Microbial communities in marine habitats are regarded as underexplored reservoirs for discovering new natural products with potential application.However,only a few microbes in nature can be cultivated in the laborato...Microbial communities in marine habitats are regarded as underexplored reservoirs for discovering new natural products with potential application.However,only a few microbes in nature can be cultivated in the laboratory.This has led to the development of a variety of isolation and cultivation methods,and in situ cultivation is one of the most popular.Diverse in situ cultivation methods,with the same basic principle,have been applied to a variety of environmental samples.Compared with conventional approaches,these new methods are able to cultivate previously uncultured and phylogenetically novel microbes,many with biotechnological potential.This review introduces the various in situ cultivation methods for the isolation of previously uncultured microbial species and their potential for marine microbial resource mining.Furthermore,studies that investigated the key and previously unidentified mechanisms of growing uncultivated microorganisms by in situ cultivation,which will shed light on the understanding of microbial uncultivability,were also reviewed.展开更多
Background Enzymatic stoichiometry reflects microbial relative resource limitations by linking microbial nutritional demands with soil nutrient availability,yet how plant invasion-induced changes in vegetation,soil pr...Background Enzymatic stoichiometry reflects microbial relative resource limitations by linking microbial nutritional demands with soil nutrient availability,yet how plant invasion-induced changes in vegetation,soil properties,and microbial communities modulate these limitations and metabolic efficiency remains undetermined.Here,we employed enzymatic stoichiometry and vector modeling to assess microbial relative resource limitations in invasive Spartina alterniflora salt marsh in comparison to those in bare flat and in native Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis salt marshes,and systematically linked these limitations to microbial carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)use efficiencies(CUE and NUE,respectively)across coastal wetland ecosystems of eastern China.Results Our analyses showed predominant phosphorus(P)limitation of soil microbial metabolism in bare flat and native S.salsa and P.australis salt marshes,contrasting with dual C-P co-limitation observed in invasive S.alterniflora salt marsh.S.alterniflora invasion intensified microbial P limitation compared with bare flat,while simultaneously inducing the most pronounced C limitation among all plant communities.The microbial C limitation induced by S.alterniflora invasion drove reductions in microbial CUE,whereas microbial NUE increased,establishing an antagonistic relationship between these metabolic efficiencies.Microbial resource constraints and nutrient use efficiencies(CUE/NUE)in soils were coordinately controlled by plant traits,soil properties,and microbial attributes.Partial least squares path modeling analysis identified soil organic C(SOC)chemical fractions(e.g.,aromatic C,alkyl C,dissolved organic C)as predominant positive drivers of microbial C limitation and NUE,while simultaneously suppressing microbial CUE.Simultaneously,plant traits were identified as the foremost contributor to microbial P limitation,followed by microbial attributes as the second-most influential positive factor.Conclusions This study revealed that S.alterniflora invasion fundamentally shifted microbial nutrient limitation from predominant P limitation in bare flat and native salt marshes to dual C-P co-limitation,while simultaneously inducing the strongest microbial C limitation among all communities.This invasion-induced microbial C limitation drove a reduction in microbial CUE but an enhancement of NUE.SOC accumulation increased with decreasing microbial CUE following S.alterniflora invasion,a tradeoff potentially linked to divergent nutrient limitations across ecosystems.This study provided empirical evidence for microbially-mediated soil C sequestration mechanisms underlying plant invasion-induced ecosystem transformations.展开更多
Cropland expansion has caused the loss of soil organic carbon(SOC)and the degradation of microbial communities.Fallowing is an important strategy for soil restoration,and fungi are critical in soil fertilization.This ...Cropland expansion has caused the loss of soil organic carbon(SOC)and the degradation of microbial communities.Fallowing is an important strategy for soil restoration,and fungi are critical in soil fertilization.This study compared the soil properties and fungal assemblage in two adjacent environments(farmland vs.fallowing)using a 30-year field experiment composed of five treatments:fallowing and agricultural management under no fertilization,chemical fertilization,and chemical fertilization plus cow manure or crop straw.The fallowed soil had more diverse fungi and maintained higher SOC than the artificially managed treatments.Importantly,the relative abundance of Chaetomiaceae was positively correlated with all the carbon components(SOC,dissolved organic carbon,and microbial biomass carbon)simultaneously.An RNA-Seq of Trichocladium uniseriatum,the key fungus affiliated with Chaetomiaceae,showed that straw addition significantly upregulated the genes for T.uniseriatum melanogenesis,resulting in recalcitrant necromass formation.A remarkable carbon dioxide(CO_(2))assimilation capacity of T.uniseriatum was revealed using^(13)C-labelling assay.Therefore,T.uniseriatum improved SOC storage directly by CO_(2)fixation and indirectly by melanogenesis.Fertilization of agricultural systems can stimulate the growth of T.uniseriatum.Inoculation of T.uniseriatum promoted crop growth,facilitating carbon absorption from the roots.This study highlights that the valuable microbial species resources preserved in fallowed soils can improve farmland ecosystems.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776168,31600016)the National 111 Project of China(D16013)Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Development Fund.
文摘Microbial communities in marine habitats are regarded as underexplored reservoirs for discovering new natural products with potential application.However,only a few microbes in nature can be cultivated in the laboratory.This has led to the development of a variety of isolation and cultivation methods,and in situ cultivation is one of the most popular.Diverse in situ cultivation methods,with the same basic principle,have been applied to a variety of environmental samples.Compared with conventional approaches,these new methods are able to cultivate previously uncultured and phylogenetically novel microbes,many with biotechnological potential.This review introduces the various in situ cultivation methods for the isolation of previously uncultured microbial species and their potential for marine microbial resource mining.Furthermore,studies that investigated the key and previously unidentified mechanisms of growing uncultivated microorganisms by in situ cultivation,which will shed light on the understanding of microbial uncultivability,were also reviewed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32071632,31600427)the National Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant Nos.2022JM-114,2019JQ-666)
文摘Background Enzymatic stoichiometry reflects microbial relative resource limitations by linking microbial nutritional demands with soil nutrient availability,yet how plant invasion-induced changes in vegetation,soil properties,and microbial communities modulate these limitations and metabolic efficiency remains undetermined.Here,we employed enzymatic stoichiometry and vector modeling to assess microbial relative resource limitations in invasive Spartina alterniflora salt marsh in comparison to those in bare flat and in native Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis salt marshes,and systematically linked these limitations to microbial carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)use efficiencies(CUE and NUE,respectively)across coastal wetland ecosystems of eastern China.Results Our analyses showed predominant phosphorus(P)limitation of soil microbial metabolism in bare flat and native S.salsa and P.australis salt marshes,contrasting with dual C-P co-limitation observed in invasive S.alterniflora salt marsh.S.alterniflora invasion intensified microbial P limitation compared with bare flat,while simultaneously inducing the most pronounced C limitation among all plant communities.The microbial C limitation induced by S.alterniflora invasion drove reductions in microbial CUE,whereas microbial NUE increased,establishing an antagonistic relationship between these metabolic efficiencies.Microbial resource constraints and nutrient use efficiencies(CUE/NUE)in soils were coordinately controlled by plant traits,soil properties,and microbial attributes.Partial least squares path modeling analysis identified soil organic C(SOC)chemical fractions(e.g.,aromatic C,alkyl C,dissolved organic C)as predominant positive drivers of microbial C limitation and NUE,while simultaneously suppressing microbial CUE.Simultaneously,plant traits were identified as the foremost contributor to microbial P limitation,followed by microbial attributes as the second-most influential positive factor.Conclusions This study revealed that S.alterniflora invasion fundamentally shifted microbial nutrient limitation from predominant P limitation in bare flat and native salt marshes to dual C-P co-limitation,while simultaneously inducing the strongest microbial C limitation among all communities.This invasion-induced microbial C limitation drove a reduction in microbial CUE but an enhancement of NUE.SOC accumulation increased with decreasing microbial CUE following S.alterniflora invasion,a tradeoff potentially linked to divergent nutrient limitations across ecosystems.This study provided empirical evidence for microbially-mediated soil C sequestration mechanisms underlying plant invasion-induced ecosystem transformations.
基金supported by the Excellent Youth Science Fund of Henan Province,China(No.242300421147)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1500203)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42377334 and 42007005)the Joint Fund Project of Henan Province,China(No.232103810009)。
文摘Cropland expansion has caused the loss of soil organic carbon(SOC)and the degradation of microbial communities.Fallowing is an important strategy for soil restoration,and fungi are critical in soil fertilization.This study compared the soil properties and fungal assemblage in two adjacent environments(farmland vs.fallowing)using a 30-year field experiment composed of five treatments:fallowing and agricultural management under no fertilization,chemical fertilization,and chemical fertilization plus cow manure or crop straw.The fallowed soil had more diverse fungi and maintained higher SOC than the artificially managed treatments.Importantly,the relative abundance of Chaetomiaceae was positively correlated with all the carbon components(SOC,dissolved organic carbon,and microbial biomass carbon)simultaneously.An RNA-Seq of Trichocladium uniseriatum,the key fungus affiliated with Chaetomiaceae,showed that straw addition significantly upregulated the genes for T.uniseriatum melanogenesis,resulting in recalcitrant necromass formation.A remarkable carbon dioxide(CO_(2))assimilation capacity of T.uniseriatum was revealed using^(13)C-labelling assay.Therefore,T.uniseriatum improved SOC storage directly by CO_(2)fixation and indirectly by melanogenesis.Fertilization of agricultural systems can stimulate the growth of T.uniseriatum.Inoculation of T.uniseriatum promoted crop growth,facilitating carbon absorption from the roots.This study highlights that the valuable microbial species resources preserved in fallowed soils can improve farmland ecosystems.
