BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on ...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.展开更多
Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of chil...Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 0 - 24 months on exclusive breastfeeding in the Central African Republic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2024 among mothers of infants aged 0 to 24 months. Sociodemographic, obstetric and breastfeeding-related data were collected through individual interviews conducted during sensitizations on good feeding practices organized by the Tina Touadera Foundation. The chi2 test was used to test for relationships between variables, and the p significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age of the mothers surveyed was 27.67 years. 65.69% (n = 247) of mothers lived in urban areas and 55.85% (n = 210) were Muslim. 56.38% (n = 212) were living common-law and 34.04% (n = 128) were poor. Secondary-school mothers (44.42%, n = 167) and housewives (53.72%, n = 202) were in the majority. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was correctly defined by 79.26% (n = 298) of mothers and actually practised in 24.20% (n = 91) of cases. The main source of information was a health professional in 75.36% (n = 304) of cases. Among the 285 mothers who practised mixed breastfeeding, lack of time (33.33%) was the main reason. They acknowledged having given water (100%), corn porridge (75.09%) and/or artificial milk (24.91%) before the first 6 months of life. The average time for introducing water was 2.2 months, and for porridge/formula 2.79 months. More than half the mothers (55.05%) said they did not know their infants’ weaning age. Factors positively influencing the use of EBF were age under 29, residence in an urban area, primiparity, having been informed about AME by a health professional, and being a housewife or shopkeeper (p Conclusion: Mothers’ level of knowledge was heterogeneous but insufficient overall. An effective system of information and education from pregnancy to the first six months of life is needed to promote breastfeeding.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its ...Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.展开更多
Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans for several decades. Apart from this production performance, the quality of the beans, which are mainly exported to the major chocolate-making ...Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans for several decades. Apart from this production performance, the quality of the beans, which are mainly exported to the major chocolate-making countries, presents a quality problem to the point of suffering a discount on the international market. One of these quality problems is the content of ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin produced by fungi. Finally, to verify the level of contamination in beans produced in Côte d’Ivoire, a study was carried out. It consisted of collecting information on fermentation and drying times (The two major post-harvest operations) and collecting beans, which were analyzed by electrophoresis using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results obtained show ochratoxin A contents of between 0.05 µg/kg and 0.17 µg/kg. The general level of contamination is therefore very low and below the tolerable limit which is 2 µg/kg. In addition, the correlative study between the fermentation and drying times of the beans revealed no significant influence (p < 0.01) of the duration of these operations on the level of ochratoxin A contamination. Major contamination can occur after post-harvest activities carried out by producers. This is certainly due to the development of fungi responsible for the production of ochratoxin A during the period of storage and marketing of cocoa beans in conditions of high humidity in storage enclosures. Producers need to be made more aware of the need to ensure that cocoa beans are properly dried and stored in dry areas to avoid moisture build-up, which is a source of mould growth and ochratoxin A production.展开更多
With the rapid development of software engineering,traditional teaching methods are confronted with the challenges of short knowledge update cycles and the rapid emergence of new technologies.By analyzing the current ...With the rapid development of software engineering,traditional teaching methods are confronted with the challenges of short knowledge update cycles and the rapid emergence of new technologies.By analyzing the current situation of the mismatch between educational practices and industrial change,this study proposes an innovative teaching model—“Micro-practices”.This model integrates new knowledge and new technologies into the teaching process quickly and flexibly through practical teaching projects with“short class time,small capacity,and cloud environment”to meet the different educational needs of students,teachers,and enterprises.The aim is to train innovative software engineering talents who can meet the challenges of the future.展开更多
Background:Invasive meningococcal disease is a potentially life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.Vaccination is highly effective in preventing meningitis and reducing its associated complications...Background:Invasive meningococcal disease is a potentially life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.Vaccination is highly effective in preventing meningitis and reducing its associated complications.This study aims to assess the United Arab Emirates(UAE)parents meningitis knowledge and explore vaccination attitudes and practices.Methodology:An observational cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024 across the UAE using convenience sampling through social media,electronic mail,and word of mouth.A 58-item questionnaire collected information regarding demographics,meningitis knowledge,attitudes and practices,and meningococcal vaccination knowledge and practices.Results:Of 443 parents included,more than a third had no knowledge about meningitis.Symptoms and severity were well-recognized overall,but clear gaps were evident regarding complications and meningococcal vaccines.Only 10.38%(46/443)identified themselves as knowledgeable/very knowledgeable regarding meningococcal vaccines.A healthcare provider recommendation was the strongest factor encouraging parents to vaccinate their child.Most vaccine hesitancy was seen regarding side effects.Views and practices regarding the two vaccines aligned closely,with more than four-fifths of participants needing more information and the major reasons for not vaccinating a child being a lack of information or lack of recommendation.Social media and governmental websites were the most common sources for learning more about meningitis,with doctors ranking third.In fact,trust in doctors varied with less than half having moderate or strong trust in their main paediatrician.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination status[adjusted odds ratio(AOR):0.365,95%confidence interval(CI):0.172 to 0.774,P=0.013]and female gender(AOR:2.741,95%CI:1.184 to 6.347,P=0.019)were significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy.Conclusion:Meningococcal vaccine hesitancy is a significant concern,primarily driven by fears of side effects and lack of knowledge and physician recommendation.However,vaccine attitudes were overall positive and highly dependent on physician involvement.There is a need for targeted educational initiatives enhancing meningitis disease awareness and vaccine uptake.展开更多
Objective: The importance of culture in nursing lies in its influence on patients’ health perceptions, behaviors, and responses to care. Despite the challenges posed by the complexity of studying culture, there remai...Objective: The importance of culture in nursing lies in its influence on patients’ health perceptions, behaviors, and responses to care. Despite the challenges posed by the complexity of studying culture, there remains a critical need to develop cultural competence in nursing. This study investigated how nursing students in rural Indonesia enhance their cultural competence through education and practice. Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach. It conducted face-to-face interviews with 32 students across 6 regions, selected purposively. Thematic analysis was employed to evaluate the results. Results: Five themes emerge in this research: perceptions of cultural competence, learning cultural competence in the classroom, practical experience, learning expectations related to cultural competence, and cultural learning barriers. Conclusions: Enhancing cultural competence necessitates enriched curricula, adept clinical mentors, and continual student evaluation. This iterative assessment informs tailored strategies for nurturing cultural proficiency.展开更多
In the context of energy structure transformation,digital and intelligent technologies have been introduced into the field of hydropower,which has accelerated the technological and equipment innovation of hydropower p...In the context of energy structure transformation,digital and intelligent technologies have been introduced into the field of hydropower,which has accelerated the technological and equipment innovation of hydropower plants.However,it has also brought severe challenges to the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants.Traditional hydropower plant operation and maintenance suffer from problems such as low efficiency,equipment aging,and high labor costs,which seriously hinder the innovation and upgrading of hydropower plant operation and maintenance.Therefore,this article focuses on the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants,summarizes a series of innovative strategies,and applies them in practice to effectively improve the operation and maintenance level of hydropower plants.展开更多
1 The Inuit's remarkable ability to thrive(蓬勃发展)in one of Earth's toughest environments hasn't happened by chance.Their complex system of traditions,passed down through countless generations,represents...1 The Inuit's remarkable ability to thrive(蓬勃发展)in one of Earth's toughest environments hasn't happened by chance.Their complex system of traditions,passed down through countless generations,represents far more than mere survival strategies-it's a highly developed blueprint for living in harmony with the Arctic's unforgiving landscape.展开更多
Objective:This article employs a scoping review methodology,integrates knowledge and information about current pediatric nurses'practices and perceptions regarding family-centered care in pediatric settings.Method...Objective:This article employs a scoping review methodology,integrates knowledge and information about current pediatric nurses'practices and perceptions regarding family-centered care in pediatric settings.Methods:Published articles were retrieved from databases including EBSCO host,PubMed,Springer,Science Direct,Ovid,and CINAHL between 2013 and 2023.Results:The finding shows a better understanding of pediatric nurses'perceptions of family-centered care in association with their clinical settings.However,the evidence indicates that integrating family-centered care components into health care services is difficult and confusing to nurses and is often not implemented in a clinical setting.As evidenced by this review,studies have consistently reported similar results;family-centered care was a good perception and understood by pediatric nurses as a concept but inconsistently used in a daily practice setting.Conclusions:This scoping review is the first phase in promoting a strategic plan to provide educational interventions for pediatric nurses to implement family-centered care in their daily practice settings.It's necessary to recognize pediatric nurses'perceptions and practices concerning family-centered care to provide optimal healthcare services in pediatric settings.展开更多
This paper considers the notions of common sense and interobjectivity to articulate an understanding of how different cultural realities give rise to different construals of scientific phenomena across distinct cultur...This paper considers the notions of common sense and interobjectivity to articulate an understanding of how different cultural realities give rise to different construals of scientific phenomena across distinct cultures. Our main focus in this paper is on the social sciences. We propose a quadrant of different cultural–scientific stances from which the study of social phenomena is possible, based on the emic–etic dimension pertaining to the study of culture from contrasting perspectives. Although the emic–etic distinction is normal y applied in fields within the science of culture, it is proposed here that the distinction is in some ways germane to scientific practice in general, making it amenable for use in a culture of science(CoS) programme. The four perspectives that emerge from the quadrant are illustrated using exemplars. Different aspects of CoS—that is, scientific practice, scientific conventions and representations of science—are then discussed in further detail, including in two tables illustrating points of convergence and divergence between the East and West when it comes to different aspects of CoS.展开更多
Infertility has been regarded as a global public health concern,affecting both men and women irrespective of geographical region,race,ethnicity,and socioeconomic class[1].The available global estimates suggest that al...Infertility has been regarded as a global public health concern,affecting both men and women irrespective of geographical region,race,ethnicity,and socioeconomic class[1].The available global estimates suggest that almost 17%of people of reproductive age experience infertility during their lives[1],with 55 million men and 110 million women living with infertility worldwide and varying estimates across different global regions[2].The consequences of infertility go beyond just medical suffering,and result in huge social and psychological consequences,including marital strains,stigma,and mental health problems[1].The current paper explores infertility in cultural context,enlists herbal remedies and traditional healers for infertility,and proposes targeted public health interventions to minimize the utilization of herbal treatment in dealing with cases of infertility.展开更多
Objective:To assess the socioeconomic characteristics influencing knowledge,attitudes,and practices in preventing toxocariasis among the adult Khmer population in Tra Vinh Province,Vietnam.Methods:This cross-sectional...Objective:To assess the socioeconomic characteristics influencing knowledge,attitudes,and practices in preventing toxocariasis among the adult Khmer population in Tra Vinh Province,Vietnam.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted across 30 communities in eight districts and cities of Tra Vinh Province using a 30-cluster random sampling method during 2023.Results:The study encompassed 760 participants(median age:52 years;interquartile range:39-63 years),female 65.9%.There existed moderate levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices among participants,with variations across sociodemographic groups.Education(OR 0.53;95%CI 0.36-0.53;P=0.002),and average family income(OR 0.40;95%CI 0.24-0.68;P=0.001)were inversely associated with poor knowledge.Participants aged≥60 years had higher odds of negative attitudes(OR 5.26;95%CI 2.31-11.96;P<0.001)towards toxocariasis prevention.Not owning pets(OR 1.53;95%CI 1.13-2.08;P=0.006)and age≥60 years(OR 5.33;95%CI 2.61-10.86;P<0.001)were associated with significantly higher odds of poor preventive practices.Conversely,higher education(OR 0.11;95%CI 0.06-0.20;P<0.001)and higher income(OR 0.14;95%CI 0.06-0.33;P<0.001)were protective factors,significantly reducing the risk of poor preventive practices.Conclusions:Knowledge,attitudes,and practice levels regarding toxocariasis prevention among Khmer adults in Tra Vinh were moderate and associated with age,education and income.Targeted health education efforts,especially in rural and low-income groups,are essential to improve preventive behaviors and reduce infection risks.展开更多
This manuscript critically evaluates the randomized controlled trial(RCT)conducted by Phiri et al,which assessed the effectiveness of virtual reality(VR)training for psychiatric staff in reducing restrictive practices...This manuscript critically evaluates the randomized controlled trial(RCT)conducted by Phiri et al,which assessed the effectiveness of virtual reality(VR)training for psychiatric staff in reducing restrictive practices(RPs).Specifically,this RCT investigated the impact of VR on the handling of aggressive patients by psychiatric staff compared to traditional training methods.Despite significant reductions in perceived discrimination in the VR group,there were no major improvements in self-efficacy or anxiety levels.The system usability scale rated the VR platform highly,but it did not consistently outperform traditional training methods.Indeed,the study shows the potential for VR to reduce RPs,although fluctuations in RP rates suggest that external factors,such as staff turnover,influenced the outcomes.This manuscript evaluates the study’s methodology,results,and broader implications for mental health training.Additionally,it highlights the need for more comprehensive research to establish VR as a standard tool for psychiatric staff education,focusing on patient care outcomes and real-world applicability.Finally,this study explores future research di-rections,technological improvements,and the potential impact of policies that could enhance the integration of VR in clinical training.展开更多
Based on analyzing the necessity of reforming the course of Landscape Engineering,the course reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the teaching contents,reforming the teaching methods,enhancing the pra...Based on analyzing the necessity of reforming the course of Landscape Engineering,the course reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the teaching contents,reforming the teaching methods,enhancing the practice teaching,realizing the united simulation experiment of many courses and strengthening the teachers' training.And the teaching quality has been improved greatly.展开更多
This study evaluated the reduction effect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices （BMPs） to a 1.21 km^2 small agricultural watershed using a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model....This study evaluated the reduction effect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices （BMPs） to a 1.21 km^2 small agricultural watershed using a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model. Two meter QuickBird land use data were prepared for the watershed. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using dally streamflow and monthly water quality （total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and suspended solids （SS）） records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coefficients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for SS, TN, and TP, respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian buffer system, the regulation of Universal Soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed.展开更多
Non-point source water pollution generated by agricultural production is considered a major environmental issue in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of China. The Annualised Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollut...Non-point source water pollution generated by agricultural production is considered a major environmental issue in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of China. The Annualised Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution （AnnAGNPS） model was selected to assess the impact of the application of various management treats, including seven crops, five fertilizer levels and three-group management practice scenarios, on water quality from Heigou River Watershed in TGRA. The scenario subsets include conservation tillage practice （CTP）, conservation reserve program （CRP） and conversion of cropland into forestland program （CCFP）. Results indicated that tea can not be replaced by other crops because comparatively tea resulted in a higher sediment yield. CTP with no-tillage was more effective to reduce sediment yield, but could increased nutrient loss. CRP reduced sediment yield significantly, but slightly benefited on nutrient loss. CCFP reduced not only sediment yield but also the nutrient loss significantly. The conversion of cropland with a slope greater than 10° into forestland was found to be the best scenario as the sediment yield export is less than 5 tons/ha and nutrient loss is within the permissible limit.展开更多
Water shortage is a serious issue threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain, with the winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as its largest water-consuming crop. The effects of til...Water shortage is a serious issue threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain, with the winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as its largest water-consuming crop. The effects of tillage practices on the water consumption and water use efifciency （WUE） of wheat under high-yield conditions using supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture dynamic change were examined in this study. This experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2010, with ifve tillage practice treatments, namely, strip rotary tillage （SR）, strip rotary tillage after subsoiling （SRS）, rotary tillage （R）, rotary tillage after subsoiling （RS）, and plowing tillage （P）. The results showed that in the SRS and RS treatments the total water and soil water consumptions were 11.81, 25.18%and 12.16, 14.75%higher than those in SR and R treatments, respectively. The lowest ratio of irrigation consumption to total water consumption in the SRS treatment was 18.53 and 21.88%for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons, respectively. However, the highest percentage of water consumption was found in the SRS treatment from anthesis to maturity. No signiifcant difference was found between the WUE of the lfag leaf at the later iflling stage in the SRS and RS treatments, but the lfag leaf WUE at these stages were higher than those of other treatments. The SRS and RS treatments exhibited the highest grain yield （9 573.76 and 9 507.49 kg ha-1 for 3-yr average） with no signiifcant difference between the two treatments, followed by P, R and SR treatments. But the SRS treatment had the highest WUE. Thus, the 1-yr subsoiling tillage, plus 2 yr of strip rotary planting operation may be an efifcient measure to increase wheat yield and WUE.展开更多
Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practic...Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents in the aggregate fractions based on a long-term(approximately 15 years) field experiment in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed(T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated(TS), no tillage with straw removed(NT) and no tillage with straw retention(NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized block design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates(LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates(SA, 250–2000 μm), microaggregates(MA, 53–250 μm), and silt and clay(SC, <53 μm). Compared to the conventional tillage practices(including T and TS treatments), the percentages of the macroaggregate fractions(LA and SA) under the conservation tillage practices(including NT and NTS treatments) were increased by 41.2%–56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter(MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect being observed for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates(including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of tillage practices, storing 3.25–6.81 g C/kg soil and 0.34–0.62 g N/kg soil. Based on the above results, we recommend the NTS treatment as the best option to boost soil aggregates and to reinforce carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau of northwestern China.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.
文摘Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 0 - 24 months on exclusive breastfeeding in the Central African Republic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2024 among mothers of infants aged 0 to 24 months. Sociodemographic, obstetric and breastfeeding-related data were collected through individual interviews conducted during sensitizations on good feeding practices organized by the Tina Touadera Foundation. The chi2 test was used to test for relationships between variables, and the p significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age of the mothers surveyed was 27.67 years. 65.69% (n = 247) of mothers lived in urban areas and 55.85% (n = 210) were Muslim. 56.38% (n = 212) were living common-law and 34.04% (n = 128) were poor. Secondary-school mothers (44.42%, n = 167) and housewives (53.72%, n = 202) were in the majority. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was correctly defined by 79.26% (n = 298) of mothers and actually practised in 24.20% (n = 91) of cases. The main source of information was a health professional in 75.36% (n = 304) of cases. Among the 285 mothers who practised mixed breastfeeding, lack of time (33.33%) was the main reason. They acknowledged having given water (100%), corn porridge (75.09%) and/or artificial milk (24.91%) before the first 6 months of life. The average time for introducing water was 2.2 months, and for porridge/formula 2.79 months. More than half the mothers (55.05%) said they did not know their infants’ weaning age. Factors positively influencing the use of EBF were age under 29, residence in an urban area, primiparity, having been informed about AME by a health professional, and being a housewife or shopkeeper (p Conclusion: Mothers’ level of knowledge was heterogeneous but insufficient overall. An effective system of information and education from pregnancy to the first six months of life is needed to promote breastfeeding.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.
文摘Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans for several decades. Apart from this production performance, the quality of the beans, which are mainly exported to the major chocolate-making countries, presents a quality problem to the point of suffering a discount on the international market. One of these quality problems is the content of ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin produced by fungi. Finally, to verify the level of contamination in beans produced in Côte d’Ivoire, a study was carried out. It consisted of collecting information on fermentation and drying times (The two major post-harvest operations) and collecting beans, which were analyzed by electrophoresis using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results obtained show ochratoxin A contents of between 0.05 µg/kg and 0.17 µg/kg. The general level of contamination is therefore very low and below the tolerable limit which is 2 µg/kg. In addition, the correlative study between the fermentation and drying times of the beans revealed no significant influence (p < 0.01) of the duration of these operations on the level of ochratoxin A contamination. Major contamination can occur after post-harvest activities carried out by producers. This is certainly due to the development of fungi responsible for the production of ochratoxin A during the period of storage and marketing of cocoa beans in conditions of high humidity in storage enclosures. Producers need to be made more aware of the need to ensure that cocoa beans are properly dried and stored in dry areas to avoid moisture build-up, which is a source of mould growth and ochratoxin A production.
基金funded by Universityindustry Collaborative Education Program(No.220605181024725)the Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.22GZ13083)。
文摘With the rapid development of software engineering,traditional teaching methods are confronted with the challenges of short knowledge update cycles and the rapid emergence of new technologies.By analyzing the current situation of the mismatch between educational practices and industrial change,this study proposes an innovative teaching model—“Micro-practices”.This model integrates new knowledge and new technologies into the teaching process quickly and flexibly through practical teaching projects with“short class time,small capacity,and cloud environment”to meet the different educational needs of students,teachers,and enterprises.The aim is to train innovative software engineering talents who can meet the challenges of the future.
文摘Background:Invasive meningococcal disease is a potentially life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.Vaccination is highly effective in preventing meningitis and reducing its associated complications.This study aims to assess the United Arab Emirates(UAE)parents meningitis knowledge and explore vaccination attitudes and practices.Methodology:An observational cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024 across the UAE using convenience sampling through social media,electronic mail,and word of mouth.A 58-item questionnaire collected information regarding demographics,meningitis knowledge,attitudes and practices,and meningococcal vaccination knowledge and practices.Results:Of 443 parents included,more than a third had no knowledge about meningitis.Symptoms and severity were well-recognized overall,but clear gaps were evident regarding complications and meningococcal vaccines.Only 10.38%(46/443)identified themselves as knowledgeable/very knowledgeable regarding meningococcal vaccines.A healthcare provider recommendation was the strongest factor encouraging parents to vaccinate their child.Most vaccine hesitancy was seen regarding side effects.Views and practices regarding the two vaccines aligned closely,with more than four-fifths of participants needing more information and the major reasons for not vaccinating a child being a lack of information or lack of recommendation.Social media and governmental websites were the most common sources for learning more about meningitis,with doctors ranking third.In fact,trust in doctors varied with less than half having moderate or strong trust in their main paediatrician.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination status[adjusted odds ratio(AOR):0.365,95%confidence interval(CI):0.172 to 0.774,P=0.013]and female gender(AOR:2.741,95%CI:1.184 to 6.347,P=0.019)were significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy.Conclusion:Meningococcal vaccine hesitancy is a significant concern,primarily driven by fears of side effects and lack of knowledge and physician recommendation.However,vaccine attitudes were overall positive and highly dependent on physician involvement.There is a need for targeted educational initiatives enhancing meningitis disease awareness and vaccine uptake.
基金supported by an internal grant from Universitas Citra Bangsa(Number 6/VI/LP3M/UCB/22).
文摘Objective: The importance of culture in nursing lies in its influence on patients’ health perceptions, behaviors, and responses to care. Despite the challenges posed by the complexity of studying culture, there remains a critical need to develop cultural competence in nursing. This study investigated how nursing students in rural Indonesia enhance their cultural competence through education and practice. Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach. It conducted face-to-face interviews with 32 students across 6 regions, selected purposively. Thematic analysis was employed to evaluate the results. Results: Five themes emerge in this research: perceptions of cultural competence, learning cultural competence in the classroom, practical experience, learning expectations related to cultural competence, and cultural learning barriers. Conclusions: Enhancing cultural competence necessitates enriched curricula, adept clinical mentors, and continual student evaluation. This iterative assessment informs tailored strategies for nurturing cultural proficiency.
文摘In the context of energy structure transformation,digital and intelligent technologies have been introduced into the field of hydropower,which has accelerated the technological and equipment innovation of hydropower plants.However,it has also brought severe challenges to the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants.Traditional hydropower plant operation and maintenance suffer from problems such as low efficiency,equipment aging,and high labor costs,which seriously hinder the innovation and upgrading of hydropower plant operation and maintenance.Therefore,this article focuses on the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants,summarizes a series of innovative strategies,and applies them in practice to effectively improve the operation and maintenance level of hydropower plants.
文摘1 The Inuit's remarkable ability to thrive(蓬勃发展)in one of Earth's toughest environments hasn't happened by chance.Their complex system of traditions,passed down through countless generations,represents far more than mere survival strategies-it's a highly developed blueprint for living in harmony with the Arctic's unforgiving landscape.
文摘Objective:This article employs a scoping review methodology,integrates knowledge and information about current pediatric nurses'practices and perceptions regarding family-centered care in pediatric settings.Methods:Published articles were retrieved from databases including EBSCO host,PubMed,Springer,Science Direct,Ovid,and CINAHL between 2013 and 2023.Results:The finding shows a better understanding of pediatric nurses'perceptions of family-centered care in association with their clinical settings.However,the evidence indicates that integrating family-centered care components into health care services is difficult and confusing to nurses and is often not implemented in a clinical setting.As evidenced by this review,studies have consistently reported similar results;family-centered care was a good perception and understood by pediatric nurses as a concept but inconsistently used in a daily practice setting.Conclusions:This scoping review is the first phase in promoting a strategic plan to provide educational interventions for pediatric nurses to implement family-centered care in their daily practice settings.It's necessary to recognize pediatric nurses'perceptions and practices concerning family-centered care to provide optimal healthcare services in pediatric settings.
文摘This paper considers the notions of common sense and interobjectivity to articulate an understanding of how different cultural realities give rise to different construals of scientific phenomena across distinct cultures. Our main focus in this paper is on the social sciences. We propose a quadrant of different cultural–scientific stances from which the study of social phenomena is possible, based on the emic–etic dimension pertaining to the study of culture from contrasting perspectives. Although the emic–etic distinction is normal y applied in fields within the science of culture, it is proposed here that the distinction is in some ways germane to scientific practice in general, making it amenable for use in a culture of science(CoS) programme. The four perspectives that emerge from the quadrant are illustrated using exemplars. Different aspects of CoS—that is, scientific practice, scientific conventions and representations of science—are then discussed in further detail, including in two tables illustrating points of convergence and divergence between the East and West when it comes to different aspects of CoS.
文摘Infertility has been regarded as a global public health concern,affecting both men and women irrespective of geographical region,race,ethnicity,and socioeconomic class[1].The available global estimates suggest that almost 17%of people of reproductive age experience infertility during their lives[1],with 55 million men and 110 million women living with infertility worldwide and varying estimates across different global regions[2].The consequences of infertility go beyond just medical suffering,and result in huge social and psychological consequences,including marital strains,stigma,and mental health problems[1].The current paper explores infertility in cultural context,enlists herbal remedies and traditional healers for infertility,and proposes targeted public health interventions to minimize the utilization of herbal treatment in dealing with cases of infertility.
文摘Objective:To assess the socioeconomic characteristics influencing knowledge,attitudes,and practices in preventing toxocariasis among the adult Khmer population in Tra Vinh Province,Vietnam.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted across 30 communities in eight districts and cities of Tra Vinh Province using a 30-cluster random sampling method during 2023.Results:The study encompassed 760 participants(median age:52 years;interquartile range:39-63 years),female 65.9%.There existed moderate levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices among participants,with variations across sociodemographic groups.Education(OR 0.53;95%CI 0.36-0.53;P=0.002),and average family income(OR 0.40;95%CI 0.24-0.68;P=0.001)were inversely associated with poor knowledge.Participants aged≥60 years had higher odds of negative attitudes(OR 5.26;95%CI 2.31-11.96;P<0.001)towards toxocariasis prevention.Not owning pets(OR 1.53;95%CI 1.13-2.08;P=0.006)and age≥60 years(OR 5.33;95%CI 2.61-10.86;P<0.001)were associated with significantly higher odds of poor preventive practices.Conversely,higher education(OR 0.11;95%CI 0.06-0.20;P<0.001)and higher income(OR 0.14;95%CI 0.06-0.33;P<0.001)were protective factors,significantly reducing the risk of poor preventive practices.Conclusions:Knowledge,attitudes,and practice levels regarding toxocariasis prevention among Khmer adults in Tra Vinh were moderate and associated with age,education and income.Targeted health education efforts,especially in rural and low-income groups,are essential to improve preventive behaviors and reduce infection risks.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287 and No.NRF-2021S1A5A8062526Local Government-University Cooperation-Based Regional Innovation Projects,No.2021RIS-003.
文摘This manuscript critically evaluates the randomized controlled trial(RCT)conducted by Phiri et al,which assessed the effectiveness of virtual reality(VR)training for psychiatric staff in reducing restrictive practices(RPs).Specifically,this RCT investigated the impact of VR on the handling of aggressive patients by psychiatric staff compared to traditional training methods.Despite significant reductions in perceived discrimination in the VR group,there were no major improvements in self-efficacy or anxiety levels.The system usability scale rated the VR platform highly,but it did not consistently outperform traditional training methods.Indeed,the study shows the potential for VR to reduce RPs,although fluctuations in RP rates suggest that external factors,such as staff turnover,influenced the outcomes.This manuscript evaluates the study’s methodology,results,and broader implications for mental health training.Additionally,it highlights the need for more comprehensive research to establish VR as a standard tool for psychiatric staff education,focusing on patient care outcomes and real-world applicability.Finally,this study explores future research di-rections,technological improvements,and the potential impact of policies that could enhance the integration of VR in clinical training.
文摘Based on analyzing the necessity of reforming the course of Landscape Engineering,the course reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the teaching contents,reforming the teaching methods,enhancing the practice teaching,realizing the united simulation experiment of many courses and strengthening the teachers' training.And the teaching quality has been improved greatly.
基金supported by a grant (code # 2-2-3) from Sustainable Water Resources Research Center of 21st Century Frontier Research Programthe Development of The Third Korea Multe-Purpose Satellite funded by Ministry of Education Science
文摘This study evaluated the reduction effect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices （BMPs） to a 1.21 km^2 small agricultural watershed using a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） model. Two meter QuickBird land use data were prepared for the watershed. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using dally streamflow and monthly water quality （total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and suspended solids （SS）） records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coefficients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for SS, TN, and TP, respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian buffer system, the regulation of Universal Soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed.
基金supported by the 11th-Five Year Scientific Support Program of China (No.2006BAD03A13,2006BAD03A07)
文摘Non-point source water pollution generated by agricultural production is considered a major environmental issue in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of China. The Annualised Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution （AnnAGNPS） model was selected to assess the impact of the application of various management treats, including seven crops, five fertilizer levels and three-group management practice scenarios, on water quality from Heigou River Watershed in TGRA. The scenario subsets include conservation tillage practice （CTP）, conservation reserve program （CRP） and conversion of cropland into forestland program （CCFP）. Results indicated that tea can not be replaced by other crops because comparatively tea resulted in a higher sediment yield. CTP with no-tillage was more effective to reduce sediment yield, but could increased nutrient loss. CRP reduced sediment yield significantly, but slightly benefited on nutrient loss. CCFP reduced not only sediment yield but also the nutrient loss significantly. The conversion of cropland with a slope greater than 10° into forestland was found to be the best scenario as the sediment yield export is less than 5 tons/ha and nutrient loss is within the permissible limit.
基金the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171498 and 31401334)the Project of Technology System in Modern Wheat Industry, Ministry of Agriculture, China (CARS-3-1-19)
文摘Water shortage is a serious issue threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain, with the winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as its largest water-consuming crop. The effects of tillage practices on the water consumption and water use efifciency （WUE） of wheat under high-yield conditions using supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture dynamic change were examined in this study. This experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2010, with ifve tillage practice treatments, namely, strip rotary tillage （SR）, strip rotary tillage after subsoiling （SRS）, rotary tillage （R）, rotary tillage after subsoiling （RS）, and plowing tillage （P）. The results showed that in the SRS and RS treatments the total water and soil water consumptions were 11.81, 25.18%and 12.16, 14.75%higher than those in SR and R treatments, respectively. The lowest ratio of irrigation consumption to total water consumption in the SRS treatment was 18.53 and 21.88%for the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons, respectively. However, the highest percentage of water consumption was found in the SRS treatment from anthesis to maturity. No signiifcant difference was found between the WUE of the lfag leaf at the later iflling stage in the SRS and RS treatments, but the lfag leaf WUE at these stages were higher than those of other treatments. The SRS and RS treatments exhibited the highest grain yield （9 573.76 and 9 507.49 kg ha-1 for 3-yr average） with no signiifcant difference between the two treatments, followed by P, R and SR treatments. But the SRS treatment had the highest WUE. Thus, the 1-yr subsoiling tillage, plus 2 yr of strip rotary planting operation may be an efifcient measure to increase wheat yield and WUE.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Openly-Recruited Doctors (GAU-KYQD-2018-39)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571594, 41661049)the National Science and Technology Supporting Program of China (2015BAD22B04-03)
文摘Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents in the aggregate fractions based on a long-term(approximately 15 years) field experiment in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed(T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated(TS), no tillage with straw removed(NT) and no tillage with straw retention(NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized block design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates(LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates(SA, 250–2000 μm), microaggregates(MA, 53–250 μm), and silt and clay(SC, <53 μm). Compared to the conventional tillage practices(including T and TS treatments), the percentages of the macroaggregate fractions(LA and SA) under the conservation tillage practices(including NT and NTS treatments) were increased by 41.2%–56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter(MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect being observed for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates(including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of tillage practices, storing 3.25–6.81 g C/kg soil and 0.34–0.62 g N/kg soil. Based on the above results, we recommend the NTS treatment as the best option to boost soil aggregates and to reinforce carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau of northwestern China.
