The floc morphology was investigated in a continuous-flow reactor, in order to understand the evolution of flocs in practical flocculation and sedimentation processes in water utilities. Kaolin-humic acid suspension w...The floc morphology was investigated in a continuous-flow reactor, in order to understand the evolution of flocs in practical flocculation and sedimentation processes in water utilities. Kaolin-humic acid suspension was used as the test water, and polyaluminum chloride was chosen as the coagulant. An in-situ recognition system was applied to analyze the floc size, boundary fractal dimension, and eccentricity ratios. Particle numbers and turbidity were also determined in the sedimentation stage. At a coagulant dose of 1 mg/L as Al, the average floc size increased from 62 to 78 μm and the boundary fractal dimension was around 1.14, suggesting that flocs were compact and continuously grew during the entire flocculation process. However, with the dose increased to 5 mg/L, the average floc size decreased and stabilized at around 65 μm, with the fractal dimension of 1.20. It can be concluded that the excess coagulant doses resulted in the formation of chain-shaped, lower density, and more branched structure flocs, thereby restricting flocs’ further growth in the subsequent flocculation. Floc morphology analysis suggested that charge neutralization dominated in the initial flocculation stage, then the bridge and sweep mechanisms were dominant in the subsequent flocculation. In addition, compared with the traditional inclined plate settler, a novel V-shaped plate settler introduced in this study had an advantage in small size floc（less than 5 μm） removal. The V-shaped region could promote aggregate restructuring and re-flocculation; therefore, the V-shaped plate settler provides an alternative method for sedimentation.展开更多
Polyaluminum chloride was synthesized with a membrane reactor,in which NaOH was added into AlCl 3 solution through the membrane’s micropores to reduce the NaOH droplets size.The content of the most efficient species ...Polyaluminum chloride was synthesized with a membrane reactor,in which NaOH was added into AlCl 3 solution through the membrane’s micropores to reduce the NaOH droplets size.The content of the most efficient species increased to about 80%.The process characteristics in the reaction （i.e.,flow velocity,pressure drop）,and membrane fouling and cleaning were investigated.The evolution of both flow velocity and pressure drop during the reaction were related to changes in species distribution and solution viscosity.The process characteristics were well interpreted in terms of the Bernoulli equation.After reaction,the membranes were recovered by cleaning with diluted hydrochloride acid.This study is crucial for process design and scale-up of membrane reactors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of Twelfth Five Years(Nos.2014ZX07201-012-2,2013ZX07201007-002)the National Innovation Team supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.50821002)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(No.2012DX07)
文摘The floc morphology was investigated in a continuous-flow reactor, in order to understand the evolution of flocs in practical flocculation and sedimentation processes in water utilities. Kaolin-humic acid suspension was used as the test water, and polyaluminum chloride was chosen as the coagulant. An in-situ recognition system was applied to analyze the floc size, boundary fractal dimension, and eccentricity ratios. Particle numbers and turbidity were also determined in the sedimentation stage. At a coagulant dose of 1 mg/L as Al, the average floc size increased from 62 to 78 μm and the boundary fractal dimension was around 1.14, suggesting that flocs were compact and continuously grew during the entire flocculation process. However, with the dose increased to 5 mg/L, the average floc size decreased and stabilized at around 65 μm, with the fractal dimension of 1.20. It can be concluded that the excess coagulant doses resulted in the formation of chain-shaped, lower density, and more branched structure flocs, thereby restricting flocs’ further growth in the subsequent flocculation. Floc morphology analysis suggested that charge neutralization dominated in the initial flocculation stage, then the bridge and sweep mechanisms were dominant in the subsequent flocculation. In addition, compared with the traditional inclined plate settler, a novel V-shaped plate settler introduced in this study had an advantage in small size floc（less than 5 μm） removal. The V-shaped region could promote aggregate restructuring and re-flocculation; therefore, the V-shaped plate settler provides an alternative method for sedimentation.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ences Foundation of China(No.50072042,20676016,21076024)
文摘Polyaluminum chloride was synthesized with a membrane reactor,in which NaOH was added into AlCl 3 solution through the membrane’s micropores to reduce the NaOH droplets size.The content of the most efficient species increased to about 80%.The process characteristics in the reaction （i.e.,flow velocity,pressure drop）,and membrane fouling and cleaning were investigated.The evolution of both flow velocity and pressure drop during the reaction were related to changes in species distribution and solution viscosity.The process characteristics were well interpreted in terms of the Bernoulli equation.After reaction,the membranes were recovered by cleaning with diluted hydrochloride acid.This study is crucial for process design and scale-up of membrane reactors.
文摘基于磁场效应能够改善絮凝剂性质,提高絮凝效果,设计了一种磁絮凝反应器.以亥姆霍兹线圈为思路提出了5对圆形线圈组构的技术方案,实现由1 nT到100 mT磁感应强度的连续可调,同时利用MATLAB模拟了亥姆霍斯线圈内部的磁场分布,采用改进的k-ε双方程模型对反应器内流场进行了数值模拟.结果表明,亥姆霍斯线圈内部磁场可近似看作匀强磁场;在反应器反应区存在涡流,从而有利于矾花的形成;在磁场作用下,能改变固体颗粒的运动,增加固体颗粒间碰撞几率,进而提高反应器絮凝效果.最后进行了反应器效果验证,在20 m in内对污水中SS、CODCr和TP去除率分别达96.7%,45.3%和96.0%,比一般絮凝工艺具有明显优势.
