本文对美国长期照护(以下简称"长护")保险计划——社区生活援助服务及支持计划(Community Living Assistance Services and Support Program,简称CLASS计划)的背景、计划内容及失败的原因进行了论述和分析,发现CLASS计划推出...本文对美国长期照护(以下简称"长护")保险计划——社区生活援助服务及支持计划(Community Living Assistance Services and Support Program,简称CLASS计划)的背景、计划内容及失败的原因进行了论述和分析,发现CLASS计划推出前,美国老年人长护服务需求旺盛,但费用高昂且上涨速度快;医疗保障体系对长护的保障有限;老年人商业长护保单持有率较低。CLASS计划失败主要有三个原因:逆向选择风险高;保费偏低,缺乏财政支持;保险金设定不合理。CLASS计划失败对我国长护保险制度建设的启示有:控制逆向选择风险;合理确定保费,明确政府财政补贴责任;保障水平应与实际护理成本相适应。展开更多
In a medium-term electricity market,in order to reduce the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, the cascade hydropower stations may use the options contract with electricity supply companies. A profit-based model ...In a medium-term electricity market,in order to reduce the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, the cascade hydropower stations may use the options contract with electricity supply companies. A profit-based model for risk management of cascade hydropower stations in the medium-term electricity market is presented. The objective function is profit maximization of cascade hydropower stations. In order to avoid the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, two different risk-aversion constraints: a minimum profit constraint and a minimum conditional value-at-risk, are introduced in the model. In addition, the model takes into account technology constraints of the generating units, which includes reservoir flow balance, reservoir capacity limits, water discharge constraints, etc. The model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Because the search space of the solution is very large, a genetic algorithm is used to deal with the problem.展开更多
Siemens expects to win new orders of around Euro 15 billion in thenext three fiscal years 2010 until 2012, which will be generated bygovernment stimulus programs already announced around the world.Green technologies a...Siemens expects to win new orders of around Euro 15 billion in thenext three fiscal years 2010 until 2012, which will be generated bygovernment stimulus programs already announced around the world.Green technologies are expected to account for 40% or approxi-展开更多
文摘本文对美国长期照护(以下简称"长护")保险计划——社区生活援助服务及支持计划(Community Living Assistance Services and Support Program,简称CLASS计划)的背景、计划内容及失败的原因进行了论述和分析,发现CLASS计划推出前,美国老年人长护服务需求旺盛,但费用高昂且上涨速度快;医疗保障体系对长护的保障有限;老年人商业长护保单持有率较低。CLASS计划失败主要有三个原因:逆向选择风险高;保费偏低,缺乏财政支持;保险金设定不合理。CLASS计划失败对我国长护保险制度建设的启示有:控制逆向选择风险;合理确定保费,明确政府财政补贴责任;保障水平应与实际护理成本相适应。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50579101)
文摘In a medium-term electricity market,in order to reduce the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, the cascade hydropower stations may use the options contract with electricity supply companies. A profit-based model for risk management of cascade hydropower stations in the medium-term electricity market is presented. The objective function is profit maximization of cascade hydropower stations. In order to avoid the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, two different risk-aversion constraints: a minimum profit constraint and a minimum conditional value-at-risk, are introduced in the model. In addition, the model takes into account technology constraints of the generating units, which includes reservoir flow balance, reservoir capacity limits, water discharge constraints, etc. The model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Because the search space of the solution is very large, a genetic algorithm is used to deal with the problem.
文摘Siemens expects to win new orders of around Euro 15 billion in thenext three fiscal years 2010 until 2012, which will be generated bygovernment stimulus programs already announced around the world.Green technologies are expected to account for 40% or approxi-
