This paper deals with the massive point cloud segmentation processing technology on the basis of machine vision, which is the second essential factor for the intelligent data processing of three dimensional conformati...This paper deals with the massive point cloud segmentation processing technology on the basis of machine vision, which is the second essential factor for the intelligent data processing of three dimensional conformation in digital photogrammetry. In this paper, multi-model fitting method is used to segment the point cloud according to the spatial distribution and spatial geometric structure of point clouds by fitting the point cloud into different geometric primitives models. Because point cloud usually possesses large amount of 3D points, which are uneven distributed over various complex structures, this paper proposes a point cloud segmentation method based on multi-model fitting. Firstly, the pre-segmentation of point cloud is conducted by using the clustering method based on density distribution. And then the follow fitting and segmentation are carried out by using the multi-model fitting method based on split and merging. For the plane and the arc surface, this paper uses different fitting methods, and finally realizing the indoor dense point cloud segmentation. The experimental results show that this method can achieve the automatic segmentation of the point cloud without setting the number of models in advance. Compared with the existing point cloud segmentation methods, this method has obvious advantages in segmentation effect and time cost, and can achieve higher segmentation accuracy. After processed by method proposed in this paper, the point cloud even with large-scale and complex structures can often be segmented into 3D geometric elements with finer and accurate model parameters, which can give rise to an accurate 3D conformation.展开更多
Recent traffic measurements in corporate LANs, Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video sources, ISDN control channels, and other communication systems, have indicated traffic behavior of self similar nature, which has implicati...Recent traffic measurements in corporate LANs, Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video sources, ISDN control channels, and other communication systems, have indicated traffic behavior of self similar nature, which has implications for design, control and analysis of high speed networks. Merging and splitting are two basic networking operations. This paper gave the necessary and sufficient conditions for that merging of second order self similar traffic streams also results in a second order self similar stream. It shows that splitting traffic streams of the second order self similar stream are still self similar streams by the independent splitting operation.展开更多
Chip-based atom interferometers bring together the advantages of atom chips and Bose-Einstein condensates. Their central prerequisite is that a condensate can be coherently split into two halves with a determined rela...Chip-based atom interferometers bring together the advantages of atom chips and Bose-Einstein condensates. Their central prerequisite is that a condensate can be coherently split into two halves with a determined relative phase. This paper demonstrates the dynamical splitting and merging of an atom cloud with two U-wires on an atom chip. Symmetrical and asymmetrical splittings are realized by applying a bias field with different directions and magnitudes. The trajectories of the splitting are consistent with theoretical calculations. The atom chip is a good candidate for constructing an atom interferometer.展开更多
To obtain the deep displacement of the coal seam in the working face,multi-point displacements were installed in the coal seam, but the installation of multi-point displacement is differen tunder different geological ...To obtain the deep displacement of the coal seam in the working face,multi-point displacements were installed in the coal seam, but the installation of multi-point displacement is differen tunder different geological conditions. This paper is based on the splitting and merging of 7_1 coal and 7_2 coal in Huaibei Mining(Group) Co., Ltd., and analyzes properties of the roof andcoal in the 7_2 coal of the lower coal seam of bifurcation area, and calculates the damage depth of the floor in the process of 7_1 coal mining. The multi-point displacement meter installation is often challenged by hole collapse, stuck pole and broken installation rod in 7_2 coal of the soft coal seam of bifurcation area, as a result, the base points can't be installed in the specified location. In view of this, this paper adopts a new anchor cable mounting rod which can install the whole base points to the specified location without stuck pole or broken mounting stem. All the basic displacement data can be obtained, and the law of mine pressure appearance in stope and tunnel can be accurately controlled, which can be used to maintain the stability of roadway and the safety of stope.展开更多
In order to improve the prediction accuracy and test the generalization ability of the dam deformation analysis model, the back-propagation（BP） neural network model for dam deformation analysis is studied, and the m...In order to improve the prediction accuracy and test the generalization ability of the dam deformation analysis model, the back-propagation（BP） neural network model for dam deformation analysis is studied, and the merging model is built based on the neural network BP algorithm and the traditional statistical model. The three models mentioned above are calculated and analyzed according to the long-term deformation observation data in Chencun Dam. The analytical results show that the average prediction accuracies of the statistical model and the BP neural network model are ~ 0.477 and ＋- 0.390 mm, respectively, while the prediction accuracy of the merging model is ~0. 318 mm, which is improved by 33% and 18% compared to the other two models, respectively. And the merging model has a better generalization ability and broad applicability.展开更多
To establish the empirical capacity model of an on- ramp merging section, the Erlang distribution is first selected to define the time headway distribution, and then the gap acceptance theory is applied to develop the...To establish the empirical capacity model of an on- ramp merging section, the Erlang distribution is first selected to define the time headway distribution, and then the gap acceptance theory is applied to develop the basic capacity model of the on-ramp merging section. Since not all the time headways on the shoulder lane can be made full use of by on- ramp vehicles, a modified capacity model is developed, which takes the usage probability of time headway into consideration. Then, a model of capacity discount coefficient ~： is developed. Finally, based on the modified capacity model and the model of capacity discount coefficient, an empirical merge capacity model which contains the shoulder lane volume, critical gap, and the distance from nose to merging point, is constructed. Results show that, compared with other models, the proposed model is more reasonable since it takes merging section geometry into consideration, and it is easy to apply. The merge capacity varies with the shoulder lane volume, the critical gap, the distance between the nose and the merging point, and the design velocity of the shoulder lane and ramp.展开更多
Hydropower has made a significant contribution to the economic development of Vietnam,thus it is important to monitor the safety of hydropower dams for the good of the country and the people.In this paper,dam horizont...Hydropower has made a significant contribution to the economic development of Vietnam,thus it is important to monitor the safety of hydropower dams for the good of the country and the people.In this paper,dam horizontal displacement is analyzed and then forecasted using three methods:the multi-regression model,the seasonal integrated auto-regressive moving average(SARIMA)model and the back-propagation neural network(BPNN)merging models.The monitoring data of the Hoa Binh Dam in Vietnam,including horizontal displacement,time,reservoir water level,and air temperature,are used for the experiments.The results indicate that all of these three methods can approximately describe the trend of dam deformation despite their different forecast accuracies.Hence,their short-term forecasts can provide valuable references for the dam safety.展开更多
The response of the train–bridge system has an obvious random behavior.A high traffic density and a long maintenance period of a track will result in a substantial increase in the number of trains running on a bridge...The response of the train–bridge system has an obvious random behavior.A high traffic density and a long maintenance period of a track will result in a substantial increase in the number of trains running on a bridge,and there is small likelihood that the maximum responses of the train and bridge happen in the total maintenance period of the track.Firstly,the coupling model of train–bridge systems is reviewed.Then,an ensemble method is presented,which can estimate the small probabilities of a dynamic system with stochastic excitations.The main idea of the ensemble method is to use the NARX(nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input)model to replace the physical model and apply subset simulation with splitting to obtain the extreme distribution.Finally,the efficiency of the suggested method is compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation method,and the probability exceedance of train responses under the vertical track irregularity is discussed.The results show that when the small probability of train responses under vertical track irregularity is estimated,the ensemble method can reduce both the calculation time of a single sample and the required number of samples.展开更多
Different from other domestic and foreign research in which the optimum interpolation(OI) merging algorithm is commonly used,this paper constructs the non-Gaussian model for generalized variational precipitation data ...Different from other domestic and foreign research in which the optimum interpolation(OI) merging algorithm is commonly used,this paper constructs the non-Gaussian model for generalized variational precipitation data merging research based on the non-Gaussianity of precipitation data. For CMORPH data correction,the probability density function( PDF) matching method is adopted,during which the GAMMA function fitting is utilized,and the generalized variational merging based on non-Gaussian model is used to merge corrected CMORPH precipitation data and station ground observation precipitation data. Meanwhile,we carry out an experiment on CMORPH precipitation data correction and the merging of multisource precipitation data based on non-Gaussian model. By measuring the structural similarity between the merged field and the reference field,we get a merging method that can better retain useful " outliers" which represent weather phenomena. The experimental results accord with our expectations.展开更多
The progress of modern industry has given rise to great requirements for network transmission latency and reliability in domains such as smart grid and intelligent driving.To address these challenges,the concept of Ti...The progress of modern industry has given rise to great requirements for network transmission latency and reliability in domains such as smart grid and intelligent driving.To address these challenges,the concept of Time-sensitive networking(TSN)is proposed by IEEE 802.1TSN working group.In order to achieve low latency,Cyclic queuing and forwarding(CQF)mechanism is introduced to schedule Timetriggered(TT)flows.In this paper,we construct a TSN model based on CQF and formulate the flow scheduling problem as an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the success rate of flow scheduling.The problem is tackled by a novel algorithm that makes full use of the characteristics and the relationship between the flows.Firstly,by K-means algorithm,the flows are initially partitioned into subsets based on their correlations.Subsequently,the flows within each subset are sorted by a new special criteria extracted from multiple features of flow.Finally,a flow offset selecting method based on load balance is used for resource mapping,so as to complete the process of flow scheduling.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits significant advantages in terms of scheduling success rate and time efficiency.展开更多
Pion cloud effects on △-N mass splitting are studied based on quark models. Pseudo-scalar pion-quarkcoupling is discussed in the relativistic and nonrelativistic frameworks. We separately calculate the pion cloud eff...Pion cloud effects on △-N mass splitting are studied based on quark models. Pseudo-scalar pion-quarkcoupling is discussed in the relativistic and nonrelativistic frameworks. We separately calculate the pion cloud effects bythe one-pion exchange potential and by another method which is consistent with the baryon chiral perturbation theory.Remark able discrepancy in the mass splitting between the two methods is shown.展开更多
We study the ＇t Hooft coupling gt and the mass splitting of the ground-state baryons in terms of the large Noinspired quark model, by which the Hartree wavefunctions of light quarks are obtained. By fitting the spect...We study the ＇t Hooft coupling gt and the mass splitting of the ground-state baryons in terms of the large Noinspired quark model, by which the Hartree wavefunctions of light quarks are obtained. By fitting the spectra of decuplet and octet baryons, we obtain the ＇t Hooft coupling gt to be around 1.57. We generalize the scenario to the case of heavy baryons, such as Ac, gt values which does not deviate much from 1.57, as well as to the case of mesons with 9t far from that for baryons. The consequence is discussed.展开更多
In this paper,we make use of the boosting method to introduce a new learning algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) called adapted Boosted Mixture Learning (BML). The method possesses the ability to rectify the ...In this paper,we make use of the boosting method to introduce a new learning algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) called adapted Boosted Mixture Learning (BML). The method possesses the ability to rectify the existing problems in other conventional techniques for estimating the GMM parameters, due in part to a new mixing-up strategy to increase the number of Gaussian components. The discriminative splitting idea is employed for Gaussian mixture densities followed by learning via the introduced method. Then, the GMM classifier was applied to distinguish between healthy infants and those that present a selected set of medical conditions. Each group includes both full-term and premature infants. Cry-pattern for each pathological condition is created by using the adapted BML method and 13-dimensional Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) feature vector. The test results demonstrate that the introduced method for training GMMs has a better performance than the traditional method based upon random splitting and EM-based re-estimation as a reference system in multi-pathological classification task.展开更多
The elliptic flow v2, for π±, K±, p and p in Au＋Au collisions at center-of-mass energies √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and 19.6 GeV, is analyzed using a multiphase transport model. A significant difference in the ...The elliptic flow v2, for π±, K±, p and p in Au＋Au collisions at center-of-mass energies √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and 19.6 GeV, is analyzed using a multiphase transport model. A significant difference in the v2 values for p and p is observed, and the values of v2 splitting are larger compared with π＋ and π-, K＋ and K-. The difference increases with decreasing the center-of-mass energy. The effect of the quark coalescence mechanism in a multi-phase transport model to the value of elliptic difference △v2 between p and p- has been discussed. The simulation of Au＋Au collisions at 14.5 GeV shows that the effect of hadron cascade to △v2 is not obvious, and a larger patton-scattering cross section can lead to a larger △v2.展开更多
The present study had the objectives to apply the splitting technique in feed pellet quality prediction models and validate these models through Herzberg equation.The independent factors(input data)were the particle s...The present study had the objectives to apply the splitting technique in feed pellet quality prediction models and validate these models through Herzberg equation.The independent factors(input data)were the particle size(PS:coarse and medium),heat treatment(HT:expanded-pelleted and pelleted),fat addition levels(FA:15,25,35 and 45 g/kg of feed)and moisture addition levels(MA:0,7,14 and 21 g/kg of feed)which were combined in a full factorial design(2×2×4×4),resulting in 64 different treatments with eight replicates each.The intact pellets amount and pellet durability index(PDI)were considered as the model’s output data.In the splitting technique the whole data set,composed by 512 observations,were splitted in two data set:(1)model construction set(75%of the total data)and(2)model validation set(25%of the total data set,which were selected randomly from the original data set).Both equations,the one obtained by splitting method and the one obtained by whole data set,had good coefficient of determination and similar residues square means.It was concluded that splitting technique can be successfully applied to fit a prediction equation for feed pelleting process and that Herzberg equation consists in a useful tool to validate the coefficient of determination of those models.展开更多
The operator-splitting methods for the mathematic model of one kind of oin reactions for the problem of groundwater are considered.Optimal error estimates in L 2 and H 1 norm are obtained for the approximation solut...The operator-splitting methods for the mathematic model of one kind of oin reactions for the problem of groundwater are considered.Optimal error estimates in L 2 and H 1 norm are obtained for the approximation solution.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61261130587,61571332).
文摘This paper deals with the massive point cloud segmentation processing technology on the basis of machine vision, which is the second essential factor for the intelligent data processing of three dimensional conformation in digital photogrammetry. In this paper, multi-model fitting method is used to segment the point cloud according to the spatial distribution and spatial geometric structure of point clouds by fitting the point cloud into different geometric primitives models. Because point cloud usually possesses large amount of 3D points, which are uneven distributed over various complex structures, this paper proposes a point cloud segmentation method based on multi-model fitting. Firstly, the pre-segmentation of point cloud is conducted by using the clustering method based on density distribution. And then the follow fitting and segmentation are carried out by using the multi-model fitting method based on split and merging. For the plane and the arc surface, this paper uses different fitting methods, and finally realizing the indoor dense point cloud segmentation. The experimental results show that this method can achieve the automatic segmentation of the point cloud without setting the number of models in advance. Compared with the existing point cloud segmentation methods, this method has obvious advantages in segmentation effect and time cost, and can achieve higher segmentation accuracy. After processed by method proposed in this paper, the point cloud even with large-scale and complex structures can often be segmented into 3D geometric elements with finer and accurate model parameters, which can give rise to an accurate 3D conformation.
文摘Recent traffic measurements in corporate LANs, Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video sources, ISDN control channels, and other communication systems, have indicated traffic behavior of self similar nature, which has implications for design, control and analysis of high speed networks. Merging and splitting are two basic networking operations. This paper gave the necessary and sufficient conditions for that merging of second order self similar traffic streams also results in a second order self similar stream. It shows that splitting traffic streams of the second order self similar stream are still self similar streams by the independent splitting operation.
基金Project supported by the State Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB921202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10334050)
文摘Chip-based atom interferometers bring together the advantages of atom chips and Bose-Einstein condensates. Their central prerequisite is that a condensate can be coherently split into two halves with a determined relative phase. This paper demonstrates the dynamical splitting and merging of an atom cloud with two U-wires on an atom chip. Symmetrical and asymmetrical splittings are realized by applying a bias field with different directions and magnitudes. The trajectories of the splitting are consistent with theoretical calculations. The atom chip is a good candidate for constructing an atom interferometer.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Fund of China(51474005)
文摘To obtain the deep displacement of the coal seam in the working face,multi-point displacements were installed in the coal seam, but the installation of multi-point displacement is differen tunder different geological conditions. This paper is based on the splitting and merging of 7_1 coal and 7_2 coal in Huaibei Mining(Group) Co., Ltd., and analyzes properties of the roof andcoal in the 7_2 coal of the lower coal seam of bifurcation area, and calculates the damage depth of the floor in the process of 7_1 coal mining. The multi-point displacement meter installation is often challenged by hole collapse, stuck pole and broken installation rod in 7_2 coal of the soft coal seam of bifurcation area, as a result, the base points can't be installed in the specified location. In view of this, this paper adopts a new anchor cable mounting rod which can install the whole base points to the specified location without stuck pole or broken mounting stem. All the basic displacement data can be obtained, and the law of mine pressure appearance in stope and tunnel can be accurately controlled, which can be used to maintain the stability of roadway and the safety of stope.
基金The Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXLX11_0143)
文摘In order to improve the prediction accuracy and test the generalization ability of the dam deformation analysis model, the back-propagation（BP） neural network model for dam deformation analysis is studied, and the merging model is built based on the neural network BP algorithm and the traditional statistical model. The three models mentioned above are calculated and analyzed according to the long-term deformation observation data in Chencun Dam. The analytical results show that the average prediction accuracies of the statistical model and the BP neural network model are ~ 0.477 and ＋- 0.390 mm, respectively, while the prediction accuracy of the merging model is ~0. 318 mm, which is improved by 33% and 18% compared to the other two models, respectively. And the merging model has a better generalization ability and broad applicability.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51278520 51278220)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(No.20130206093SF)
文摘To establish the empirical capacity model of an on- ramp merging section, the Erlang distribution is first selected to define the time headway distribution, and then the gap acceptance theory is applied to develop the basic capacity model of the on-ramp merging section. Since not all the time headways on the shoulder lane can be made full use of by on- ramp vehicles, a modified capacity model is developed, which takes the usage probability of time headway into consideration. Then, a model of capacity discount coefficient ~： is developed. Finally, based on the modified capacity model and the model of capacity discount coefficient, an empirical merge capacity model which contains the shoulder lane volume, critical gap, and the distance from nose to merging point, is constructed. Results show that, compared with other models, the proposed model is more reasonable since it takes merging section geometry into consideration, and it is easy to apply. The merge capacity varies with the shoulder lane volume, the critical gap, the distance between the nose and the merging point, and the design velocity of the shoulder lane and ramp.
基金This research was funded by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)and partially supported by the Project 911(Vietnam).The data analysis was carried out as a part of the second author’s PhD studies at the School of Geodesy and Geomatics,Wuhan University,People’s Republic of China[grant number 2011GXZN02].
文摘Hydropower has made a significant contribution to the economic development of Vietnam,thus it is important to monitor the safety of hydropower dams for the good of the country and the people.In this paper,dam horizontal displacement is analyzed and then forecasted using three methods:the multi-regression model,the seasonal integrated auto-regressive moving average(SARIMA)model and the back-propagation neural network(BPNN)merging models.The monitoring data of the Hoa Binh Dam in Vietnam,including horizontal displacement,time,reservoir water level,and air temperature,are used for the experiments.The results indicate that all of these three methods can approximately describe the trend of dam deformation despite their different forecast accuracies.Hence,their short-term forecasts can provide valuable references for the dam safety.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978589,51778544,and 51525804).
文摘The response of the train–bridge system has an obvious random behavior.A high traffic density and a long maintenance period of a track will result in a substantial increase in the number of trains running on a bridge,and there is small likelihood that the maximum responses of the train and bridge happen in the total maintenance period of the track.Firstly,the coupling model of train–bridge systems is reviewed.Then,an ensemble method is presented,which can estimate the small probabilities of a dynamic system with stochastic excitations.The main idea of the ensemble method is to use the NARX(nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input)model to replace the physical model and apply subset simulation with splitting to obtain the extreme distribution.Finally,the efficiency of the suggested method is compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation method,and the probability exceedance of train responses under the vertical track irregularity is discussed.The results show that when the small probability of train responses under vertical track irregularity is estimated,the ensemble method can reduce both the calculation time of a single sample and the required number of samples.
基金Supported by the Science Technology Foundation of State Grid Corporation of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1708085QD89)+1 种基金Huaihe River Basin Meteorological Open Research Fund(HRM201407)Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment of China Meteorological Administration Open Fund Project(2016SYIAE14)
文摘Different from other domestic and foreign research in which the optimum interpolation(OI) merging algorithm is commonly used,this paper constructs the non-Gaussian model for generalized variational precipitation data merging research based on the non-Gaussianity of precipitation data. For CMORPH data correction,the probability density function( PDF) matching method is adopted,during which the GAMMA function fitting is utilized,and the generalized variational merging based on non-Gaussian model is used to merge corrected CMORPH precipitation data and station ground observation precipitation data. Meanwhile,we carry out an experiment on CMORPH precipitation data correction and the merging of multisource precipitation data based on non-Gaussian model. By measuring the structural similarity between the merged field and the reference field,we get a merging method that can better retain useful " outliers" which represent weather phenomena. The experimental results accord with our expectations.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation Headquarters under Grant 5108-202218280A-2-170-XG(Development and Application of Power Time-Sensitive Network Switching Chip。
文摘The progress of modern industry has given rise to great requirements for network transmission latency and reliability in domains such as smart grid and intelligent driving.To address these challenges,the concept of Time-sensitive networking(TSN)is proposed by IEEE 802.1TSN working group.In order to achieve low latency,Cyclic queuing and forwarding(CQF)mechanism is introduced to schedule Timetriggered(TT)flows.In this paper,we construct a TSN model based on CQF and formulate the flow scheduling problem as an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the success rate of flow scheduling.The problem is tackled by a novel algorithm that makes full use of the characteristics and the relationship between the flows.Firstly,by K-means algorithm,the flows are initially partitioned into subsets based on their correlations.Subsequently,the flows within each subset are sorted by a new special criteria extracted from multiple features of flow.Finally,a flow offset selecting method based on load balance is used for resource mapping,so as to complete the process of flow scheduling.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits significant advantages in terms of scheduling success rate and time efficiency.
文摘Pion cloud effects on △-N mass splitting are studied based on quark models. Pseudo-scalar pion-quarkcoupling is discussed in the relativistic and nonrelativistic frameworks. We separately calculate the pion cloud effects bythe one-pion exchange potential and by another method which is consistent with the baryon chiral perturbation theory.Remark able discrepancy in the mass splitting between the two methods is shown.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11265014
文摘We study the ＇t Hooft coupling gt and the mass splitting of the ground-state baryons in terms of the large Noinspired quark model, by which the Hartree wavefunctions of light quarks are obtained. By fitting the spectra of decuplet and octet baryons, we obtain the ＇t Hooft coupling gt to be around 1.57. We generalize the scenario to the case of heavy baryons, such as Ac, gt values which does not deviate much from 1.57, as well as to the case of mesons with 9t far from that for baryons. The consequence is discussed.
文摘In this paper,we make use of the boosting method to introduce a new learning algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) called adapted Boosted Mixture Learning (BML). The method possesses the ability to rectify the existing problems in other conventional techniques for estimating the GMM parameters, due in part to a new mixing-up strategy to increase the number of Gaussian components. The discriminative splitting idea is employed for Gaussian mixture densities followed by learning via the introduced method. Then, the GMM classifier was applied to distinguish between healthy infants and those that present a selected set of medical conditions. Each group includes both full-term and premature infants. Cry-pattern for each pathological condition is created by using the adapted BML method and 13-dimensional Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) feature vector. The test results demonstrate that the introduced method for training GMMs has a better performance than the traditional method based upon random splitting and EM-based re-estimation as a reference system in multi-pathological classification task.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No U1332125the Program for Innovation Research of Science in Harbin Institute of Technology under Grant No B201408
文摘The elliptic flow v2, for π±, K±, p and p in Au＋Au collisions at center-of-mass energies √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and 19.6 GeV, is analyzed using a multiphase transport model. A significant difference in the v2 values for p and p is observed, and the values of v2 splitting are larger compared with π＋ and π-, K＋ and K-. The difference increases with decreasing the center-of-mass energy. The effect of the quark coalescence mechanism in a multi-phase transport model to the value of elliptic difference △v2 between p and p- has been discussed. The simulation of Au＋Au collisions at 14.5 GeV shows that the effect of hadron cascade to △v2 is not obvious, and a larger patton-scattering cross section can lead to a larger △v2.
文摘The present study had the objectives to apply the splitting technique in feed pellet quality prediction models and validate these models through Herzberg equation.The independent factors(input data)were the particle size(PS:coarse and medium),heat treatment(HT:expanded-pelleted and pelleted),fat addition levels(FA:15,25,35 and 45 g/kg of feed)and moisture addition levels(MA:0,7,14 and 21 g/kg of feed)which were combined in a full factorial design(2×2×4×4),resulting in 64 different treatments with eight replicates each.The intact pellets amount and pellet durability index(PDI)were considered as the model’s output data.In the splitting technique the whole data set,composed by 512 observations,were splitted in two data set:(1)model construction set(75%of the total data)and(2)model validation set(25%of the total data set,which were selected randomly from the original data set).Both equations,the one obtained by splitting method and the one obtained by whole data set,had good coefficient of determination and similar residues square means.It was concluded that splitting technique can be successfully applied to fit a prediction equation for feed pelleting process and that Herzberg equation consists in a useful tool to validate the coefficient of determination of those models.
基金the National Sciences Foundation of China and the Doctorial Program of Higher Edua-tion
文摘The operator-splitting methods for the mathematic model of one kind of oin reactions for the problem of groundwater are considered.Optimal error estimates in L 2 and H 1 norm are obtained for the approximation solution.
