Cold seeps in the deep sea are closely linked to energy exploration as well as global climate change.The alkane-dominated chemical energy-driven model makes cold seeps an oasis of deep-sea life,showcasing an unparalle...Cold seeps in the deep sea are closely linked to energy exploration as well as global climate change.The alkane-dominated chemical energy-driven model makes cold seeps an oasis of deep-sea life,showcasing an unparalleled reservoir of microbial genetic diversity.Here,by analyzing 113 metagenomes collected from 14 global sites across 5 cold seep types,we present a comprehensive Cold Seep Microbiomic Database(CSMD)to archive the genomic and functional diversity of cold seep microbiomes.The CSMD includes over 49 million non-redundant genes and 3175 metagenome-assembled genomes,which represent 1895 species spanning 105 phyla.In addition,beta diversity analysis indicates that both the sampling site and cold seep type have a substantial impact on the prokaryotic microbiome community composition.Heterotrophic and anaerobic metabolisms are prevalent in microbial communities,accompanied by considerable mixotrophs and facultative anaerobes,highlighting the versatile metabolic potential in cold seeps.Furthermore,secondary metabolic gene cluster analysis indicates that at least 98.81%of the sequences potentially encode novel natural products,with ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides being the predominant type widely distributed in archaea and bacteria.Overall,the CSMD represents a valuable resource that would enhance the understanding and utilization of global cold seep microbiomes.展开更多
Effective vegetation reconstruction plays a vital role in the restoration of desert ecosystems.However,in reconstruction of different vegetation types,the community characteristics,assembly processes,and functions of ...Effective vegetation reconstruction plays a vital role in the restoration of desert ecosystems.However,in reconstruction of different vegetation types,the community characteristics,assembly processes,and functions of different soil microbial taxa under environmental changes are still disputed,which limits the understanding of the sustainability of desert restoration.Hence,we investigated the soil microbial community characteristics and functional attributes of grassland desert(GD),desert steppe(DS),typical steppe(TS),and artificial forest(AF)in the Mu Us Desert,China.Our findings confirmed the geographical conservation of soil microbial composition but highlighted decreased microbial diversity in TS.Meanwhile,the abundance of rare taxa and microbial community stability in TS improved.Heterogeneous and homogeneous selection determined the assembly of rare and abundant bacterial taxa,respectively,with both being significantly influenced by soil moisture.In contrast,fungal communities displayed stochastic processes and exhibited sensitivity to soil nutrient conditions.Furthermore,our investigation revealed a noteworthy augmentation in bacterial metabolic functionality in TS,aligning with improved vegetation restoration and the assemblage of abundant bacterial taxa.However,within nutrient-limited soils(GD,DS,and AF),the assembly dynamics of rare fungal taxa assumed a prominent role in augmenting their metabolic capacity and adaptability to desert ecosystems.These results highlighted the variations in the assembly processes and metabolic functions of soil microorganisms during vegetation reestablishment and provided corresponding theoretical support for anthropogenic revegetation of desert ecosystems.展开更多
Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypert...Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Traditionally, bariatric surgeries have been categorized into hypoabsorptive, restrictive, or hybrid approaches. However, these classifications inadequately reflect the complex anatomical and physiological alterations associated with modern surgical methodologies. This paper explores the evolution of metabolic surgeries, emphasizing the integration of physiological concepts into classic procedures to provide more tailored and effective treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities. Finally, the proposal for a new classification based on current metabolic concepts will facilitate communication among patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Additionally, it will enable a more didactic and standardized approach to data collection for conducting studies and publications.展开更多
Objective To investigate the influence of Panax ginseng continuous cropping on the carbon substrate metabolic activity of microbes in soils sampled from Dafang,Huangni,and Wulidi in Jilin Province,China.Methods Soil m...Objective To investigate the influence of Panax ginseng continuous cropping on the carbon substrate metabolic activity of microbes in soils sampled from Dafang,Huangni,and Wulidi in Jilin Province,China.Methods Soil metabolisms of soil communities were characterized by community level physiological profiles using BIOLOGTM EcoPlate.Results Soils sampled from the three sites were analyzed and their metabolic activities were compared.Principal component analysis explored the significant variance in metabolic function of microbial communities in soils,though the Shannon index and the evenness index of them were similar.Futhermore,two principal components(PC1 and PC2),which contributed 67.83% and 10.78% of total variance,were extracted respectively.And also,substrates significantly correlated with PC1 and PC2 at the three sampling sites were identified.Conclusion Characteristic of soil is the primary factor influencing microbial communities,and P.ginseng continuous cropping has significant influence on microbial community.Though soil samples show similar microbial metabolic profiles,microbial communities in rhizosphere soil are changed obviously during the cultivation of P.ginseng,which would finally result in the unbalance of microbial community.Phytopathogens would gradually be the predominants in rhizosphere soil and make P.ginseng sick.展开更多
The concept of foetal programming（FP） originated from human epidemiological studies, where foetal life nutrition was linked to health and disease status later in life. Since the proposal of this phenomenon, it has b...The concept of foetal programming（FP） originated from human epidemiological studies, where foetal life nutrition was linked to health and disease status later in life. Since the proposal of this phenomenon, it has been evaluated in various animal models to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the foetal origins of health and disease in humans. In FP research, the sheep has been quite extensively used as a model for humans. In this paper we will review findings mainly from our Copenhagen sheep model, on the implications of late gestation malnutrition for growth, development, and metabolic and endocrine functions later in life, and discuss how these implications may depend on the diet fed to the animal in early postnatal life. Our results have indicated that negative implications of foetal malnutrition, both as a result of overnutrition and, particularly, late gestation undernutrition, can impair a wide range of endocrine functions regulating growth and presumably also reproductive traits. These implications are not readily observable early in postnatal life, but are increasingly manifested as the animal approaches adulthood. No intervention or cure is known that can reverse this programming in postnatal life. Our findings suggest that close to normal growth and slaughter results can be obtained at least until puberty in animals which have undergone adverse programming in foetal life, but manifestation of programming effects becomes increasingly evident in adult animals.Due to the risk of transfer of the adverse programming effects to future generations, it is therefore recommended that animals that are suspected to have undergone adverse FP are not used for reproduction. Unfortunately, no reliable biomarkers have as yet been identified that allow accurate identification of adversely programmed offspring at birth,except for very low or high birth weights, and, in pigs, characteristic changes in head shape（dolphin head）. Future efforts should be therefore dedicated to identify reliable biomarkers and evaluate their effectiveness for alleviation/reversal of the adverse programming in postnatal life. Our sheep studies have shown that the adverse impacts of an extreme, high-fat diet in early postnatal life, but not prenatal undernutrition, can be largely reversed by dietary correction later in life. Thus, birth（at term） appears to be a critical set point for permanent programming in animals born precocial,such as sheep. Appropriate attention to the nutrition of the late pregnant dam should therefore be a priority in animal production systems.展开更多
Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental ...Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Changping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included： a non-amended control（CK）, a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment（NPK）; a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment（NPKM）, and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment（NPKS）. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） of the 16 S r RNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term（NPKM, NPKS） significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only（NPK）, and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness（S） and structural diversity（H）. Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities（average well color development, AWCD） and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices（H＇ and E） indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated（NPKM, NPKS） could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis（PCA） based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis（RDA） indicated that soil organic carbon（SOC） availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon（Cmic） and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China＇s soil resource.展开更多
Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application.Thus,it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance reco...Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application.Thus,it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance recovery,understand the intrinsic mechanism and then propose operational strategy.In this study,we combined long-term reactor operation,batch tests,and metagenomics to reveal the succession of microbial community and functional metabolism variation from system collapse to recovery.Proper aeration control(0.10-0.25mg O_(2)/L)was critical for performance recovery.It was also found that Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant flora and its abundance increased from 3.5%to 11.0%.Significant enhancements in carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis were observed during system recovery,and the genes abundance related to signal transduction was dramatically increased.The up-regulation of sdh and suc genes showed the processes of succinate dehydrogenation and succinyl-CoA synthesis might stimulate the production of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins,thereby possibly improving the activity and abundance of AnAOB,which was conducive to the performance recovery.Moreover,the increase in abundance of hzs and hdh genes suggested the enhancement of the anammox process.Changes in the abundance of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism indicated that nitrogen removal pathway was more diverse after system recovery.The achievement of performance recovery was driven by anammox,nitrification and denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.These results provide deeper insights into the recovery mechanism of PNA system and also provide a potential regulation strategy for the stable operation of the mainstream PNA process.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease （CKD） has become a worldwide public health problem, and currently, it affects approximately 10% of adults in the United States[I]. Meanwhile, it also has emerged as an important social challen...Chronic kidney disease （CKD） has become a worldwide public health problem, and currently, it affects approximately 10% of adults in the United States[I]. Meanwhile, it also has emerged as an important social challenge in China[2]. CKD has been reported to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, premature death, and end-stage renal diseaseTM. Thus, it is necessary to determine the risk factors for CKD.展开更多
Fermented chili products are popular traditional fermented foods around the world.However,differences in microbial communities in fermented chilies from different regions and how they affect the flavor compounds in ch...Fermented chili products are popular traditional fermented foods around the world.However,differences in microbial communities in fermented chilies from different regions and how they affect the flavor compounds in chili fermentation have not been reported.In this study,the dynamics of flavor compounds and microbial communities in fermented chilies from Sichuan,Guizhou,and Hunan were systematically investigated by macro-genome sequencing,solid phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS),electronic nose,and electronic tongue techniques.Simultaneously,the microbial metabolic mechanisms and the relationship between flavor compounds and microbiome were unraveled through staged and simulated fermentation analysis.The results showed that 53 chemical odorants,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,and acids,were identified as chemical markers to differentiate the regional samples.A total of 12 microbial species,including Staphylococcus xylosus,unclassified Staphylococcus species,Weissella confusus,Lactococcus cremoris,Lactococcus garvieae,Lactiplantibacillus sakei,Pediciococcus propionicigenes,Pediciococcus idahonensis,Pediciococcus aciditolerans,Nocardioides antri,Debaryomyces hansenii,and Colletotrichum scovillei,were identified as microbial markers to differentiate the regional samples.Correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillaceae was associated with fruity,floral,spicy,and fatty aromas.The electronic nose and tongue analysis results showed that 9 flavor and 8 taste indicators significantly differed between regional samples(P<0.05).Additionally,flavor compounds and microbial diversity were robust under initial selection stress and showed higher diversity under metabolome-microbiome interactions.Importantly,simulated fermentation confirmed that metabolome-microbiome interactions drove the shift in microbial structure,metabolism,and flavor in regionally fermented chilies.These results provide insights into the succession of microbial communities and the formation of flavor compounds in chili fermentation,which may enable the future replication of fermented foods with the same flavor.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community and metabolic function in paddy fields.The 16S rRNA absolute quantitative ...This study aimed to explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community and metabolic function in paddy fields.The 16S rRNA absolute quantitative sequencing method was employed to study the response characteristics of soil bacterial community composition and species absolute abundance to environmental factors under three fertilization treatments[chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer(30M,estimated in terms of pure nitrogen,same below),and organic fertilizer replacing 60%of chemical fertilizer(60M)]for two consecutive years.Furthermore,the changes of bacterial metabolic functions of different fertilization treatments were predicted by PICRUSt2.The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer at different proportions significantly increased the total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),hydrolyzable nitrogen(HN),soil organic carbon(SOC),and significantly decreased the soil bulk density(SBD).Moreover,60M demonstrated better performance than 30M.Different fertilization treatments did not cause significant difference in soil bacterial richness index(Chao1)or diversity index(Shannon)but significantly affected bacterial community composition and species abundance.Particularly,60M significantly increased the abundance of 227 species,and it increased the total bacterial abundance by 25.30%and 56.58%compared with NPK and 30M,respectively.Redundancy analysis and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that SOC,TN,and AK were the key factors for shaping specific bacterial community structures under different fertilization treatments.The 60M treatment significantly increased the abundance of bacterial species involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and lipid metabolism,thus improving the metabolic functions of soil microorganisms.展开更多
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different protein levels on the growth performance and metabolic rate of nutrition in broilers. Total 360 healthy and weight closed local broilers of 3 weeks w...The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different protein levels on the growth performance and metabolic rate of nutrition in broilers. Total 360 healthy and weight closed local broilers of 3 weeks were chosen and then divided into three groups randomly by one factor. Each group contains three handlings, each handling consists of 40 broilers. The period of experiment was 7 weeks. The metabolic experiment was performed at the 7th week. Three different protein levels were used in broilers＇ diet. The levels of protein were 19%, 17.5% and 16%. The results showed that the different levels of protein in crude dietary had significant difference between 19% group and the other two groups. The average daily weight gain and daily efficiency were significantly higher than that of the other two groups （P〈0.05）. Compared to protein levels of 19% and 16%, there was no significant difference in the metabolism of calcium （P〉0.05）, and the metabolic rate of the impact of phosphorus was significantly different （P〈0.05）. The result showed that when protein level was 19%, the growth of the local broiler was the best.展开更多
The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Z...The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.展开更多
Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage o...Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-展开更多
The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon （BAC） play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water. To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of m...The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon （BAC） play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water. To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter, we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count （HPC）, phospholipid, dehydrogenase, metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods. In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization, the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved. The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter. The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau. The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased, and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40. After an initial decrease, which was followed by an increase, the removal rate of NH4＋-N and COD_Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%, respectively, by day 40. The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days, and remained at 18%. At the steady operation state, the levels of HPC, phospholipid, dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40. The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4＋-N, NO2--N, CODMn, UV254, biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent. Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water.展开更多
More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(DAA)drugs.They proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic...More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(DAA)drugs.They proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),including patients with cirrhosis.The new DAA treatments were alleged to induce significant improvements in clinical outcome and prognosis,but the exact cause of the expected benefit was unclear.Further,little was known about how the underlying liver disease would be affected during and after viral clearance.In this review,we describe and discuss the liver-related effects of the new treatments in regards to both pathophysiological aspects,such as macrophage activation,and the time-dependent effects of therapy,with specific emphasis on inflammation,structural liver changes,and liver function,as these factors are all related to morbidity and mortality in CHC patients.It seems clear that antiviral therapy,especially the achievement of a sustained virologic response has several beneficial effects on liver-related parameters in CHC patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.There seems to be a timedependent effect of DAA therapy with viral clearance and the resolution of liver inflammation followed by more discrete changes in structural liver lesions.These improvements lead to favorable effects on liver function,followed by an improvement in cognitive dysfunction and portal hypertension.Overall,the data provide knowledge on the several beneficial effects of DAA therapy on liverrelated parameters in CHC patients suggesting short-and long-term improvements in the underlying disease with the promise of an improved longterm prognosis.展开更多
In light of the accelerated aging of the global population and the deterioration of the atmosphere pollution, we sought to clarify the potential mechanisms by which fine particulate matter（PM_（2.5）） can cause cogn...In light of the accelerated aging of the global population and the deterioration of the atmosphere pollution, we sought to clarify the potential mechanisms by which fine particulate matter（PM_（2.5）） can cause cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration through the alteration of mitochondrial structure and function. The results indicate that PM_（2.5） inhalation reduces ATP production by disrupting the aerobic tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby causing the hypophosphorylation of tau in the cortices of middle-aged mice. Furthermore, excessive reactive oxygen species generation was involved in the impairment. Interestingly, these alterations were partially reversed after exposure to PM_（2.5） ended. These findings clarify the mechanism involved in mitochondrial abnormality-related neuropathological dysfunction in response to atmospheric PM_（2.5） inhalation and provide an optimistic sight for alleviating the adverse health outcomes in polluted areas.展开更多
As a highly complex organ with digestive,endocrine,and immune-regulatory functions,the liver is pivotal in maintaining physiological homeostasis through its roles in metabolism,detoxification,and immune response.Vario...As a highly complex organ with digestive,endocrine,and immune-regulatory functions,the liver is pivotal in maintaining physiological homeostasis through its roles in metabolism,detoxification,and immune response.Various factors including viruses,alcohol,metabolites,toxins,and other pathogenic agents can compromise liver function,leading to acute or chronic injury that may progress to end-stage liver diseases.While sharing common features,liver diseases exhibit distinct pathophysiological,clinical,and therapeutic profiles.Currently,liver diseases contribute to approximately 2 million deaths globally each year,imposing significant economic and social burdens worldwide.However,there is no cure for many kinds of liver diseases,partly due to a lack of thorough understanding of the development of these liver diseases.Therefore,this review provides a comprehensive examination of the epidemiology and characteristics of liver diseases,covering a spectrum from acute and chronic conditions to end-stage manifestations.We also highlight the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of liver diseases,spanning molecular and cellular levels to organ networks.Additionally,this review offers updates on innovative diagnostic techniques,current treatments,and potential therapeutic targets presently under clinical evaluation.Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases hold critical implications and translational value for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Organs are fundamental anatomical entities within the human body,each performing distinct physiological functions and serving as sites for various pathological conditions.Current medical research and treatment focus p...Organs are fundamental anatomical entities within the human body,each performing distinct physiological functions and serving as sites for various pathological conditions.Current medical research and treatment focus primarily on the individual as a whole or on cellular and genetic levels.However,due to the absence of well-established in vitro organ culture techniques and models,research at the mesoscopic level of organs significantly lags behind microscopic and macroscopic investigations.This lag restricts the efficient translation of research outcomes and constrains the potential for regional research and precise treatment of diseased organs.Although murine models and cell lines contribute to the understanding of organ biology and associated diseases,they fail to replicate crucial aspects of human organ complexity and metabolic functions.Notably,failures in clinical trials have often been attributed to inaccurate modeling,particularly in animal models.展开更多
This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated...This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.展开更多
Aerobic granular sludge(AGS)is a neoteric wastewater treatment technology.The organic loading rate(OLR)exhibits a critical effect on the AGS formation process.The special role of OLR on AGS is rarely established,espec...Aerobic granular sludge(AGS)is a neoteric wastewater treatment technology.The organic loading rate(OLR)exhibits a critical effect on the AGS formation process.The special role of OLR on AGS is rarely established,especially in a complicated environment.This work explored the influence of OLR on the AGS system under a micro-electric stimulation environment.The dynamic OLR affected the behaviors of AGS and reactor performance.AGS cultured under a dynamic OLR environment showed a more compact structure and the AGS system displayed an excellent capacity in removing pollutants.The stable texture of AGS is related to the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS).The main constitutions of EPS include tryptophan protein,tyrosine protein,humic acid-like substance,and fulvic acid-like substance.The OLR-varied environment may provide a selective condition,impacting the microbial population.The prevail bacteria were Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium(21.98%),Lactococcus(23.93%),and Chryseobacterium(5.58%)in OLRvaried AGS system.The evolution of the microbial population induced the change in bacterial community functions,such as carbohydrate metabolism,replication and repair,and membrane transport functions.This work provides valuable insights into the OLR on AGS processes,helping to the stability of AGS-based systems.展开更多
基金support from the Senior User Project of RV KEXUE(Grant No.KEXUE2019GZ05)the Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences+2 种基金funding support from the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2021QZKK0100)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1002801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92251302).
文摘Cold seeps in the deep sea are closely linked to energy exploration as well as global climate change.The alkane-dominated chemical energy-driven model makes cold seeps an oasis of deep-sea life,showcasing an unparalleled reservoir of microbial genetic diversity.Here,by analyzing 113 metagenomes collected from 14 global sites across 5 cold seep types,we present a comprehensive Cold Seep Microbiomic Database(CSMD)to archive the genomic and functional diversity of cold seep microbiomes.The CSMD includes over 49 million non-redundant genes and 3175 metagenome-assembled genomes,which represent 1895 species spanning 105 phyla.In addition,beta diversity analysis indicates that both the sampling site and cold seep type have a substantial impact on the prokaryotic microbiome community composition.Heterotrophic and anaerobic metabolisms are prevalent in microbial communities,accompanied by considerable mixotrophs and facultative anaerobes,highlighting the versatile metabolic potential in cold seeps.Furthermore,secondary metabolic gene cluster analysis indicates that at least 98.81%of the sequences potentially encode novel natural products,with ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides being the predominant type widely distributed in archaea and bacteria.Overall,the CSMD represents a valuable resource that would enhance the understanding and utilization of global cold seep microbiomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007428)the National Forage Industry Technology System Program of China(No.CARS34)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2022SF-285)Shaanxi Province Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(No.SXLK2022-02-14)。
文摘Effective vegetation reconstruction plays a vital role in the restoration of desert ecosystems.However,in reconstruction of different vegetation types,the community characteristics,assembly processes,and functions of different soil microbial taxa under environmental changes are still disputed,which limits the understanding of the sustainability of desert restoration.Hence,we investigated the soil microbial community characteristics and functional attributes of grassland desert(GD),desert steppe(DS),typical steppe(TS),and artificial forest(AF)in the Mu Us Desert,China.Our findings confirmed the geographical conservation of soil microbial composition but highlighted decreased microbial diversity in TS.Meanwhile,the abundance of rare taxa and microbial community stability in TS improved.Heterogeneous and homogeneous selection determined the assembly of rare and abundant bacterial taxa,respectively,with both being significantly influenced by soil moisture.In contrast,fungal communities displayed stochastic processes and exhibited sensitivity to soil nutrient conditions.Furthermore,our investigation revealed a noteworthy augmentation in bacterial metabolic functionality in TS,aligning with improved vegetation restoration and the assemblage of abundant bacterial taxa.However,within nutrient-limited soils(GD,DS,and AF),the assembly dynamics of rare fungal taxa assumed a prominent role in augmenting their metabolic capacity and adaptability to desert ecosystems.These results highlighted the variations in the assembly processes and metabolic functions of soil microorganisms during vegetation reestablishment and provided corresponding theoretical support for anthropogenic revegetation of desert ecosystems.
文摘Bariatric and metabolic surgeries have gained extensive popularity and trust due to their documented efficacy and safety in managing not only obesity but also associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and joint pain. Traditionally, bariatric surgeries have been categorized into hypoabsorptive, restrictive, or hybrid approaches. However, these classifications inadequately reflect the complex anatomical and physiological alterations associated with modern surgical methodologies. This paper explores the evolution of metabolic surgeries, emphasizing the integration of physiological concepts into classic procedures to provide more tailored and effective treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities. Finally, the proposal for a new classification based on current metabolic concepts will facilitate communication among patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Additionally, it will enable a more didactic and standardized approach to data collection for conducting studies and publications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (81072992)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (200800231060)
文摘Objective To investigate the influence of Panax ginseng continuous cropping on the carbon substrate metabolic activity of microbes in soils sampled from Dafang,Huangni,and Wulidi in Jilin Province,China.Methods Soil metabolisms of soil communities were characterized by community level physiological profiles using BIOLOGTM EcoPlate.Results Soils sampled from the three sites were analyzed and their metabolic activities were compared.Principal component analysis explored the significant variance in metabolic function of microbial communities in soils,though the Shannon index and the evenness index of them were similar.Futhermore,two principal components(PC1 and PC2),which contributed 67.83% and 10.78% of total variance,were extracted respectively.And also,substrates significantly correlated with PC1 and PC2 at the three sampling sites were identified.Conclusion Characteristic of soil is the primary factor influencing microbial communities,and P.ginseng continuous cropping has significant influence on microbial community.Though soil samples show similar microbial metabolic profiles,microbial communities in rhizosphere soil are changed obviously during the cultivation of P.ginseng,which would finally result in the unbalance of microbial community.Phytopathogens would gradually be the predominants in rhizosphere soil and make P.ginseng sick.
基金The research activities involving the Copenhagen sheep model were supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research through the research programme of the Centre for Foetal Programming(CFP),Denmark
文摘The concept of foetal programming（FP） originated from human epidemiological studies, where foetal life nutrition was linked to health and disease status later in life. Since the proposal of this phenomenon, it has been evaluated in various animal models to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the foetal origins of health and disease in humans. In FP research, the sheep has been quite extensively used as a model for humans. In this paper we will review findings mainly from our Copenhagen sheep model, on the implications of late gestation malnutrition for growth, development, and metabolic and endocrine functions later in life, and discuss how these implications may depend on the diet fed to the animal in early postnatal life. Our results have indicated that negative implications of foetal malnutrition, both as a result of overnutrition and, particularly, late gestation undernutrition, can impair a wide range of endocrine functions regulating growth and presumably also reproductive traits. These implications are not readily observable early in postnatal life, but are increasingly manifested as the animal approaches adulthood. No intervention or cure is known that can reverse this programming in postnatal life. Our findings suggest that close to normal growth and slaughter results can be obtained at least until puberty in animals which have undergone adverse programming in foetal life, but manifestation of programming effects becomes increasingly evident in adult animals.Due to the risk of transfer of the adverse programming effects to future generations, it is therefore recommended that animals that are suspected to have undergone adverse FP are not used for reproduction. Unfortunately, no reliable biomarkers have as yet been identified that allow accurate identification of adversely programmed offspring at birth,except for very low or high birth weights, and, in pigs, characteristic changes in head shape（dolphin head）. Future efforts should be therefore dedicated to identify reliable biomarkers and evaluate their effectiveness for alleviation/reversal of the adverse programming in postnatal life. Our sheep studies have shown that the adverse impacts of an extreme, high-fat diet in early postnatal life, but not prenatal undernutrition, can be largely reversed by dietary correction later in life. Thus, birth（at term） appears to be a critical set point for permanent programming in animals born precocial,such as sheep. Appropriate attention to the nutrition of the late pregnant dam should therefore be a priority in animal production systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31301843)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(IARRP-202-5)
文摘Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Changping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included： a non-amended control（CK）, a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment（NPK）; a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment（NPKM）, and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment（NPKS）. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） of the 16 S r RNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term（NPKM, NPKS） significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only（NPK）, and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness（S） and structural diversity（H）. Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities（average well color development, AWCD） and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices（H＇ and E） indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated（NPKM, NPKS） could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis（PCA） based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis（RDA） indicated that soil organic carbon（SOC） availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon（Cmic） and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China＇s soil resource.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC3201504)the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No.52000140)the Social Development Program of Science and Technology Committee Foundations of Shanghai (No.22dz1209200)。
文摘Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application.Thus,it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance recovery,understand the intrinsic mechanism and then propose operational strategy.In this study,we combined long-term reactor operation,batch tests,and metagenomics to reveal the succession of microbial community and functional metabolism variation from system collapse to recovery.Proper aeration control(0.10-0.25mg O_(2)/L)was critical for performance recovery.It was also found that Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant flora and its abundance increased from 3.5%to 11.0%.Significant enhancements in carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis were observed during system recovery,and the genes abundance related to signal transduction was dramatically increased.The up-regulation of sdh and suc genes showed the processes of succinate dehydrogenation and succinyl-CoA synthesis might stimulate the production of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins,thereby possibly improving the activity and abundance of AnAOB,which was conducive to the performance recovery.Moreover,the increase in abundance of hzs and hdh genes suggested the enhancement of the anammox process.Changes in the abundance of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism indicated that nitrogen removal pathway was more diverse after system recovery.The achievement of performance recovery was driven by anammox,nitrification and denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.These results provide deeper insights into the recovery mechanism of PNA system and also provide a potential regulation strategy for the stable operation of the mainstream PNA process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81273507)Humanity and Social Science Foundation for the Youth Scholars of China's Ministry of Education (No.08JC840021)
文摘Chronic kidney disease （CKD） has become a worldwide public health problem, and currently, it affects approximately 10% of adults in the United States[I]. Meanwhile, it also has emerged as an important social challenge in China[2]. CKD has been reported to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, premature death, and end-stage renal diseaseTM. Thus, it is necessary to determine the risk factors for CKD.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972064,32302030)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731334)。
文摘Fermented chili products are popular traditional fermented foods around the world.However,differences in microbial communities in fermented chilies from different regions and how they affect the flavor compounds in chili fermentation have not been reported.In this study,the dynamics of flavor compounds and microbial communities in fermented chilies from Sichuan,Guizhou,and Hunan were systematically investigated by macro-genome sequencing,solid phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS),electronic nose,and electronic tongue techniques.Simultaneously,the microbial metabolic mechanisms and the relationship between flavor compounds and microbiome were unraveled through staged and simulated fermentation analysis.The results showed that 53 chemical odorants,including alcohols,esters,aldehydes,and acids,were identified as chemical markers to differentiate the regional samples.A total of 12 microbial species,including Staphylococcus xylosus,unclassified Staphylococcus species,Weissella confusus,Lactococcus cremoris,Lactococcus garvieae,Lactiplantibacillus sakei,Pediciococcus propionicigenes,Pediciococcus idahonensis,Pediciococcus aciditolerans,Nocardioides antri,Debaryomyces hansenii,and Colletotrichum scovillei,were identified as microbial markers to differentiate the regional samples.Correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillaceae was associated with fruity,floral,spicy,and fatty aromas.The electronic nose and tongue analysis results showed that 9 flavor and 8 taste indicators significantly differed between regional samples(P<0.05).Additionally,flavor compounds and microbial diversity were robust under initial selection stress and showed higher diversity under metabolome-microbiome interactions.Importantly,simulated fermentation confirmed that metabolome-microbiome interactions drove the shift in microbial structure,metabolism,and flavor in regionally fermented chilies.These results provide insights into the succession of microbial communities and the formation of flavor compounds in chili fermentation,which may enable the future replication of fermented foods with the same flavor.
文摘This study aimed to explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community and metabolic function in paddy fields.The 16S rRNA absolute quantitative sequencing method was employed to study the response characteristics of soil bacterial community composition and species absolute abundance to environmental factors under three fertilization treatments[chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer(30M,estimated in terms of pure nitrogen,same below),and organic fertilizer replacing 60%of chemical fertilizer(60M)]for two consecutive years.Furthermore,the changes of bacterial metabolic functions of different fertilization treatments were predicted by PICRUSt2.The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer at different proportions significantly increased the total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),hydrolyzable nitrogen(HN),soil organic carbon(SOC),and significantly decreased the soil bulk density(SBD).Moreover,60M demonstrated better performance than 30M.Different fertilization treatments did not cause significant difference in soil bacterial richness index(Chao1)or diversity index(Shannon)but significantly affected bacterial community composition and species abundance.Particularly,60M significantly increased the abundance of 227 species,and it increased the total bacterial abundance by 25.30%and 56.58%compared with NPK and 30M,respectively.Redundancy analysis and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that SOC,TN,and AK were the key factors for shaping specific bacterial community structures under different fertilization treatments.The 60M treatment significantly increased the abundance of bacterial species involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and lipid metabolism,thus improving the metabolic functions of soil microorganisms.
基金Supported by Youth Funded Projects of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2007AA6CN033)
文摘The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different protein levels on the growth performance and metabolic rate of nutrition in broilers. Total 360 healthy and weight closed local broilers of 3 weeks were chosen and then divided into three groups randomly by one factor. Each group contains three handlings, each handling consists of 40 broilers. The period of experiment was 7 weeks. The metabolic experiment was performed at the 7th week. Three different protein levels were used in broilers＇ diet. The levels of protein were 19%, 17.5% and 16%. The results showed that the different levels of protein in crude dietary had significant difference between 19% group and the other two groups. The average daily weight gain and daily efficiency were significantly higher than that of the other two groups （P〈0.05）. Compared to protein levels of 19% and 16%, there was no significant difference in the metabolism of calcium （P〉0.05）, and the metabolic rate of the impact of phosphorus was significantly different （P〈0.05）. The result showed that when protein level was 19%, the growth of the local broiler was the best.
基金supported by the Cooperation Project of Luzhou Laojiao Co.,Ltd.Sichuan University (21H0997)。
文摘The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.
文摘Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2008AA06A412)the National Key Projects of Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2008ZX07421-004)
文摘The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon （BAC） play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water. To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter, we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count （HPC）, phospholipid, dehydrogenase, metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods. In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization, the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved. The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter. The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau. The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased, and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40. After an initial decrease, which was followed by an increase, the removal rate of NH4＋-N and COD_Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%, respectively, by day 40. The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days, and remained at 18%. At the steady operation state, the levels of HPC, phospholipid, dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40. The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4＋-N, NO2--N, CODMn, UV254, biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent. Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water.
文摘More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(DAA)drugs.They proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),including patients with cirrhosis.The new DAA treatments were alleged to induce significant improvements in clinical outcome and prognosis,but the exact cause of the expected benefit was unclear.Further,little was known about how the underlying liver disease would be affected during and after viral clearance.In this review,we describe and discuss the liver-related effects of the new treatments in regards to both pathophysiological aspects,such as macrophage activation,and the time-dependent effects of therapy,with specific emphasis on inflammation,structural liver changes,and liver function,as these factors are all related to morbidity and mortality in CHC patients.It seems clear that antiviral therapy,especially the achievement of a sustained virologic response has several beneficial effects on liver-related parameters in CHC patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.There seems to be a timedependent effect of DAA therapy with viral clearance and the resolution of liver inflammation followed by more discrete changes in structural liver lesions.These improvements lead to favorable effects on liver function,followed by an improvement in cognitive dysfunction and portal hypertension.Overall,the data provide knowledge on the several beneficial effects of DAA therapy on liverrelated parameters in CHC patients suggesting short-and long-term improvements in the underlying disease with the promise of an improved longterm prognosis.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.21377076,91543203,21477070,21222701)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Nos.20121401110003,20131401110005)+1 种基金Project Supported by Shanxi Young Sanjin Scholarship of China,Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of ShanxiResearch Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2015-006)
文摘In light of the accelerated aging of the global population and the deterioration of the atmosphere pollution, we sought to clarify the potential mechanisms by which fine particulate matter（PM_（2.5）） can cause cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration through the alteration of mitochondrial structure and function. The results indicate that PM_（2.5） inhalation reduces ATP production by disrupting the aerobic tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby causing the hypophosphorylation of tau in the cortices of middle-aged mice. Furthermore, excessive reactive oxygen species generation was involved in the impairment. Interestingly, these alterations were partially reversed after exposure to PM_（2.5） ended. These findings clarify the mechanism involved in mitochondrial abnormality-related neuropathological dysfunction in response to atmospheric PM_（2.5） inhalation and provide an optimistic sight for alleviating the adverse health outcomes in polluted areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82122009,82225008,82322011,82300711,and U23A20401)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201020066)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-5-003).
文摘As a highly complex organ with digestive,endocrine,and immune-regulatory functions,the liver is pivotal in maintaining physiological homeostasis through its roles in metabolism,detoxification,and immune response.Various factors including viruses,alcohol,metabolites,toxins,and other pathogenic agents can compromise liver function,leading to acute or chronic injury that may progress to end-stage liver diseases.While sharing common features,liver diseases exhibit distinct pathophysiological,clinical,and therapeutic profiles.Currently,liver diseases contribute to approximately 2 million deaths globally each year,imposing significant economic and social burdens worldwide.However,there is no cure for many kinds of liver diseases,partly due to a lack of thorough understanding of the development of these liver diseases.Therefore,this review provides a comprehensive examination of the epidemiology and characteristics of liver diseases,covering a spectrum from acute and chronic conditions to end-stage manifestations.We also highlight the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of liver diseases,spanning molecular and cellular levels to organ networks.Additionally,this review offers updates on innovative diagnostic techniques,current treatments,and potential therapeutic targets presently under clinical evaluation.Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases hold critical implications and translational value for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by grants from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China(No.2022M723604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.822706886,81570587 and 81700557)+7 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Projection on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology(Nos.2013A061401007 and 2017B030314018)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Funds for Major Basic Science Culture Project(No.2015A030308010)Guangdong Provincial Funds for High-end Medical Equipment(No.2020B1111140003)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.201704020150)the Natural Science Foundations of Guangdong Province(Nos.2016A030310141 and 2020A1515010091)Young Teachers Training Project of Sun Yat-Sen University(No.K0401068)Colin New Star of Sun Yat-Sen University(No.R08027)the Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy(Nos.pdjh2022b0010 and pdjh2023a0002).
文摘Organs are fundamental anatomical entities within the human body,each performing distinct physiological functions and serving as sites for various pathological conditions.Current medical research and treatment focus primarily on the individual as a whole or on cellular and genetic levels.However,due to the absence of well-established in vitro organ culture techniques and models,research at the mesoscopic level of organs significantly lags behind microscopic and macroscopic investigations.This lag restricts the efficient translation of research outcomes and constrains the potential for regional research and precise treatment of diseased organs.Although murine models and cell lines contribute to the understanding of organ biology and associated diseases,they fail to replicate crucial aspects of human organ complexity and metabolic functions.Notably,failures in clinical trials have often been attributed to inaccurate modeling,particularly in animal models.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(1122yb065)the Program for Leading Talent in Fujian Provincial University(660160190)。
文摘This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22166023)the Industrial Support Plan Project of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province(No.2023CYZC-30)+7 种基金the Gansu Leading Talents Program(No.2024)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.24YFFA053)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Gansu Province(No.24JRRA198)the Innovation Fund Project for University Teachers of Gansu Province(No.2024)the Youth Scientific and Technological Talent Innovation Project of Lanzhou(No.2024-QN-174)the Program for Hongliu Outstanding Young Talents in Lanzhou University of Technology(2024)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.QA202445)the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Lanzhou(No.2024-2-4).
文摘Aerobic granular sludge(AGS)is a neoteric wastewater treatment technology.The organic loading rate(OLR)exhibits a critical effect on the AGS formation process.The special role of OLR on AGS is rarely established,especially in a complicated environment.This work explored the influence of OLR on the AGS system under a micro-electric stimulation environment.The dynamic OLR affected the behaviors of AGS and reactor performance.AGS cultured under a dynamic OLR environment showed a more compact structure and the AGS system displayed an excellent capacity in removing pollutants.The stable texture of AGS is related to the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS).The main constitutions of EPS include tryptophan protein,tyrosine protein,humic acid-like substance,and fulvic acid-like substance.The OLR-varied environment may provide a selective condition,impacting the microbial population.The prevail bacteria were Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium(21.98%),Lactococcus(23.93%),and Chryseobacterium(5.58%)in OLRvaried AGS system.The evolution of the microbial population induced the change in bacterial community functions,such as carbohydrate metabolism,replication and repair,and membrane transport functions.This work provides valuable insights into the OLR on AGS processes,helping to the stability of AGS-based systems.
