Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method w...Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable.展开更多
Under the background of the continuous improvement of the education level in China and the comprehensive and in-depth education reform,the society has been paying more attention to education.Focusing on the reform of ...Under the background of the continuous improvement of the education level in China and the comprehensive and in-depth education reform,the society has been paying more attention to education.Focusing on the reform of education methods is not only essential to promoting the high-quality development of China’s education,but also the inevitable prerequisite for establishing a high-quality education system.It is an effective way to build an educated country,and the guide to which directs the implementation of modern education.Therefore,this study takes the construction of a high-quality elementary education system as the background and considers effective strategies for the reform of education methods,so as to lay a solid foundation for improving China’s education level.展开更多
As Internet becomes largely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering andconstruction) industry, the main focus is in the area of information and project management. In thedynamic engineering consulting, less has bee...As Internet becomes largely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering andconstruction) industry, the main focus is in the area of information and project management. In thedynamic engineering consulting, less has been done so far. This research tries to find thepossibility and potential of the Internet application in design and consulting for the AEC industryby proposing a working model in specific area, steel construction. Several issues have beendiscussed: defining and formatting the typical procedure and character of the steel constructionconsulting, behavior approach based on activities among partners, and the model organization.展开更多
A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extr...A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.展开更多
On the basis of similar structure of solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) boundary value problem, the similar construction method was put forward by solving problems of fluid flow in porous media through ...On the basis of similar structure of solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) boundary value problem, the similar construction method was put forward by solving problems of fluid flow in porous media through the homogeneous reservoir. It is indicate that the pressure distribution of dimensionless reservoir and bottom hole in Laplace space, which take on the radial flow, also shows similar structure, and the internal relationship between the above solutions were illustrated in detail.展开更多
Quantitative level evaluation of cold-rolled strip was significant for the shape control and the product structure optimization. Based on the probability statistics method and the shape pattern recognition method, the...Quantitative level evaluation of cold-rolled strip was significant for the shape control and the product structure optimization. Based on the probability statistics method and the shape pattern recognition method, the shape evaluation model of cold-rolled strip was established to evaluate real-time shape of the online strip. The model was embedded in the shape control system, and the online strip shape state was real-time observed whether to meet the technical indicators, so the shape level could be identified and evaluated. Based on the shape evaluation indicators, the shape component could be well controlled to improve the shape hit rate and the control stability, so that the rolled strip shape could meet the technical requirements. At a 1050 cold strip mill, the shape data of the scene typical specifications strip were online collected and real-time evaluated, and the hit of macro shape in less than 8 I was 68.44%, indicating that the mill shape control had considerable room for improvement, as well as the evaluation method was feasible and practical for quantitative evaluation of the strip shape. So the new evaluation model has important guiding significance to increase value-added and reduce product quality objection.展开更多
Flavored vegetable oils have attracted more and more attentions from consumers and researchers due to their high oxidative stability and sensory quality.In the present study,the quality indices,chemical composition an...Flavored vegetable oils have attracted more and more attentions from consumers and researchers due to their high oxidative stability and sensory quality.In the present study,the quality indices,chemical composition and frying performance of galangal flavored sunflower oil prepared by infusion method(GFSO-I),combination pressing method(GFSO-C)and direct addition method(GFSO-A)were investigated.The results displayed that the preparation time,the levels for the acid value(AV),peroxide value(PV),p-anisidine value(AnV),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and the values for total polar compounds(TPC),thiobarbituric acid(TBA),K232 and K268 of GFSO-C were prominently low(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A,while the fatty acid composition of them were similar.In the frying of Chinese Maye(tradional Chinese food,fried dough stick)at 180°C for 30 h,the values for TPC,TBA,K232 and K268,polymer,viscosity and b*of GFSO-C were obviously low(P<0.05),while the value for L*was obviously high(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A.In the sensory evaluation,the flavor,taste,crispness and overall acceptance of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-C were better than that of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-I and GFSO-A.Consequently,GFSO-C is more suitable for cooking,and the combination pressing method is optimal for industrial production of GFSO.展开更多
The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly anal...The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.展开更多
In the context of digitalization,course resources exhibit multimodal characteristics,covering various forms such as text,images,and videos.Course knowledge and learning resources are becoming increasingly diverse,prov...In the context of digitalization,course resources exhibit multimodal characteristics,covering various forms such as text,images,and videos.Course knowledge and learning resources are becoming increasingly diverse,providing favorable conditions for students’in-depth and efficient learning.Against this backdrop,how to scientifically apply emerging technologies to automatically collect,process,and integrate digital learning resources such as voices,videos,and courseware texts,and better innovate the organization and presentation forms of course knowledge has become an important development direction for“artificial intelligence+education.”This article elaborates on the elements and characteristics of knowledge graphs,analyzes the construction steps of knowledge graphs,and explores the construction methods of multimodal course knowledge graphs from aspects such as dataset collection,course knowledge ontology identification,knowledge discovery,and association,providing references for the intelligent application of online open courses.展开更多
The cooperative control of ride comfort and handling stability in automobile suspension systems presents a significant challenge in intelligent chassis system design.This complexity arises from the high degrees of fre...The cooperative control of ride comfort and handling stability in automobile suspension systems presents a significant challenge in intelligent chassis system design.This complexity arises from the high degrees of freedom,diverse operating conditions,and inherent trade-offs between performance metrics in full-car suspension systems.In this paper,a novel switching control strategy is proposed to better balance ride comfort and handling stability for a full-car suspension system.The system integrates a ride comfort controller and an anti-rollover controller,guided by a new rollover risk assessment indicator that requires fewer state variables.First,a vehicle suspension simplification model approach is introduced,reducing the fourteen-degree-of-freedom full-car suspension model to three two-degree-of-freedom models:vertical,pitch and roll.Based on these simplified models,vertical,roll,and pitch controllers are designed,simplifying the controller design process for full-car suspension systems.The ride comfort controller is constructed using the modal energy method in conjunction with the simplified model controllers,while the roll controller functions as the anti-rollover controller.The proposed rollover risk assessment indicator serves as the switching criterion between handling stability and ride comfort control.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed switching control strategy effectively adapts to various road conditions,enabling the semi-active variable damping suspension system to perform multi-modal switching.Compared to a well-tuned passive suspension,vertical,roll,and pitch accelerations are reduced by 14.13%,13.02%and 13.08%,respectively,significantly improving ride comfort.Additionally,the system effectively mitigates rollover risk,achieving reductions in roll angle,roll speed,and roll acceleration by 19.69%,16.40%,and 29.96%,respectively,thereby greatly enhancing vehicle safety.Overall,the proposed switching control strategy achieves a successful balance between ride comfort and handling stability,enhancing overall driving performance.展开更多
New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed...New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.展开更多
The remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearing is vital in safety and reliability guarantee.In engineering scenarios,only a small amount of bearing performance degradation data can be obtained through acceler...The remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearing is vital in safety and reliability guarantee.In engineering scenarios,only a small amount of bearing performance degradation data can be obtained through accelerated life testing.In the absence of lifetime data,the hidden long-term correlation between performance degradation data is challenging to mine effectively,which is the main factor that restricts the prediction precision and engineering application of the residual life prediction method.To address this problem,a novel method based on the multi-layer perception neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory network is proposed.Firstly,a nonlinear health indicator(HI)calculation method based on kernel principal component analysis(KPCA)and exponential weighted moving average(EWMA)is designed.Then,using the raw vibration data and HI,a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network is trained to further calculate the HI of the online bearing in real time.Furthermore,The bidirectional long short-term memory model(BiLSTM)optimized by particle swarm optimization(PSO)is used to mine the time series features of HI and predict the remaining service life.Performance verification experiments and comparative experiments are carried out on the XJTU-SY bearing open dataset.The research results indicate that this method has an excellent ability to predict future HI and remaining life.展开更多
The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected t...The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected truly. This paper discusses identification methods and the data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields of petroliferous basins within China. The results of the study show that: (1) the identification methods of formation water include the basic methods of single factors such as physical characteristics, water composition characteristics, water type characteristics, and characteristic coefficients, as well as the comprehensive evaluation method of data credibility proposed on this basis, which mainly relies on the correlation analysis sodium chloride coefficient and desulfurization coefficient and combines geological background evaluation;(2) The basic identifying methods for formation water enable the preliminary identification of hydrochemical data and the preliminary screening of data on site, the proposed comprehensive method realizes the evaluation by classifying the CaCl2-type water into types A-I to A-VI and the NaHCO3-type water into types B-I to B-IV, so that researchers can make in-depth evaluation on the credibility of hydrochemical data and analysis of influencing factors;(3) When the basic methods are used to identify the formation water, the formation water containing anions such as CO_(3)^(2-), OH- and NO_(3)^(-), or the formation water with the sodium chloride coefficient and desulphurization coefficient not matching the geological setting, are all invaded with surface water or polluted by working fluid;(4) When the comprehensive method is used, the data credibility of A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II formation water can be evaluated effectively and accurately only if the geological setting analysis in respect of the factors such as formation environment, sampling conditions, condensate water, acid fluid, leaching of ancient weathering crust, and ancient atmospheric fresh water, is combined, although such formation water is believed with high credibility.展开更多
This paper presents an interpolation-based method(IBM)for approximating some trigonometric functions or their integrals as well.It provides two-sided bounds for each function,which also achieves much better approximat...This paper presents an interpolation-based method(IBM)for approximating some trigonometric functions or their integrals as well.It provides two-sided bounds for each function,which also achieves much better approximation effects than those of prevailing methods.In principle,the IBM can be applied for bounding more bounded smooth functions and their integrals as well,and its applications include approximating the integral of sin(x)/x function and improving the famous square root inequalities.展开更多
A new method for constructing digital-strain-field-image from a moire pattern with the help of digital image processing technique is proposed in this paper. The digital-strain-field-image expresses the strain values d...A new method for constructing digital-strain-field-image from a moire pattern with the help of digital image processing technique is proposed in this paper. The digital-strain-field-image expresses the strain values directly by its grey levels. The digital-strain-field-image can be obtained by making a differentiation for the digital moire pattern and doing a simple division operation. This image not only gives the visual strain field distribution, but also gives the strain values of every point. This method is simple and applicable and has satisfactory accuracy.展开更多
The research was carried out to establish a new reverse phase-HPLC stability indicating method for quantifying Bimatoprost & Timolol in ophthalmic solution. The experiment of Bimatoprost & Timolol in ophthalmi...The research was carried out to establish a new reverse phase-HPLC stability indicating method for quantifying Bimatoprost & Timolol in ophthalmic solution. The experiment of Bimatoprost & Timolol in ophthalmic solution method development was determined on Waters HPLC instrument using a UV Detector. The separation was done by using L11, Zorbex SB phenyl (4.6 mm × 250 mm internal diameter) 5 μm analytical column, containing mobile phase of Phosphate buffer (0.02 M), methanol, and acetonitrile [50:30:20 % v/v]. The method was run at 1 ml·min<sup>-1</sup> at 210 nm for Bimatoprost and 295 nm for Timolol for detection. The drug was eluted at 10.81 min for Bimatoprost and 3.77 min for Timolol. After developing the method, it was assured for the intended use by validation, which was done according to ICH Q2B guidelines. The analytical parameters checked were Specificity/Selectivity, linearity, Range, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness. It was observed that the response of the detector was linear in the range of 6 - 18 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The results of all the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria. The stability-indicating assay method was established by using the samples generated by the forced degradation process. The forced degradation was carried out by subjecting the drug to acid, alkali, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic degradation, and the results showed that the degradation products were successfully separated from the drug. Hence, this can be applied perfectly later for the quantitative analysis of Bimatoprost 0.3% + Timolol 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution drugs for pharmaceutical use. Currently, there is no official method for Bimatoprost & Timolol combination products in USP or BP. Available research work related to single Bimatoprost or Timolol products was not suitable for testing Bimatoprost and Timolol combination drugs. Additionally, there is no stability-indicating method to test Bimatoprost & Timolol combination products which insist us to do research and develop a new reverse phase-HPLC indicating method which will be faster and more accurate.展开更多
We investigate strong stability preserving(SSP)implicit-explicit(IMEX)methods for partitioned systems of differential equations with stiff and nonstiff subsystems.Conditions for order p and stage order q=p are derived...We investigate strong stability preserving(SSP)implicit-explicit(IMEX)methods for partitioned systems of differential equations with stiff and nonstiff subsystems.Conditions for order p and stage order q=p are derived,and characterization of SSP IMEX methods is provided following the recent work by Spijker.Stability properties of these methods with respect to the decoupled linear system with a complex parameter,and a coupled linear system with real parameters are also investigated.Examples of methods up to the order p=4 and stage order q—p are provided.Numerical examples on six partitioned test systems confirm that the derived methods achieve the expected order of convergence for large range of stepsizes of integration,and they are also suitable for preserving the accuracy in the stiff limit or preserving the positivity of the numerical solution for large stepsizes.展开更多
Large cross-section tunnel construction induces ground surface settlements, potentially endangering both subterranean projects and nearby above-ground structures. A novel tunnel construction method, known as the suspe...Large cross-section tunnel construction induces ground surface settlements, potentially endangering both subterranean projects and nearby above-ground structures. A novel tunnel construction method, known as the suspension method,is introduced in this paper to mitigate surface settlement. The suspension method employs vertical tie rods to establish a structural connection between the initial tunnel support system and the surface steel beam, thereby exerting effective control settlements. To analyze the performance of the proposed method, systematic numerical simulations were conducted based on the practical engineering of Harbin Subway Line 3. The surface settlement and vault settlement characteristics during construction are investigated. The results show a gradual increment in both surface and vault settlement throughout the construction process, culminating in a stabilized state upon the completion of construction.In addition, compared to the double-side drift method and the Cross Diaphragm Method(CRD) method, the suspension method can obviously reduce the surface settlement and vault settlement. Moreover, the surface settlements and the axial force of tie rods were continuously monitored during the construction process at the trial tunnel block.These specific monitoring measurements are illustrated in comparison to numerical analysis results. The monitored results show great agreement with the numerical predictions, confirming the success of the project. This research can serve as a valuable practical reference for similar projects, offering insights and guidance for addressing ground surface settlements and enhancing construction safety in the domain of large cross-section tunneling.展开更多
In order to ensure the safety of coal mine shaft construction, a double-layer steel plate concrete composite shaft wall structure was proposed. However, fewer studies were conducted on this structure, which made engin...In order to ensure the safety of coal mine shaft construction, a double-layer steel plate concrete composite shaft wall structure was proposed. However, fewer studies were conducted on this structure, which made engineers too confused to fully recognize its feasibility of this structure. Hence, based on the previous experimental research on the Taohutu mine construction project in Ordos in Inner Mongolia, this research paper aims to provide a widely deep numerical analysis by the usage of the finite element software, in fact, to establish the corresponding numerical analysis model and make a comparison with the experimental data to get the rationality of the verified model. The influence of the composite characteristics of the steel plate and concrete on the ultimate bearing capacity and stress field of the shaft wall structure is studied here through the method of multi-factor analysis. Also, the optimal design scheme of the double-layer steel plate and concrete composite shaft wall structure is proposed in this research paper.展开更多
In the process of China's modern social development, the demand for electric energy in various industries and people’s daily production and life has increased significantly. However, if we rely solely on thermal ...In the process of China's modern social development, the demand for electric energy in various industries and people’s daily production and life has increased significantly. However, if we rely solely on thermal power generation, it will inevitably cause pollution of the natural environment and substantial waste of fossil resources, which also makes the clean energy of solar power generation and wind power generation widely used. In order to further improve the application level of wind turbines, it is necessary to realize the effective distribution and power transmission through box substations. Based on this, this paper makes an in-depth research and Discussion on the foundation construction method of wind turbine substation, hoping to provide necessary reference for the foundation construction technology and comprehensive level improvement of wind turbine substation in China.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50378008)
文摘Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable.
文摘Under the background of the continuous improvement of the education level in China and the comprehensive and in-depth education reform,the society has been paying more attention to education.Focusing on the reform of education methods is not only essential to promoting the high-quality development of China’s education,but also the inevitable prerequisite for establishing a high-quality education system.It is an effective way to build an educated country,and the guide to which directs the implementation of modern education.Therefore,this study takes the construction of a high-quality elementary education system as the background and considers effective strategies for the reform of education methods,so as to lay a solid foundation for improving China’s education level.
文摘As Internet becomes largely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering andconstruction) industry, the main focus is in the area of information and project management. In thedynamic engineering consulting, less has been done so far. This research tries to find thepossibility and potential of the Internet application in design and consulting for the AEC industryby proposing a working model in specific area, steel construction. Several issues have beendiscussed: defining and formatting the typical procedure and character of the steel constructionconsulting, behavior approach based on activities among partners, and the model organization.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51378417)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13089)PhD Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
文摘A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.
文摘On the basis of similar structure of solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) boundary value problem, the similar construction method was put forward by solving problems of fluid flow in porous media through the homogeneous reservoir. It is indicate that the pressure distribution of dimensionless reservoir and bottom hole in Laplace space, which take on the radial flow, also shows similar structure, and the internal relationship between the above solutions were illustrated in detail.
基金Item Sponsored by the National Science and Technology Support Plan of China(2011BAF15B03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51305387)Hebei Province Colleges and Universities Natural Science Research Youth Foundation of China(Q2012104)
文摘Quantitative level evaluation of cold-rolled strip was significant for the shape control and the product structure optimization. Based on the probability statistics method and the shape pattern recognition method, the shape evaluation model of cold-rolled strip was established to evaluate real-time shape of the online strip. The model was embedded in the shape control system, and the online strip shape state was real-time observed whether to meet the technical indicators, so the shape level could be identified and evaluated. Based on the shape evaluation indicators, the shape component could be well controlled to improve the shape hit rate and the control stability, so that the rolled strip shape could meet the technical requirements. At a 1050 cold strip mill, the shape data of the scene typical specifications strip were online collected and real-time evaluated, and the hit of macro shape in less than 8 I was 68.44%, indicating that the mill shape control had considerable room for improvement, as well as the evaluation method was feasible and practical for quantitative evaluation of the strip shape. So the new evaluation model has important guiding significance to increase value-added and reduce product quality objection.
基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.
文摘Flavored vegetable oils have attracted more and more attentions from consumers and researchers due to their high oxidative stability and sensory quality.In the present study,the quality indices,chemical composition and frying performance of galangal flavored sunflower oil prepared by infusion method(GFSO-I),combination pressing method(GFSO-C)and direct addition method(GFSO-A)were investigated.The results displayed that the preparation time,the levels for the acid value(AV),peroxide value(PV),p-anisidine value(AnV),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and the values for total polar compounds(TPC),thiobarbituric acid(TBA),K232 and K268 of GFSO-C were prominently low(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A,while the fatty acid composition of them were similar.In the frying of Chinese Maye(tradional Chinese food,fried dough stick)at 180°C for 30 h,the values for TPC,TBA,K232 and K268,polymer,viscosity and b*of GFSO-C were obviously low(P<0.05),while the value for L*was obviously high(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A.In the sensory evaluation,the flavor,taste,crispness and overall acceptance of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-C were better than that of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-I and GFSO-A.Consequently,GFSO-C is more suitable for cooking,and the combination pressing method is optimal for industrial production of GFSO.
文摘The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.
基金University-level Scientific Research Project in Natural Sciences“Research on the Retrieval Method of Multimodal First-Class Course Teaching Content Based on Knowledge Graph Collaboration”(GKY-2024KYYBK-31)。
文摘In the context of digitalization,course resources exhibit multimodal characteristics,covering various forms such as text,images,and videos.Course knowledge and learning resources are becoming increasingly diverse,providing favorable conditions for students’in-depth and efficient learning.Against this backdrop,how to scientifically apply emerging technologies to automatically collect,process,and integrate digital learning resources such as voices,videos,and courseware texts,and better innovate the organization and presentation forms of course knowledge has become an important development direction for“artificial intelligence+education.”This article elaborates on the elements and characteristics of knowledge graphs,analyzes the construction steps of knowledge graphs,and explores the construction methods of multimodal course knowledge graphs from aspects such as dataset collection,course knowledge ontology identification,knowledge discovery,and association,providing references for the intelligent application of online open courses.
基金Supported by the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Project(Grant No.DP200100149)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn202211062)Chinses Scholarship Council(Grant No.202006690005).
文摘The cooperative control of ride comfort and handling stability in automobile suspension systems presents a significant challenge in intelligent chassis system design.This complexity arises from the high degrees of freedom,diverse operating conditions,and inherent trade-offs between performance metrics in full-car suspension systems.In this paper,a novel switching control strategy is proposed to better balance ride comfort and handling stability for a full-car suspension system.The system integrates a ride comfort controller and an anti-rollover controller,guided by a new rollover risk assessment indicator that requires fewer state variables.First,a vehicle suspension simplification model approach is introduced,reducing the fourteen-degree-of-freedom full-car suspension model to three two-degree-of-freedom models:vertical,pitch and roll.Based on these simplified models,vertical,roll,and pitch controllers are designed,simplifying the controller design process for full-car suspension systems.The ride comfort controller is constructed using the modal energy method in conjunction with the simplified model controllers,while the roll controller functions as the anti-rollover controller.The proposed rollover risk assessment indicator serves as the switching criterion between handling stability and ride comfort control.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed switching control strategy effectively adapts to various road conditions,enabling the semi-active variable damping suspension system to perform multi-modal switching.Compared to a well-tuned passive suspension,vertical,roll,and pitch accelerations are reduced by 14.13%,13.02%and 13.08%,respectively,significantly improving ride comfort.Additionally,the system effectively mitigates rollover risk,achieving reductions in roll angle,roll speed,and roll acceleration by 19.69%,16.40%,and 29.96%,respectively,thereby greatly enhancing vehicle safety.Overall,the proposed switching control strategy achieves a successful balance between ride comfort and handling stability,enhancing overall driving performance.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China(Grant No.21YJA790009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72140001).
文摘New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant Number 2023YFB3709601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 62373215,62373219,62073193)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(Grant Numbers 2021CXGC010204,2022CXGC020902)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(Grant Number 2021JCG008)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Number ZR2023MF100).
文摘The remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearing is vital in safety and reliability guarantee.In engineering scenarios,only a small amount of bearing performance degradation data can be obtained through accelerated life testing.In the absence of lifetime data,the hidden long-term correlation between performance degradation data is challenging to mine effectively,which is the main factor that restricts the prediction precision and engineering application of the residual life prediction method.To address this problem,a novel method based on the multi-layer perception neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory network is proposed.Firstly,a nonlinear health indicator(HI)calculation method based on kernel principal component analysis(KPCA)and exponential weighted moving average(EWMA)is designed.Then,using the raw vibration data and HI,a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network is trained to further calculate the HI of the online bearing in real time.Furthermore,The bidirectional long short-term memory model(BiLSTM)optimized by particle swarm optimization(PSO)is used to mine the time series features of HI and predict the remaining service life.Performance verification experiments and comparative experiments are carried out on the XJTU-SY bearing open dataset.The research results indicate that this method has an excellent ability to predict future HI and remaining life.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2023ZZ0202)。
文摘The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected truly. This paper discusses identification methods and the data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields of petroliferous basins within China. The results of the study show that: (1) the identification methods of formation water include the basic methods of single factors such as physical characteristics, water composition characteristics, water type characteristics, and characteristic coefficients, as well as the comprehensive evaluation method of data credibility proposed on this basis, which mainly relies on the correlation analysis sodium chloride coefficient and desulfurization coefficient and combines geological background evaluation;(2) The basic identifying methods for formation water enable the preliminary identification of hydrochemical data and the preliminary screening of data on site, the proposed comprehensive method realizes the evaluation by classifying the CaCl2-type water into types A-I to A-VI and the NaHCO3-type water into types B-I to B-IV, so that researchers can make in-depth evaluation on the credibility of hydrochemical data and analysis of influencing factors;(3) When the basic methods are used to identify the formation water, the formation water containing anions such as CO_(3)^(2-), OH- and NO_(3)^(-), or the formation water with the sodium chloride coefficient and desulphurization coefficient not matching the geological setting, are all invaded with surface water or polluted by working fluid;(4) When the comprehensive method is used, the data credibility of A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II formation water can be evaluated effectively and accurately only if the geological setting analysis in respect of the factors such as formation environment, sampling conditions, condensate water, acid fluid, leaching of ancient weathering crust, and ancient atmospheric fresh water, is combined, although such formation water is believed with high credibility.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61672009,61502130).
文摘This paper presents an interpolation-based method(IBM)for approximating some trigonometric functions or their integrals as well.It provides two-sided bounds for each function,which also achieves much better approximation effects than those of prevailing methods.In principle,the IBM can be applied for bounding more bounded smooth functions and their integrals as well,and its applications include approximating the integral of sin(x)/x function and improving the famous square root inequalities.
文摘A new method for constructing digital-strain-field-image from a moire pattern with the help of digital image processing technique is proposed in this paper. The digital-strain-field-image expresses the strain values directly by its grey levels. The digital-strain-field-image can be obtained by making a differentiation for the digital moire pattern and doing a simple division operation. This image not only gives the visual strain field distribution, but also gives the strain values of every point. This method is simple and applicable and has satisfactory accuracy.
文摘The research was carried out to establish a new reverse phase-HPLC stability indicating method for quantifying Bimatoprost & Timolol in ophthalmic solution. The experiment of Bimatoprost & Timolol in ophthalmic solution method development was determined on Waters HPLC instrument using a UV Detector. The separation was done by using L11, Zorbex SB phenyl (4.6 mm × 250 mm internal diameter) 5 μm analytical column, containing mobile phase of Phosphate buffer (0.02 M), methanol, and acetonitrile [50:30:20 % v/v]. The method was run at 1 ml·min<sup>-1</sup> at 210 nm for Bimatoprost and 295 nm for Timolol for detection. The drug was eluted at 10.81 min for Bimatoprost and 3.77 min for Timolol. After developing the method, it was assured for the intended use by validation, which was done according to ICH Q2B guidelines. The analytical parameters checked were Specificity/Selectivity, linearity, Range, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness. It was observed that the response of the detector was linear in the range of 6 - 18 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The results of all the parameters were found to be within the acceptance criteria. The stability-indicating assay method was established by using the samples generated by the forced degradation process. The forced degradation was carried out by subjecting the drug to acid, alkali, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic degradation, and the results showed that the degradation products were successfully separated from the drug. Hence, this can be applied perfectly later for the quantitative analysis of Bimatoprost 0.3% + Timolol 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution drugs for pharmaceutical use. Currently, there is no official method for Bimatoprost & Timolol combination products in USP or BP. Available research work related to single Bimatoprost or Timolol products was not suitable for testing Bimatoprost and Timolol combination drugs. Additionally, there is no stability-indicating method to test Bimatoprost & Timolol combination products which insist us to do research and develop a new reverse phase-HPLC indicating method which will be faster and more accurate.
文摘We investigate strong stability preserving(SSP)implicit-explicit(IMEX)methods for partitioned systems of differential equations with stiff and nonstiff subsystems.Conditions for order p and stage order q=p are derived,and characterization of SSP IMEX methods is provided following the recent work by Spijker.Stability properties of these methods with respect to the decoupled linear system with a complex parameter,and a coupled linear system with real parameters are also investigated.Examples of methods up to the order p=4 and stage order q—p are provided.Numerical examples on six partitioned test systems confirm that the derived methods achieve the expected order of convergence for large range of stepsizes of integration,and they are also suitable for preserving the accuracy in the stiff limit or preserving the positivity of the numerical solution for large stepsizes.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023JBZD004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2034204,52078031)the Science and Technology Development Project of cccC Harbin Metro Investment and Construction Co.,Ltd.(ZJHD-FW-2018-01-086).
文摘Large cross-section tunnel construction induces ground surface settlements, potentially endangering both subterranean projects and nearby above-ground structures. A novel tunnel construction method, known as the suspension method,is introduced in this paper to mitigate surface settlement. The suspension method employs vertical tie rods to establish a structural connection between the initial tunnel support system and the surface steel beam, thereby exerting effective control settlements. To analyze the performance of the proposed method, systematic numerical simulations were conducted based on the practical engineering of Harbin Subway Line 3. The surface settlement and vault settlement characteristics during construction are investigated. The results show a gradual increment in both surface and vault settlement throughout the construction process, culminating in a stabilized state upon the completion of construction.In addition, compared to the double-side drift method and the Cross Diaphragm Method(CRD) method, the suspension method can obviously reduce the surface settlement and vault settlement. Moreover, the surface settlements and the axial force of tie rods were continuously monitored during the construction process at the trial tunnel block.These specific monitoring measurements are illustrated in comparison to numerical analysis results. The monitored results show great agreement with the numerical predictions, confirming the success of the project. This research can serve as a valuable practical reference for similar projects, offering insights and guidance for addressing ground surface settlements and enhancing construction safety in the domain of large cross-section tunneling.
文摘In order to ensure the safety of coal mine shaft construction, a double-layer steel plate concrete composite shaft wall structure was proposed. However, fewer studies were conducted on this structure, which made engineers too confused to fully recognize its feasibility of this structure. Hence, based on the previous experimental research on the Taohutu mine construction project in Ordos in Inner Mongolia, this research paper aims to provide a widely deep numerical analysis by the usage of the finite element software, in fact, to establish the corresponding numerical analysis model and make a comparison with the experimental data to get the rationality of the verified model. The influence of the composite characteristics of the steel plate and concrete on the ultimate bearing capacity and stress field of the shaft wall structure is studied here through the method of multi-factor analysis. Also, the optimal design scheme of the double-layer steel plate and concrete composite shaft wall structure is proposed in this research paper.
文摘In the process of China's modern social development, the demand for electric energy in various industries and people’s daily production and life has increased significantly. However, if we rely solely on thermal power generation, it will inevitably cause pollution of the natural environment and substantial waste of fossil resources, which also makes the clean energy of solar power generation and wind power generation widely used. In order to further improve the application level of wind turbines, it is necessary to realize the effective distribution and power transmission through box substations. Based on this, this paper makes an in-depth research and Discussion on the foundation construction method of wind turbine substation, hoping to provide necessary reference for the foundation construction technology and comprehensive level improvement of wind turbine substation in China.
