Sandy debris flow deposits are present in Unit I during Miocene of Gas Field A in the Baiyun Depression of the South China Sea. The paucity of well data and the great variability of the sedimentary microfacies make it...Sandy debris flow deposits are present in Unit I during Miocene of Gas Field A in the Baiyun Depression of the South China Sea. The paucity of well data and the great variability of the sedimentary microfacies make it difficult to identify and predict the distribution patterns of the main gas reservoir, and have seriously hindered further exploration and development of the gas field. Therefore, making full use of the available seismic data is extremely important for predicting the spatial distribution of sedimentary microfacies when constructing three-dimensional reservoir models. A suitable reservoir modeling strategy or workflow controlled by sedimentary microfacies and seismic data has been developed. Five types of seismic attributes were selected to correlate with the sand percentage, and the root mean square （RMS） amplitude performed the best. The relation between the RMS amplitude and the sand percentage was used to construct a reservoir sand distribution map. Three types of main sedimentary microfacies were identified： debris channels, fan lobes, and natural levees. Using constraints from the sedimentary microfacies boundaries, a sedimentary microfacies model was constructed using the sequential indicator and assigned value simulation methods. Finally, reservoir models of physical properties for sandy debris flow deposits controlled by sedimentary microfacies and seismic inversion data were established. Property cutoff values were adopted because the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoir properties from well-logging interpretation are intrinsically different. Selection of appropriate reservoir property cutoffs is a key step in reservoir modeling when using simulation methods based on sedimentary microfacies control. When the abnormal data are truncated and the reservoir properties probability distribution fits a normal distribution, microfacies-controlled reservoir property models are more reliable than those obtained from the sequence Gauss simulation method. The cutoffs for effective porosity of the debris channel, fan lobe, and natural levee facies were 0.2, 0.09, and 0.12, respectively; the corresponding average effective porosities were 0.24, 0.13, and 0.15. The proposed modeling method makes full use of seismic attributes and seismic inversion data, and also makes the property data of single-well depositional microfacies more conformable to a normal distribution with geological significance. Thus, the method allows use of more reliable input data when we construct a model of a sandy debris flow.展开更多
The influence of China’s family planning policies on fertility transition is widely acknowledged in research studies.However,little is known about how improve-ments in women’s education have shaped reproductive deci...The influence of China’s family planning policies on fertility transition is widely acknowledged in research studies.However,little is known about how improve-ments in women’s education have shaped reproductive decisions of Chinese women across different family planning regimes,particularly at micro level.This study uses retrospective pooled birth history data from five consecutive population and fam-ily planning surveys collected over the period 1982-2006 to systematically examine the interrelationship between family planning policies and women’s education,and their interactive effect on the second and third birth transitions.We hypothesize that family planning policies had a differential influence on educational groups in reduc-ing the transition to second and third births.The results from discrete time com-plementary log-log survival models provide strong evidence of differential repro-ductive behavior of education groups across time in China,and the simultaneous influence of women’s education and family planning policies in lowering risks to higher parities.The rates of progression to second and third births tend to be lower after the introduction of rigid family planning policies,and more importantly,the policy impact persisted even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.The increase in women’s education overall had a depressing effect on transi-tion to higher parities,and family planning policies implemented overtime have had differential effects on women from different educational groups.The findings show that both family planning policies and women’s education have been instrumental in shaping fertility behavior in China.展开更多
The stream and rain data acquisition system presented in this paper makes the mapping of hydro potentials in the region or of the country economically and practically possible. Moreover, it can also serve as a flood w...The stream and rain data acquisition system presented in this paper makes the mapping of hydro potentials in the region or of the country economically and practically possible. Moreover, it can also serve as a flood warning system.展开更多
This paper proposes a useful web-based system for the management and sharing of electron probe micro-analysis( EPMA)data in geology. A new web-based architecture that integrates the management and sharing functions is...This paper proposes a useful web-based system for the management and sharing of electron probe micro-analysis( EPMA)data in geology. A new web-based architecture that integrates the management and sharing functions is developed and implemented.Earth scientists can utilize this system to not only manage their data,but also easily communicate and share it with other researchers.Data query methods provide the core functionality of the proposed management and sharing modules. The modules in this system have been developed using cloud GIS technologies,which help achieve real-time spatial area retrieval on a map. The system has been tested by approximately 263 users at Jilin University and Beijing SHRIMP Center. A survey was conducted among these users to estimate the usability of the primary functions of the system,and the assessment result is summarized and presented.展开更多
Due to limitations in geometric representation and semantic description, the current pedestrian route analysis models are inadequate. To express the geometry of geographic entities in a micro-spatial environment accur...Due to limitations in geometric representation and semantic description, the current pedestrian route analysis models are inadequate. To express the geometry of geographic entities in a micro-spatial environment accurately, the concept of a grid is presented, and grid-based methods for modeling geospatial objects are described. The semantic constitution of a building environment and the methods for modeling rooms, corridors, and staircases with grid objects are described. Based on the topology relationship between grid objects, a grid-based graph for a building environment is presented, and the corresponding route algorithm for pedestrians is proposed. The main advantages of the graph model proposed in this paper are as follows： 1） consideration of both semantic and geometric information, 2） consideration of the need for accurate geometric representation of the micro-spatial environment and the efficiency of pedestrian route analysis, 3） applicability of the graph model to route analysis in both static and dynamic environments, and 4） ability of the multi-hierarchical route analysis to integrate the multiple levels of pedestrian decision characteristics, from the high to the low, to determine the optimal path.展开更多
In astronomy,the brightness of a source is typically expressed in terms of magnitude.Conventionally,the magnitude is defined by the logarithm of received flux.This relationship is known as the Pogson formula.For recei...In astronomy,the brightness of a source is typically expressed in terms of magnitude.Conventionally,the magnitude is defined by the logarithm of received flux.This relationship is known as the Pogson formula.For received flux with a small signal to noise ratio（S/N）,however,the formula gives a large magnitude error.We investigate whether the use of Inverse Hyperbolic Sine function（hereafter referred to as the Asinh magnitude）in the modified formulae could allow for an alternative calculation of magnitudes for small S/N flux,and whether the new approach is better for representing the brightness of that region.We study the possibility of increasing the detection level of gravitational microlensing using 40 selected microlensing light curves from the 2013 and 2014 seasons and by using the Asinh magnitude.Photometric data of the selected events are obtained from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment（OGLE）.We found that utilization of the Asinh magnitude makes the events brighter compared to using the logarithmic magnitude,with an average of about 3.42×10^（-2）magnitude and an average in the difference of error between the logarithmic and the Asinh magnitude of about 2.21×10（-2）magnitude.The microlensing events OB140847 and OB140885 are found to have the largest difference values among the selected events.Using a Gaussian fit to find the peak for OB140847 and OB140885,we conclude statistically that the Asinh magnitude gives better mean squared values of the regression and narrower residual histograms than the Pogson magnitude.Based on these results,we also attempt to propose a limit in magnitude value for which use of the Asinh magnitude is optimal with small S/N data.展开更多
Sensor plays an important role in robotics. Sensors are used to determine the current state of the system. Robotic applications demand sensors with high degrees of repeatability, precision, and reliability. Flex senso...Sensor plays an important role in robotics. Sensors are used to determine the current state of the system. Robotic applications demand sensors with high degrees of repeatability, precision, and reliability. Flex sensor is such a device, which accomplish the above task with great degree of accuracy. The pick and place operation of the robotics arm can be efficiently controlled using micro controller programming. This designed work is an educational based concept as robotic control is an exciting and high challenge research work in recent year.展开更多
This research aims at enhancing the accuracy of navigation systems by integrating GPS and Mi-cro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) based inertial measurement units (IMU). Because of the conditions re-quired by the larg...This research aims at enhancing the accuracy of navigation systems by integrating GPS and Mi-cro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) based inertial measurement units (IMU). Because of the conditions re-quired by the large number of restrictions on empirical data, a conventional Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) is limited to apply in navigation systems by integrating MEMS-IMU/GPS. In response to non-linear non-Gaussian dynamic models of the inertial sensors, the methods rely on a particle cloud representation of the filtering distribution which evolves through time using importance sampling and resampling ideas. Then Particle Filtering (PF) can be used to data fusion of the inertial information and real-time updates from the GPS location and speed of information accurately. The experiments show that PF as opposed to EKF is more effective in raising MEMS-IMU/GPS navigation system’s data integration accuracy.展开更多
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants no.41272132 and 41572080)the Fundamental Research Funds for central Universities(grant no.2-9-2013-97)the Major State Science and Technology Research Programs(grants no.2008ZX05056-002-02-01 and 2011ZX05010-001-009)
文摘Sandy debris flow deposits are present in Unit I during Miocene of Gas Field A in the Baiyun Depression of the South China Sea. The paucity of well data and the great variability of the sedimentary microfacies make it difficult to identify and predict the distribution patterns of the main gas reservoir, and have seriously hindered further exploration and development of the gas field. Therefore, making full use of the available seismic data is extremely important for predicting the spatial distribution of sedimentary microfacies when constructing three-dimensional reservoir models. A suitable reservoir modeling strategy or workflow controlled by sedimentary microfacies and seismic data has been developed. Five types of seismic attributes were selected to correlate with the sand percentage, and the root mean square （RMS） amplitude performed the best. The relation between the RMS amplitude and the sand percentage was used to construct a reservoir sand distribution map. Three types of main sedimentary microfacies were identified： debris channels, fan lobes, and natural levees. Using constraints from the sedimentary microfacies boundaries, a sedimentary microfacies model was constructed using the sequential indicator and assigned value simulation methods. Finally, reservoir models of physical properties for sandy debris flow deposits controlled by sedimentary microfacies and seismic inversion data were established. Property cutoff values were adopted because the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoir properties from well-logging interpretation are intrinsically different. Selection of appropriate reservoir property cutoffs is a key step in reservoir modeling when using simulation methods based on sedimentary microfacies control. When the abnormal data are truncated and the reservoir properties probability distribution fits a normal distribution, microfacies-controlled reservoir property models are more reliable than those obtained from the sequence Gauss simulation method. The cutoffs for effective porosity of the debris channel, fan lobe, and natural levee facies were 0.2, 0.09, and 0.12, respectively; the corresponding average effective porosities were 0.24, 0.13, and 0.15. The proposed modeling method makes full use of seismic attributes and seismic inversion data, and also makes the property data of single-well depositional microfacies more conformable to a normal distribution with geological significance. Thus, the method allows use of more reliable input data when we construct a model of a sandy debris flow.
基金support for this research was provided by the UK Economic and Social Research Council(Reference:ES/J500161/1).
文摘The influence of China’s family planning policies on fertility transition is widely acknowledged in research studies.However,little is known about how improve-ments in women’s education have shaped reproductive decisions of Chinese women across different family planning regimes,particularly at micro level.This study uses retrospective pooled birth history data from five consecutive population and fam-ily planning surveys collected over the period 1982-2006 to systematically examine the interrelationship between family planning policies and women’s education,and their interactive effect on the second and third birth transitions.We hypothesize that family planning policies had a differential influence on educational groups in reduc-ing the transition to second and third births.The results from discrete time com-plementary log-log survival models provide strong evidence of differential repro-ductive behavior of education groups across time in China,and the simultaneous influence of women’s education and family planning policies in lowering risks to higher parities.The rates of progression to second and third births tend to be lower after the introduction of rigid family planning policies,and more importantly,the policy impact persisted even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.The increase in women’s education overall had a depressing effect on transi-tion to higher parities,and family planning policies implemented overtime have had differential effects on women from different educational groups.The findings show that both family planning policies and women’s education have been instrumental in shaping fertility behavior in China.
文摘The stream and rain data acquisition system presented in this paper makes the mapping of hydro potentials in the region or of the country economically and practically possible. Moreover, it can also serve as a flood warning system.
基金National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Special Funds,China(No.2016YFF0103303)National Science and Technology Support Program,China(No.2014BAK02B03)
文摘This paper proposes a useful web-based system for the management and sharing of electron probe micro-analysis( EPMA)data in geology. A new web-based architecture that integrates the management and sharing functions is developed and implemented.Earth scientists can utilize this system to not only manage their data,but also easily communicate and share it with other researchers.Data query methods provide the core functionality of the proposed management and sharing modules. The modules in this system have been developed using cloud GIS technologies,which help achieve real-time spatial area retrieval on a map. The system has been tested by approximately 263 users at Jilin University and Beijing SHRIMP Center. A survey was conducted among these users to estimate the usability of the primary functions of the system,and the assessment result is summarized and presented.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41571387,41201375 and 41501440)Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(No.14JCQNJC07900)+1 种基金Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(Nos.15ZCZDSF00390 and 14TXGCCX00015)Opening Fund of Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Geospatial Information Technology"Modeling and analysis of path graph in 3D indoor spatial environment"
文摘Due to limitations in geometric representation and semantic description, the current pedestrian route analysis models are inadequate. To express the geometry of geographic entities in a micro-spatial environment accurately, the concept of a grid is presented, and grid-based methods for modeling geospatial objects are described. The semantic constitution of a building environment and the methods for modeling rooms, corridors, and staircases with grid objects are described. Based on the topology relationship between grid objects, a grid-based graph for a building environment is presented, and the corresponding route algorithm for pedestrians is proposed. The main advantages of the graph model proposed in this paper are as follows： 1） consideration of both semantic and geometric information, 2） consideration of the need for accurate geometric representation of the micro-spatial environment and the efficiency of pedestrian route analysis, 3） applicability of the graph model to route analysis in both static and dynamic environments, and 4） ability of the multi-hierarchical route analysis to integrate the multiple levels of pedestrian decision characteristics, from the high to the low, to determine the optimal path.
基金DIKTI Kementerian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi for the 2014 research grant with contract number: 1062d/I1.C0I/PL/2014
文摘In astronomy,the brightness of a source is typically expressed in terms of magnitude.Conventionally,the magnitude is defined by the logarithm of received flux.This relationship is known as the Pogson formula.For received flux with a small signal to noise ratio（S/N）,however,the formula gives a large magnitude error.We investigate whether the use of Inverse Hyperbolic Sine function（hereafter referred to as the Asinh magnitude）in the modified formulae could allow for an alternative calculation of magnitudes for small S/N flux,and whether the new approach is better for representing the brightness of that region.We study the possibility of increasing the detection level of gravitational microlensing using 40 selected microlensing light curves from the 2013 and 2014 seasons and by using the Asinh magnitude.Photometric data of the selected events are obtained from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment（OGLE）.We found that utilization of the Asinh magnitude makes the events brighter compared to using the logarithmic magnitude,with an average of about 3.42×10^（-2）magnitude and an average in the difference of error between the logarithmic and the Asinh magnitude of about 2.21×10（-2）magnitude.The microlensing events OB140847 and OB140885 are found to have the largest difference values among the selected events.Using a Gaussian fit to find the peak for OB140847 and OB140885,we conclude statistically that the Asinh magnitude gives better mean squared values of the regression and narrower residual histograms than the Pogson magnitude.Based on these results,we also attempt to propose a limit in magnitude value for which use of the Asinh magnitude is optimal with small S/N data.
文摘Sensor plays an important role in robotics. Sensors are used to determine the current state of the system. Robotic applications demand sensors with high degrees of repeatability, precision, and reliability. Flex sensor is such a device, which accomplish the above task with great degree of accuracy. The pick and place operation of the robotics arm can be efficiently controlled using micro controller programming. This designed work is an educational based concept as robotic control is an exciting and high challenge research work in recent year.
文摘This research aims at enhancing the accuracy of navigation systems by integrating GPS and Mi-cro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) based inertial measurement units (IMU). Because of the conditions re-quired by the large number of restrictions on empirical data, a conventional Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) is limited to apply in navigation systems by integrating MEMS-IMU/GPS. In response to non-linear non-Gaussian dynamic models of the inertial sensors, the methods rely on a particle cloud representation of the filtering distribution which evolves through time using importance sampling and resampling ideas. Then Particle Filtering (PF) can be used to data fusion of the inertial information and real-time updates from the GPS location and speed of information accurately. The experiments show that PF as opposed to EKF is more effective in raising MEMS-IMU/GPS navigation system’s data integration accuracy.
