and image processing domains.While current methods address interference across various domains,techniques such as waveform modification and spatial filtering typically increase the system costs and complexity.To overcome these limitations,we propose a novel approach that leverages the multi-domain characteristics of interference to efficiently suppress narrowband interference and repeater modulation interference.Specifically,narrowband interference is mitigated using notch filtering,a signal processing technique that effectively filters out unwanted frequencies,while repeater modulation interference is addressed through strong signal amplitude normalization,which enhances both the signal and image processing quality.These methods were validated through tests on real SAR data,demonstrating significant improvements in the imaging performance and system robustness.Our approach offers valuable insights for advancing anti-interference technologies in SAR systems and provides a cost-effective solution to enhance their resilience in complex electronic warfare environments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12073028,12473084).
文摘Continuing advancement in astronomy,space exploration,and scientific detection,has increased demand for infrared multi-band detection systems.Traditional three-band optical systems,designed to simultaneously image at infrared short-wave,mid-wave,and long-wave bands typically rely on dispersive elements,leading to bulky sizes,complex system architectures,low efficiency,and challenges in rapid assembly.To overcome these obstacles,in combination with the latest third-generation infrared detectors,we propose a design for a compact and lightweight three-band optical system,with infrared capabilities in all three required bands.The core of this approach is an integrated design philosophy that emphasizes the high steepness of mirror surfaces.This design achieves uniform correction and optimization of chromatic aberration and off-axis aberration across the spectral range.We introduce a novel integration of optical and mechanical elements to replace traditional assembly,reducing manufacturing and assembly errors,and degrees of freedom,associated with high-power optical elements.Confirming the effectiveness through a combination of simulations and experimental comparisons,the measured mid-wave full-field transfer function exceeds 0.405 at 17 lp/mm,satisfying the imaging requirements of the system.The optical system is lightweight and compact,with a total mass under 408 g and a compact volume of justΦ112 mm×117 mm.This serves as a valuable reference for the engineering application of high-performance,compact multi-band infrared composite detection systems for astronomy and space exploration.
文摘Single-atom catalysts are promising for H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis from O_(2) and H_(2)O,but their efficiency is still limited by the ill-defined electronic structure.In this study,Co single-atoms with unique four planar N-coordination and one axial P-coordination(Co-N_(4)P_(1))are decorated on the lateral edges of nanorod-like crystalline g-C_(3)N_(4)(CCN)photocatalysts.Significantly,the electronic structures of central Co as active sites for O_(2) reduction reaction(ORR)and planar N-coordinator as active sites for H_(2)O oxidation reaction(WOR)in Co-N_(4)P_(1) can be well regulated by the synergetic effects of introducing axial P-coordinator,in contrast to the decorated Co single-atoms with only four planar N-coordination(Co-N_(4)).Specifically,directional photoelectron accumulation at central Co active sites,induced by an introduced midgap level in Co-N_(4)P_(1),mediates the ORR active sites from 4e–-ORR-selective terminal–NH_(2) sites to 2e–-ORR-selective Co sites,moreover,an elevated d-band center of Co 3d orbital strengthens ORR intermediate*OOH adsorption,thus jointly facilitating a highly selective and active 2e^(–)-ORR pathway to H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis.Simultaneously,a downshifted p-band center of N_(2)p orbital in Co-N_(4)P_(1) weakens WOR intermediate*OH adsorption,thus enabling a preferable 2e^(–)-WOR pathway toward H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis.Subsequently,Co-N_(4)P_(1) exhibits exceptional H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis efficiency,reaching 295.6μmol g^(-1) h^(-1) with a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.32%,which is 15 times that of Co-N_(4)(19.2μmol g^(-1) h^(-1))and 10 times higher than CCN(27.6μmol g^(-1) h^(-1)).This electronic structure modulation on single-atom catalysts offers a promising strategy for boosting the activity and selectivity of H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC,U22A2005 and 62201033theYoung Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CIC 2021QNRC001。
文摘An adaptive dispersion estimation(ADE)is proposed to compensate dispersion and estimate the transfer function of the fiber channel with GerchbergSaxton(G-S)algorithm,using the stochastic gradient descent(SGD)method in the intensity-modulation and direct-detection(IM-DD)system,improving the tolerance of the algorithm to chromatic dispersion(CD).In order to address the divergence arising from the perturbation in the amplitude of the received signal caused by the filtering effect of the non-ideal channels,a channel-compensation equalizer(CCE)derived from the back-to-back(BTB)scenario is employed at the transmitter to make the amplitude of the received signal depicting the CD effect more accurately.The simulation results demonstrate the essentiality of CCE for the convergence and performance improvement of the G-S algorithm.Results show that it supports 112Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)over 100 km standard single-mode fiber(SSMF)transmission under the 7%forward error correction(FEC)threshold of 3.8E-3.Besides,ADE improves the tolerance to wavelength drift from about 4 nm to 42 nm,and there is a better tolerance for fiber distance perturbation,indicating the G-S algorithm and its derived algorithms with the ADE scheme exhibit superior robustness to the perturbation in the system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.12375006。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
文摘This paper examines theπ/4QPSK modulation communication transmission system,analyzing the performance advantages and disadvantages ofπ/4QPSK in comparison to QPSK.It also presents a comprehensive FPGA implementation scheme for a modulation communication transmission system,integrating RS channel coding,framing,frequency conversion,and other modules.This design is based on practical research and development requirements.The Xilinx Spartan6 chip board was used for board-level verification.Theπ/4QPSK modulated signal was transmitted via D/A conversion and radio frequency,with the transmitted waveform was looped back for reception.After A/D processing,the correctness of the designed modulation transmission scheme was verified.
基金supported by the Self-Deployment Project Research Program of the Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CXZX-2022-GH09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11774103)the Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(No.2021ZR114)。
文摘Realizing the valley Hall effect by breaking the spatial inversion symmetry of photonic systems has become a cutting-edge field of micro-nano-optics,since the valley degree of freedom was introduced into photonic system.Various novel devices based on the domain walls of the valley photonic crystals have also been demonstrated.In this article,we investigate the variation of edge states by the modulation of refractive index within the domain walls,and the geometric difference between the dielectric columns of the sublattices.Straight photonic crystal waveguides with three types of domain walls(bearded,zigzag,armchair)are constructed.Simulation results show that the creation of a double-edge state in the band diagram results in two windows of stable transmission in tunable bands.Our findings might have significant implications in the field of novel optical devices.
基金This project was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2003034466)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (02B032).
文摘An approach to identification of linear continuous-time system is studied with modulating functions. Based on wavelet analysis theory, the multi-resolution modulating functions are designed, and the corresponding filters have been analyzed. Using linear modulating filters, we can obtain an identification model that is parameterized directly in continuous-time model parameters. By applying the results from discrete-time model identification to the obtained identification model, a continuous-time estimation method is developed. Considering the accuracy of parameter estimates, an instrumental variable (Ⅳ) method is proposed, and the design of modulating integral filter is discussed. The relationship between the accuracy of identification and the parameter of modulating filter is investigated, and some points about designing Gaussian wavelet modulating function are outlined. Finally, a simulation study is also included to verify the theoretical results.
