Background As the population in China rapidly ages,the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is increasing considerably.However,the causes of MCI vary.The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes ...Background As the population in China rapidly ages,the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is increasing considerably.However,the causes of MCI vary.The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes of MCI impedes the implementation of effective measures to reduce the risk of advancing to more severe cognitive diseases.Aims To estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of two MCI subtypes—amnestic MCI(aMCI)and vascular cognitive impairment without dementia(VCIND)—and to determine modifiable factors for them among older individuals in a multiregional Chinese cohort.Method This 1-year longitudinal study surveyed a random sample of participants aged≥60 years from a large,community-dwelling cohort in China.Baseline lifestyle data were self-reported,while vascular and comorbid conditions were obtained from medical records and physical examinations.In total,3514 and 2051 individuals completed the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments,respectively.Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to identify the modifiable factors for MCI subtypes and predictors of cognitive decline,respectively.Results Among our participants,aMCI and VCIND demonstrated prevalence of 14.83%and 2.71%,respectively,and annual incidence(per 1000 person-years)of 69.6 and 10.6,respectively.The risk factor for aMCI was age,whereas its protective factors were high education level,tea consumption and physical activity.Moreover,VCIND risk factors were age,hypertension and depression.The presence of endocrine disease,cerebral trauma or hypertension was associated with a faster decline in cognition over 1 year.Conclusions MCI is a serious health problem in China that will only worsen as the population ages if no widespread interventions are implemented.Preventive strategies that promote brain activity and support healthy lifestyle choices are required.We identified modifiable factors for MCI in older individuals.The easy-to-adopt solutions such as tea consumption and physical activity can aid in preventing MCI.展开更多
The invasive pest whitefly(Bemisia tabaci)is a complex species,of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1(MEAM1)and Mediterranean(MED)are the two most damaging members.Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infest...The invasive pest whitefly(Bemisia tabaci)is a complex species,of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1(MEAM1)and Mediterranean(MED)are the two most damaging members.Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infested with MEAM1 but seldomly with MED,and this difference in performance is associated with glucosi-nolate(GS)content.Some insects can modify GS using glucosinolate sulfatase(SULF),the activity of which is regulated by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1);therefore,to increase our understanding of different performances of MEAM1 and MED on cabbage plants,we identified and compared nine putative SULFs and one SUMF in MEAM1 and MED.We found that the lengths of two genes,BtSulf2 and BtSulf4,differed between MEAM1 and MED.The messenger RNA levels of BtSulf4 increased more than 20-fold after MEAMl and MED adults were exposed to GS,but BtSulJ2 expression was only induced by GS in MEAM1.Knockdown of BtSulf2 and BtSulf4 in MEAM1 resulted in a substantial increase in the mortality of GS-treated adults but not in MED.These results indicate that differences in BtSulJ2 and BtSulf4 sequences and/or expression may explain why MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage.Our results provide a basis for future functional research on SULF and SUMF in B.tabaci.展开更多
Objective:To study the clinical profiles of children with febrile seizures,comparing those with single episodes to recurrent cases,and identify predictors of recurrence.In addition,to develop a scoring system to predi...Objective:To study the clinical profiles of children with febrile seizures,comparing those with single episodes to recurrent cases,and identify predictors of recurrence.In addition,to develop a scoring system to predict recurrence after the first febrile seizure,and identify modifiable risk factors to mitigate recurrence risks.Methods:This cross-sectional study included children aged 6 months to 5 years with typical febrile seizures,seen as inpatients or outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Data were collected via parent interviews,physical exams,and laboratory tests.The questionnaire covered demographics,antenatal,natal,and postnatal events,seizure history,family history,immunization,daycare attendance,and fever management.Clinical evaluations ruled out central nervous system infections and fever causes were diagnosed per ICD-10 at discharge.Laboratory tests assessed anemia,dyselectrolytemia,and hypoglycemia.Data were analyzed in SPSS Version 25 using descriptive statistics,t-tests,Chi-square tests,and odds ratios with 95%confidence intervals(CI),with significance set at P<0.05.Results:451 children were included in this study.Low birth weight(OR=2.60,95%CI=1.12-6.33,P=0.026),age at first episode>12 months(OR=0.28,95%CI=0.16-0.48,P0.001),family history of febrile seizure(OR=5.21,95%CI=2.92-9.28,P<0.001),no intermittent prophylaxis(OR=15.25,95%CI=7.05-32.90,P<0.001),treatment for fever(OR=0.26,95%CI=0.13-0.51)and low socioeconomic status(OR=5.87,95%CI=3.32-10.38)were significantly associated with recurrent febrile seizures.Conclusions:Low birth weight,age at first episode≤12 months,family history of febrile seizure,no intermittent prophylaxis,inadequate treatment for fever and low socioeconomic status were significant risk factors for having recurrent febrile seizures in children aged from 6 months to 5 years.展开更多
BACKGROUND Motoric cognitive risk(MCR)syndrome represents an“ultra-early”stage of dementia prevention,highlighting the need for effective screening tools.AIM To develop and validate a novel tool for MCR identificati...BACKGROUND Motoric cognitive risk(MCR)syndrome represents an“ultra-early”stage of dementia prevention,highlighting the need for effective screening tools.AIM To develop and validate a novel tool for MCR identification,comparing its effectiveness with existing methods.METHODS As part of a community study on healthy aging,a cross-sectional study recruited 1189 Chinese participants aged 50 years and older between May 1,2022,and March 15,2023.The cohort was randomly split into training(70%)and testing(30%)datasets.Relevant features were selected for logistic regression(LR)and decision tree(DT)models using the training dataset,and their performance was subsequently assessed using the testing dataset to validate reliability and generalizability.RESULTS The prevalence of MCR was 13.12%among 1189 participants.DT models had the area under the curves(AUCs)of 0.834 and 0.821 for training and testing datasets,respectively,while LR models indicated AUCs of 0.840 and 0.859.Non-inferiority tests confirmed the DT model’s comparable effectiveness to the LR models in predicting MCR.Both models demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility.Seven modifiable risk factors were identified:Age,education level,social engagement,physical activity,nutritional status,depressive symptoms,and purpose in life.Notably,social engagement emerged as a novel factor compared to those previously identified.Both models are integrated into an easy-to-use,interpretable web-based user interface.CONCLUSION The interactive,web-based user interface of both models effectively identifies MCR,with the DT model recommended for its simplicity and interpretability,supporting community nurses and clinicians in triaging MCR.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at risk of type 2 diabetes which could be targeted in the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent the disease. <strong>Methods:</strong> 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes (aged 15 - 60 years) were identified and selected at random during a preliminary survey conducted in two groups of villages in northeastern Benin. The study took part on August 2017. Questionnaires were administered to consenting subjects;anthropometric measurements taken and blood samples withdrawn. Blood samples were subjected to biochemical testing according to standard protocols. <strong>Results:</strong> Data was obtained from 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. The average age of the subjects was 42.76 ± 11.30 years. Multivariate analysis showed inadequate dietary intake score, low physical activity and tobacco use as behavioral factors significantly associated with high waist circumference, high blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels and high body fat percentage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a possible association between biological and behavioral risk factors.展开更多
In this investigation,attempts are made to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction on the deflection modification factor of multistory buildings and to clarify the role of deformable soil on this factor.A co...In this investigation,attempts are made to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction on the deflection modification factor of multistory buildings and to clarify the role of deformable soil on this factor.A comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effect of inertial interaction on displacement demand ratios in soil-structure systems with different structural characteristics and various non-dimensional parameters,using a simplified interacting model.A two-step regression analysis of the nonlinear,dynamic computer simulation results obtained,leads to a reliable and accurate formula for predicting deflection modification factors that incorporate foundation flexibility.The results illustrate that the application of deflection modification factors derived from fixed-base structures can lead to unsafe evaluation of the structures on soft soil.The proposed formula provides a useful tool for design engineers to incorporate the effect of soil-structure interaction into the evaluation of structural deformations.展开更多
Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of thi...Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.展开更多
To increase the variety and security of communication, we present the definitions of modified projective synchronization with complex scaling factors （CMPS） of real chaotic systems and complex chaotic systems, where...To increase the variety and security of communication, we present the definitions of modified projective synchronization with complex scaling factors （CMPS） of real chaotic systems and complex chaotic systems, where complex scaling factors establish a link between real chaos and complex chaos. Considering all situations of unknown parameters and pseudo-gradient condition, we design adaptive CMPS schemes based on the speed-gradient method for the real drive chaotic system and complex response chaotic system and for the complex drive chaotic system and the real response chaotic system, respectively. The convergence factors and dynamical control strength are added to regulate the convergence speed and increase robustness. Numerical simulations verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented schemes.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.M...Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and展开更多
Background The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)have not been thoroughly documented.We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS,while accounti...Background The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)have not been thoroughly documented.We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS,while accounting for the impact of unobserved confounders and coexisting disorders.Methods Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation(MR)analyses were integrated to identify potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders linked to IBS.Subsequently,multiresponse MR(MR2)was employed to further examine these associations.Summary-level genome-wide association data were used.Modifiable factors and coexisting disorders(ie,gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders)were identified based on evidence from cohort studies and meta-analysis.In all analyses,IBS was the primary outcome,while in the MR2 analysis,coexisting disorders were also treated as outcomes alongside IBS.Results Most identified modifiable factors and coexisting disorders exhibited genetic correlations with IBS.MR analyses revealed strong causation between IBS and multisite chronic pain(OR=2.20,95%CI 1.82 to 2.66),gastro-oesophageal reflux disease(OR=1.31,95%CI 1.23 to 1.39),well-being spectrum(OR=0.17,95%CI 0.13 to 0.21),life satisfaction(OR=0.31,95%CI 0.25 to 0.38),positive affect(OR=0.30,95%CI 0.24 to 0.37),neuroticism score(OR=1.20,95%CI 1.16 to 1.25)and depression(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.37 to 1.66).Additionally,smoking,alcohol frequency,college or university degree,intelligence,childhood maltreatment,frailty index,diverticular disease of the intestine and schizophrenia were suggestively associated with IBS.Robust associations were found between multisite chronic pain and both IBS and coexisting disorders.Conclusions Our study identified a comprehensive array of potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders associated with IBS,supported by genetic evidence,including genetic correlation and multiple MR analyses.The presence of multisite chronic pain may offer a promising avenue for the concurrent prevention of IBS and its coexisting disorders.展开更多
Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was...Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.展开更多
Objective:It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer(BC).Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)is a pivotal mediator in...Objective:It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer(BC).Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)is a pivotal mediator involved in RNA decay and cell apoptosis.However,the regulation and roles of PNPT1 in bladder cancer remain largely unclear.Methods:The upstream miRNA regulators were predicted by in silico analysis.The expression levels of PNPT1 were evaluated by real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry(IHC),while miR-183-5p levels were evaluated by qPCR in BC cell lines and tissues.In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the function of miR-183-5p and PNPT1 in apoptotic RNA decay and the tumorigenic capability of bladder cancer cells.Results:PNPT1 expression was decreased in BC tissues and cell lines.Overexpression of PNPT1 significantly promoted cisplatin-induced intrinsic apoptosis of BC cells,whereas depletion of PNPT1 potently alleviated these effects.Moreover,oncogenic miR183-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR of PNPT1 and reversed the tumor suppressive role of PNPT1.Intriguingly,miR-183-5p modulated not only PNPT1 but also Bcl2 modifying factor(BMF)to inhibit the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization(MOMP)in BC cells.Conclusion:Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying intrinsic apoptosis in BC,suggesting that the miR-183-5p-PNPT1 regulatory axis regulates the apoptosis of BC cells and might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of BC.展开更多
The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of...The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of CJRM is important for engineering construction.The Voronoi diagram and three-dimensional printing technology were used to make an irregular columnar jointed mold,and the irregular CJRM(ICJRM)specimens with different dip directions and dip angles were prepared.Uniaxial compression tests were performed,and the anisotropic strength and deformation characteristics of ICJRM were described.The failure modes and mechanisms were revealed in accordance with the final appearances of the ICJRM specimens.Based on the model test results,the empirical correlations for determining the field deformation and strength parameters of CJRM were derived using the dip angle and modified joint factor.The proposed empirical equations were used in the Baihetan Project,and the calculated mechanical parameters were compared with the field test results and those obtained from the tunneling quality index method.Results showed that the deformation parameters determined by the two proposed methods are all consistent with the field test results,and these two methods can also estimate the strength parameters effectively.展开更多
With the help of the modified geometrical factor theory, the Marquardt method was used to calculate the true electrical parameters of the formation from array induction logs. The inversion results derived from the ass...With the help of the modified geometrical factor theory, the Marquardt method was used to calculate the true electrical parameters of the formation from array induction logs. The inversion results derived from the assumed model and some practical cases show that the rebuilt formation profile determined by 2-ft resolution array induction logs is reasonable when the formation thickness is greater than 1 m, which thus indicates that the inversion method is reliable and can provide quantitative information for the discrimination of oil/gas or water zone.展开更多
Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the ...Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.Methods:A total of 20 male college students(aged 18-24 years)participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group.Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks.Flexibility,sprinting,and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions.Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.Results:Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head(p<0.026)and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles(p<0.004).Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles(p<0.041)and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting(p<0.017).Conclusion:Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.展开更多
The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, en...The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.展开更多
Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a maj...Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a major disadvantage as compared to environmental impact, that is, wildlife habitat disruption. In as much as it has become optimal for investment in hydropower dam construction, the scourge for dam failure is still eminent, which is as a result of excessive seepage compromising the integrity of the mechanical properties of the dam. The aim of the paper is to highlight successful application methods in joint bonding to avoid excessive seepage and reduce the autogenous healing to a few years of operation. In view of optimization, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the influences of interlayer joints bonding quality from RCC mix performances and how it consolidates the RCC layers to withstand the shear strength along the interface, especially on the high dams. The case study is the RCC dam at the 750 MW Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower Station. The scope of the study reviews the joint type judged by Modified Maturity Factor (MMF) with joint surface long time exposed in regions with dry and high temperature, technical measures of layer bonding quality control under condition of long time joint surface exposure, effects of joints shear strength and impermeability of the RCC layers when under the conditions of plastic and elasticity. The subtle observations made during the dam construction phases were with respect to the optimal use of materials in relation to RCC mix designs and the basis for equipment calibration for monitoring important data that can be referenced during analysis of shear forces acting on the RCC dam over time.展开更多
Consider the inverse scattering of time-harmonic acoustic waves by a mixed-type scatterer consisting of an inhomogeneous penetrable medium with a conductive transmission condition and various impenetrable obstacles wi...Consider the inverse scattering of time-harmonic acoustic waves by a mixed-type scatterer consisting of an inhomogeneous penetrable medium with a conductive transmission condition and various impenetrable obstacles with different kinds of boundary conditions.Based on the establishment of the well-posedness result of the direct problem,we intend to develop a modified factorization method to simultaneously reconstruct both the support of the inhomogeneous conductive medium and the shape and location of various impenetrable obstacles by means of the far-field data for all incident plane waves at a fixed wave number.Numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed inversion algorithms.展开更多
To the Editor:To motivate health promotion by prevention of modifiable risk factors and further reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD),the American Heart Association(AHA)recently updated and modified the Lif...To the Editor:To motivate health promotion by prevention of modifiable risk factors and further reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD),the American Heart Association(AHA)recently updated and modified the Life’s Simple 7(LS7)cardiovascular health(CVH)metrics to Life’s Essential 8(LE8).[1]A recent study conducted in China and other countries reported that the lower LE8 score was associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic CVD incidence and death.[2]However,whether CVH has different effects on acute coronary heart disease(CHD)and stroke,and more importantly,on the stage of CVD incidence or further progression to death remains unclear.This information is of great importance for clarifying the role of CVH in primary and secondary prevention.展开更多
An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on t...An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on the matrix equation in MAF(k) is made in order to impose the implicit boundary conditions properly.To be in consistent with the implicit solver for the interior domain,an implicit scheme for NSCBC is formulated.The performance of the developed algorithm is investigated using spatially evolving zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and a wall jet mixing with a cross flow over a flat plate with a square hole as the test cases.The numerical results are compared to the existing experimental datasets and a number of general correlations,together with other available numerical solutions,which demonstrate that the developed algorithm possesses promising capacity for simulating the subsonic viscous flows with large CFL number.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission[grant number:Z202406]the Jiangsu Commission of Health Program[grant number:M2024010]+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program[grant number:2022YFC3600600]the China Ministry of Science and Technology grants[grant number:2009BAI77B03]the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support[grant number:20172029]the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai[grant number:ZDCX20211201].
文摘Background As the population in China rapidly ages,the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is increasing considerably.However,the causes of MCI vary.The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes of MCI impedes the implementation of effective measures to reduce the risk of advancing to more severe cognitive diseases.Aims To estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of two MCI subtypes—amnestic MCI(aMCI)and vascular cognitive impairment without dementia(VCIND)—and to determine modifiable factors for them among older individuals in a multiregional Chinese cohort.Method This 1-year longitudinal study surveyed a random sample of participants aged≥60 years from a large,community-dwelling cohort in China.Baseline lifestyle data were self-reported,while vascular and comorbid conditions were obtained from medical records and physical examinations.In total,3514 and 2051 individuals completed the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments,respectively.Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to identify the modifiable factors for MCI subtypes and predictors of cognitive decline,respectively.Results Among our participants,aMCI and VCIND demonstrated prevalence of 14.83%and 2.71%,respectively,and annual incidence(per 1000 person-years)of 69.6 and 10.6,respectively.The risk factor for aMCI was age,whereas its protective factors were high education level,tea consumption and physical activity.Moreover,VCIND risk factors were age,hypertension and depression.The presence of endocrine disease,cerebral trauma or hypertension was associated with a faster decline in cognition over 1 year.Conclusions MCI is a serious health problem in China that will only worsen as the population ages if no widespread interventions are implemented.Preventive strategies that promote brain activity and support healthy lifestyle choices are required.We identified modifiable factors for MCI in older individuals.The easy-to-adopt solutions such as tea consumption and physical activity can aid in preventing MCI.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1002100)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-24-C-02)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)he Beijing Key Laboratory for Pest Control and Sustainable Cultivation of Vegetables.
文摘The invasive pest whitefly(Bemisia tabaci)is a complex species,of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1(MEAM1)and Mediterranean(MED)are the two most damaging members.Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infested with MEAM1 but seldomly with MED,and this difference in performance is associated with glucosi-nolate(GS)content.Some insects can modify GS using glucosinolate sulfatase(SULF),the activity of which is regulated by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1);therefore,to increase our understanding of different performances of MEAM1 and MED on cabbage plants,we identified and compared nine putative SULFs and one SUMF in MEAM1 and MED.We found that the lengths of two genes,BtSulf2 and BtSulf4,differed between MEAM1 and MED.The messenger RNA levels of BtSulf4 increased more than 20-fold after MEAMl and MED adults were exposed to GS,but BtSulJ2 expression was only induced by GS in MEAM1.Knockdown of BtSulf2 and BtSulf4 in MEAM1 resulted in a substantial increase in the mortality of GS-treated adults but not in MED.These results indicate that differences in BtSulJ2 and BtSulf4 sequences and/or expression may explain why MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage.Our results provide a basis for future functional research on SULF and SUMF in B.tabaci.
文摘Objective:To study the clinical profiles of children with febrile seizures,comparing those with single episodes to recurrent cases,and identify predictors of recurrence.In addition,to develop a scoring system to predict recurrence after the first febrile seizure,and identify modifiable risk factors to mitigate recurrence risks.Methods:This cross-sectional study included children aged 6 months to 5 years with typical febrile seizures,seen as inpatients or outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Data were collected via parent interviews,physical exams,and laboratory tests.The questionnaire covered demographics,antenatal,natal,and postnatal events,seizure history,family history,immunization,daycare attendance,and fever management.Clinical evaluations ruled out central nervous system infections and fever causes were diagnosed per ICD-10 at discharge.Laboratory tests assessed anemia,dyselectrolytemia,and hypoglycemia.Data were analyzed in SPSS Version 25 using descriptive statistics,t-tests,Chi-square tests,and odds ratios with 95%confidence intervals(CI),with significance set at P<0.05.Results:451 children were included in this study.Low birth weight(OR=2.60,95%CI=1.12-6.33,P=0.026),age at first episode>12 months(OR=0.28,95%CI=0.16-0.48,P0.001),family history of febrile seizure(OR=5.21,95%CI=2.92-9.28,P<0.001),no intermittent prophylaxis(OR=15.25,95%CI=7.05-32.90,P<0.001),treatment for fever(OR=0.26,95%CI=0.13-0.51)and low socioeconomic status(OR=5.87,95%CI=3.32-10.38)were significantly associated with recurrent febrile seizures.Conclusions:Low birth weight,age at first episode≤12 months,family history of febrile seizure,no intermittent prophylaxis,inadequate treatment for fever and low socioeconomic status were significant risk factors for having recurrent febrile seizures in children aged from 6 months to 5 years.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72174061 and No.71704053China Scholarship Council Foundation,No.202308330251Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission,No.2022KY370 and No.2023KY1186.
文摘BACKGROUND Motoric cognitive risk(MCR)syndrome represents an“ultra-early”stage of dementia prevention,highlighting the need for effective screening tools.AIM To develop and validate a novel tool for MCR identification,comparing its effectiveness with existing methods.METHODS As part of a community study on healthy aging,a cross-sectional study recruited 1189 Chinese participants aged 50 years and older between May 1,2022,and March 15,2023.The cohort was randomly split into training(70%)and testing(30%)datasets.Relevant features were selected for logistic regression(LR)and decision tree(DT)models using the training dataset,and their performance was subsequently assessed using the testing dataset to validate reliability and generalizability.RESULTS The prevalence of MCR was 13.12%among 1189 participants.DT models had the area under the curves(AUCs)of 0.834 and 0.821 for training and testing datasets,respectively,while LR models indicated AUCs of 0.840 and 0.859.Non-inferiority tests confirmed the DT model’s comparable effectiveness to the LR models in predicting MCR.Both models demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility.Seven modifiable risk factors were identified:Age,education level,social engagement,physical activity,nutritional status,depressive symptoms,and purpose in life.Notably,social engagement emerged as a novel factor compared to those previously identified.Both models are integrated into an easy-to-use,interpretable web-based user interface.CONCLUSION The interactive,web-based user interface of both models effectively identifies MCR,with the DT model recommended for its simplicity and interpretability,supporting community nurses and clinicians in triaging MCR.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at risk of type 2 diabetes which could be targeted in the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent the disease. <strong>Methods:</strong> 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes (aged 15 - 60 years) were identified and selected at random during a preliminary survey conducted in two groups of villages in northeastern Benin. The study took part on August 2017. Questionnaires were administered to consenting subjects;anthropometric measurements taken and blood samples withdrawn. Blood samples were subjected to biochemical testing according to standard protocols. <strong>Results:</strong> Data was obtained from 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. The average age of the subjects was 42.76 ± 11.30 years. Multivariate analysis showed inadequate dietary intake score, low physical activity and tobacco use as behavioral factors significantly associated with high waist circumference, high blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels and high body fat percentage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a possible association between biological and behavioral risk factors.
文摘In this investigation,attempts are made to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction on the deflection modification factor of multistory buildings and to clarify the role of deformable soil on this factor.A comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effect of inertial interaction on displacement demand ratios in soil-structure systems with different structural characteristics and various non-dimensional parameters,using a simplified interacting model.A two-step regression analysis of the nonlinear,dynamic computer simulation results obtained,leads to a reliable and accurate formula for predicting deflection modification factors that incorporate foundation flexibility.The results illustrate that the application of deflection modification factors derived from fixed-base structures can lead to unsafe evaluation of the structures on soft soil.The proposed formula provides a useful tool for design engineers to incorporate the effect of soil-structure interaction into the evaluation of structural deformations.
文摘Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61273088,10971120,and 61001099)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2010FM010)
文摘To increase the variety and security of communication, we present the definitions of modified projective synchronization with complex scaling factors （CMPS） of real chaotic systems and complex chaotic systems, where complex scaling factors establish a link between real chaos and complex chaos. Considering all situations of unknown parameters and pseudo-gradient condition, we design adaptive CMPS schemes based on the speed-gradient method for the real drive chaotic system and complex response chaotic system and for the complex drive chaotic system and the real response chaotic system, respectively. The convergence factors and dynamical control strength are added to regulate the convergence speed and increase robustness. Numerical simulations verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented schemes.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662)athe Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB38040200).The funders had no role in the study design,data analysis,interpretation of data,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Background The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)have not been thoroughly documented.We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS,while accounting for the impact of unobserved confounders and coexisting disorders.Methods Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation(MR)analyses were integrated to identify potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders linked to IBS.Subsequently,multiresponse MR(MR2)was employed to further examine these associations.Summary-level genome-wide association data were used.Modifiable factors and coexisting disorders(ie,gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders)were identified based on evidence from cohort studies and meta-analysis.In all analyses,IBS was the primary outcome,while in the MR2 analysis,coexisting disorders were also treated as outcomes alongside IBS.Results Most identified modifiable factors and coexisting disorders exhibited genetic correlations with IBS.MR analyses revealed strong causation between IBS and multisite chronic pain(OR=2.20,95%CI 1.82 to 2.66),gastro-oesophageal reflux disease(OR=1.31,95%CI 1.23 to 1.39),well-being spectrum(OR=0.17,95%CI 0.13 to 0.21),life satisfaction(OR=0.31,95%CI 0.25 to 0.38),positive affect(OR=0.30,95%CI 0.24 to 0.37),neuroticism score(OR=1.20,95%CI 1.16 to 1.25)and depression(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.37 to 1.66).Additionally,smoking,alcohol frequency,college or university degree,intelligence,childhood maltreatment,frailty index,diverticular disease of the intestine and schizophrenia were suggestively associated with IBS.Robust associations were found between multisite chronic pain and both IBS and coexisting disorders.Conclusions Our study identified a comprehensive array of potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders associated with IBS,supported by genetic evidence,including genetic correlation and multiple MR analyses.The presence of multisite chronic pain may offer a promising avenue for the concurrent prevention of IBS and its coexisting disorders.
文摘Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772714).
文摘Objective:It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer(BC).Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)is a pivotal mediator involved in RNA decay and cell apoptosis.However,the regulation and roles of PNPT1 in bladder cancer remain largely unclear.Methods:The upstream miRNA regulators were predicted by in silico analysis.The expression levels of PNPT1 were evaluated by real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry(IHC),while miR-183-5p levels were evaluated by qPCR in BC cell lines and tissues.In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the function of miR-183-5p and PNPT1 in apoptotic RNA decay and the tumorigenic capability of bladder cancer cells.Results:PNPT1 expression was decreased in BC tissues and cell lines.Overexpression of PNPT1 significantly promoted cisplatin-induced intrinsic apoptosis of BC cells,whereas depletion of PNPT1 potently alleviated these effects.Moreover,oncogenic miR183-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR of PNPT1 and reversed the tumor suppressive role of PNPT1.Intriguingly,miR-183-5p modulated not only PNPT1 but also Bcl2 modifying factor(BMF)to inhibit the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization(MOMP)in BC cells.Conclusion:Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying intrinsic apoptosis in BC,suggesting that the miR-183-5p-PNPT1 regulatory axis regulates the apoptosis of BC cells and might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of BC.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX21_0487)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41831278,and 51579081).
文摘The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of CJRM is important for engineering construction.The Voronoi diagram and three-dimensional printing technology were used to make an irregular columnar jointed mold,and the irregular CJRM(ICJRM)specimens with different dip directions and dip angles were prepared.Uniaxial compression tests were performed,and the anisotropic strength and deformation characteristics of ICJRM were described.The failure modes and mechanisms were revealed in accordance with the final appearances of the ICJRM specimens.Based on the model test results,the empirical correlations for determining the field deformation and strength parameters of CJRM were derived using the dip angle and modified joint factor.The proposed empirical equations were used in the Baihetan Project,and the calculated mechanical parameters were compared with the field test results and those obtained from the tunneling quality index method.Results showed that the deformation parameters determined by the two proposed methods are all consistent with the field test results,and these two methods can also estimate the strength parameters effectively.
文摘With the help of the modified geometrical factor theory, the Marquardt method was used to calculate the true electrical parameters of the formation from array induction logs. The inversion results derived from the assumed model and some practical cases show that the rebuilt formation profile determined by 2-ft resolution array induction logs is reasonable when the formation thickness is greater than 1 m, which thus indicates that the inversion method is reliable and can provide quantitative information for the discrimination of oil/gas or water zone.
基金by a research grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81572212)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.2019PT015).
文摘Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.Methods:A total of 20 male college students(aged 18-24 years)participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group.Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks.Flexibility,sprinting,and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions.Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.Results:Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head(p<0.026)and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles(p<0.004).Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles(p<0.041)and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting(p<0.017).Conclusion:Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2014ZX04014-011)
文摘The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.
文摘Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a major disadvantage as compared to environmental impact, that is, wildlife habitat disruption. In as much as it has become optimal for investment in hydropower dam construction, the scourge for dam failure is still eminent, which is as a result of excessive seepage compromising the integrity of the mechanical properties of the dam. The aim of the paper is to highlight successful application methods in joint bonding to avoid excessive seepage and reduce the autogenous healing to a few years of operation. In view of optimization, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the influences of interlayer joints bonding quality from RCC mix performances and how it consolidates the RCC layers to withstand the shear strength along the interface, especially on the high dams. The case study is the RCC dam at the 750 MW Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower Station. The scope of the study reviews the joint type judged by Modified Maturity Factor (MMF) with joint surface long time exposed in regions with dry and high temperature, technical measures of layer bonding quality control under condition of long time joint surface exposure, effects of joints shear strength and impermeability of the RCC layers when under the conditions of plastic and elasticity. The subtle observations made during the dam construction phases were with respect to the optimal use of materials in relation to RCC mix designs and the basis for equipment calibration for monitoring important data that can be referenced during analysis of shear forces acting on the RCC dam over time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant(Grant Nos.11871416,12171057)by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2019MA027).
文摘Consider the inverse scattering of time-harmonic acoustic waves by a mixed-type scatterer consisting of an inhomogeneous penetrable medium with a conductive transmission condition and various impenetrable obstacles with different kinds of boundary conditions.Based on the establishment of the well-posedness result of the direct problem,we intend to develop a modified factorization method to simultaneously reconstruct both the support of the inhomogeneous conductive medium and the shape and location of various impenetrable obstacles by means of the far-field data for all incident plane waves at a fixed wave number.Numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed inversion algorithms.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3602501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12226005)+1 种基金Beijing municipal medical research institutes pilot reform project(No.2021-07)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7212006).
文摘To the Editor:To motivate health promotion by prevention of modifiable risk factors and further reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD),the American Heart Association(AHA)recently updated and modified the Life’s Simple 7(LS7)cardiovascular health(CVH)metrics to Life’s Essential 8(LE8).[1]A recent study conducted in China and other countries reported that the lower LE8 score was associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic CVD incidence and death.[2]However,whether CVH has different effects on acute coronary heart disease(CHD)and stroke,and more importantly,on the stage of CVD incidence or further progression to death remains unclear.This information is of great importance for clarifying the role of CVH in primary and secondary prevention.
文摘An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on the matrix equation in MAF(k) is made in order to impose the implicit boundary conditions properly.To be in consistent with the implicit solver for the interior domain,an implicit scheme for NSCBC is formulated.The performance of the developed algorithm is investigated using spatially evolving zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and a wall jet mixing with a cross flow over a flat plate with a square hole as the test cases.The numerical results are compared to the existing experimental datasets and a number of general correlations,together with other available numerical solutions,which demonstrate that the developed algorithm possesses promising capacity for simulating the subsonic viscous flows with large CFL number.
